Unit4SpaceExploration能力提升素養(yǎng)練習(xí)Ⅰ.閱讀理解AARussianactorandfilmdirectorleftEarthonaspaceshipthisweektostartfilmingamovie.RussianofficialssaysthemoviewillshinealightonRussia'ssuccessinspace.DmitryPeskovispresssecretaryforPresidentVladimirPutin.“Wehavebeenpioneersinspaceandmaintainedaconfidentposition，”P(pán)eskovsaid,addingthatspaceexplorationisgreatforRussia.ActorYuliaPeresildanddirectorKlimShipenkotookofffromasiteinKazahkstanTuesdaywithcosmonautAntonShkaplerov.TheyarrivedaboutthreehourslaterattheInternationalSpaceStationwheretheywillstayfor12days.ThefuturefilmiscalledChallenge.Ittellsthestoryofadoctorwhohurriestothespacestationtohelpanastronautwithaheartproblem.Thepassengershadfourmonthstogetreadyforthespacetrip.Peresildsaidtrainingforthetripwasdifficult.But,shesaid,oncetheyreachedtheirgoal,“allthatwillseemnotsodifficultandwewillrememberitwithasmile.”Shipenkosaidhewouldfinishthemoviebackhomeafterfilminginspace.TwootherRussiancosmonautsalreadyonthespacestationwillalsoperforminthemovie.DmitryRogozinheadstheRussianspaceagencyRoscosmosandhasbeenamajorforcebehindtheproject.“Spacedeservesbeingshowninamoreprofessional,artfulway，”hesaid.Rogozinsaidheeditedthescripthimselftocorrectlyrepresenttherealitiesofspacetravel.“Wedescribesomerealemergenciesthatmayhappenoutthere，”hesaid.OlegNovitskiyisanexperiencedRussiancosmonaut.Hewillplaythecharacterwiththeheartprobleminthemovie.Whenthatisdone,hewillreturntocaptain'sseatoftheSoyuzspacecraftandbringtheactoranddirectorbacktoEarth.1．WhatcanwelearnfromDmitryPeskov'swords?A．PresidentVladimirPutinthoughtthemoviewasgreat.B．Russiaisintheleadingpositioninspaceexploration.C．Theactorandfilmdirectorarepioneerstomakefilm.D．TheRussiangovernmentisconfidentofthelaunchmission.2．Whoisprobablygoingtoplaytheroleofdoctoraccordingtothepassage?A．YuliaPeresild. B．KlimShipenko. C．DmitryRogozin. D．OlegNovitskiy.3．Whatdoweknowaboutthemovie?A．Itwillbecompletelyfinishedinspace.B．ThescriptwaswrittenbyRogozin.C．Itwillreflectsomerealemergenciesinspace.D．Theroleswillallbeplayedbyprofessionalactors.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbeasuitabletitleforthepassage?A．Russia'sGreatSpaceExploration.B．InternationalSpaceStation.C．AnEmergencyinSpace.D．Challenge:AMovieMadeinSpace.BNothingdrawsattentiontoyournewproductlikeusingittosendfastfoodintospace.InJune,Arizona-basedWorldViewEnterprisesdemonstratedthepotentialofitspioneeringStratollite—asortofminisatellitethatusesaballoontotakegoodsintothestratosphere(平流層)bypartneringKFCtoferrya5-ouncepieceoffriedchicken77,000feetintothespace.“Wetookachickensandwich,launcheditintospacefor17hours,andwhenitcameback,itwasperfect，”saystheformerCEOofWorldViewEnterprisesJanePoynter.Poynter'sfinalgoalistosendtouriststotheedgeofspace,tiedtothecompany'sballoons,andtomakethefinalfrontiermoreaccessibleforresearch.Stratollitesareinexpensive,compact,andeasytooperate,idealformonitoringweatherpatternsandprovidingmilitaryreconnaissance(偵察)oremergencycommunicationsduringnaturaldisasters.Theycanalsodowhattraditionalsatellitescan'tdo:spendmonthsaboveaspecificlocationwithoutmoving.ThoughPoynterdidnotformallytrainasanengineer,shehasspenthercareerinleadingspaceresearch.TheBritishnativetrainedherskillsasatechnicalmanagerforBiosphere2,anArizonaresearchfacilitybuilttotestaself-enclosed,self-sufficientecosystem.Itscreatorshopeditcouldonedaybeadaptedforuseinspace.Shespenttwoyearsintheearly1990ssealedinsidewithsevenothers,experiencingeverythingfromoxygenfailurestocolleagues'emotionalbreakdowns.Poyntermetherfuturehusband,TaberMacCallum,ontheproject,andafterward,thecoupleformedParagonSpaceDevelopmentCorporation.Theybegandevisingbiospheresthatcouldsupportplantandanimallifeinorbit(軌道)．“Weshowedit'spossibleforanimalstoliveinanenvironmenttheyarenotusedto:microgravity，”P(pán)oyntersays.In2014,PoynterandMacCallumachievedanotherfirst.TheyledtheengineeringteamthathelpedAlanEustaceskydivefromtheedgeofthestratosphere.That'swhenithitthem:Theballoon-parachutesystemtheydesignedforEustacecouldbemodifiedfortourismandresearch.SotheyformedWorldViewEnterprises,withMacCallumservingasachieftechnicalofficer.ThecompanyhasacontractwithNASAtodetermineifthesystemcouldsomedaybeusedtogatherdataonMars.“TakingStratollitesandflyingthemonotherplanets,”P(pán)oyntersays.“That'sdefinitelyapartofthebigdream.”5．Stratollitesaredifferentfromtraditionalsatellitesinthattheycan.A．staymotionlessinspaceB．moveaboutinabiggerareaC．provideemergencycommunicationsD．survivebetterinasituationwithoutgravity6．WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageaboutBiosphere2?A．Itwasadaptedfromaspaceshipthatusedtoworkinspace.B．Itwasintendedtobecomeanidealplaceforspaceresearch.C．Theparticipantsallexperiencedsomekindofemotionalbreakdown.D．Theparticipantswereisolatedfromtheoutsideworldforsometime.7．Whatdoesthepronoun“it”inParagraph5referto?A．PoynterandMacCallumhavehelpedAlanEustacetoskydive.B．MacCallumwillserveasachieftechnicalofficerinWorldView.C．ThesystemdesignedforEustacecanbeusedformorepurposes.D．PoynterandMacCallumhopetoachievemorefirstsintheircareer.8．WhatisWorldViewEnterprise’sbigdream?A．PartneringNASAtodoresearchonotherplanets.B．Usingballoonstosendtouristsorresearchersintospace.C．Givingpeoplemoreopportunitiestotryextremesportsinspace.D．Workingwithfoodcompaniestosendfoodtoastronautsinspace.C(2020·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)havetakenitastepfurther—changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusualfunctions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.“We'rethinkingabouthowwecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday，”explainedMichaelStrano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow(發(fā)光)inexperimentsusingsomecommonvegetables.Strano'steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-halfhours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-poweredstreetlamps.Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedontoplantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant'slifetime.Theengineersarealsotryingtodevelopanonandoff“switch”wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingisoftenfarremovedfromthepowersource(電源)—suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreetlampsonaremotehighway—alotofenergyislostduringtransmission(傳輸)．Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.9．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A．Anewstudyofdifferentplants. B．Abigfallincrimerates.C．Employeesfromvariousworkplaces. D．Benefitsfromgreenplants.10．WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?A．Todetectplants'lackofwater. B．Tochangecompositionsofplants.C．Tomakethelifeofplantslonger. D．Totestchemicalsinplants.11．Whatcanweexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?A．Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.B．Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.C．Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.D．Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Canwegrowmoreglowingplants? B．Howdowelivewithglowingplants?C．Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps? D．Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?Ⅱ.應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作最近，你班同學(xué)就“太空探索是否值得”這一話(huà)題展開(kāi)了討論。請(qǐng)你根據(jù)下面提供的信息，用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇短文介紹討論的情況。30%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為：1．不值得探索；2．離我們及我們的日常生活太遙遠(yuǎn)；3．浪費(fèi)金錢(qián)，這些金錢(qián)本可以用來(lái)解決地球上的饑餓、污染等問(wèn)題。70%的同學(xué)認(rèn)為：1．值得探索；2．已使用衛(wèi)星進(jìn)行通信和預(yù)報(bào)天氣；3．有望解決地球人口問(wèn)題和能源短缺問(wèn)題。Ⅲ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Onetime,theteachersataschoolwantedtoteachthestudentsaboutairplanes.Whileallairplanescanfly,someareabletoflyfartherthanothers.Thisisbecausenotallairplanesarebuiltthesame.Forexample,afighterplanelooksverydifferentfromaplanethatpeopleflyinwhentheywanttogoonaholiday.Theteacherswonderedhowtheycouldmakestudentsunderstandthis.Then,thescienceteacher,Mr.Moose,decidedthattheschoolshouldhaveapaperairplanecontest.Thestudentswouldproducepaperairplanedesigns.Theywouldstandinlineontheplaygroundbehindtheschool.Thestudentswouldtaketurnsthrowingtheirairplanes.Thestudentwhoseairplanewentthefarthestwouldwin.WhenMr.Mooseannouncedthepaperairplanecontesttothestudents,theywereveryexcited.AstudentnamedPaul,whowasonthewrestlingteam,bragged(吹牛)toeveryoneelsethathisairplanewouldwin.“Iamthestrongest，”P(pán)aulsaid.“SoIwillbeabletothrowmyairplanethefarthest.”However,whilePaulwassayingthis,anotherstudent,Brian,wasthinkinghowhecouldwin.Briandidnotplayanysportsandwasnotverystrong.Buthelovedairplanesandreallywantedtowinthecontest.Brianrealisedwhathehadtodo.Hewenttothestoreandboughtabigstackofpaper.Whenhegothome,hetookthepaperintohisbackyard.Hetookapieceofpaperandfoldedanairplane.Itdidn'tgoveryfar,soBriantookanothersheetandfoldedanotherairplaneandthrewit.Thisairplanewentalittlefarther.Briankeptfoldingdifferentkindsofairplanesandthrowingthem.Somewentveryfarandsomedidnot.Finally,whenBrianhadusedallthepaper,hewalkeduptotheairplanethathadflownthefarthestandpickeditup.注意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Thenextdaywasthecontest.Brianwonbecausehetriedoutmanysolutionstotheproblemofhowtomakeanairplaneflyveryfar.

答案解析：Ⅰ.閱讀理解A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了俄羅斯一名演員和電影導(dǎo)演乘坐宇宙飛船離開(kāi)地球，開(kāi)始拍攝一部電影，俄羅斯官員稱(chēng)這部電影會(huì)關(guān)注俄羅斯在太空的成功。1．B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中引述Peskov的話(huà)“Wehavebeenpioneersinspaceandmaintainedaconfidentposition”可知，Peskov的話(huà)表明俄羅斯處于空間探索的領(lǐng)先地位，與B選項(xiàng)描述相符。2．A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“ActorYuliaPeresildanddirectorKlimShipenkotookofffromasiteinKazahkstanTuesdaywithcosmonautAntonShkaplerov.”與第三句“ThefuturefilmiscalledChallenge.Ittellsthestoryofadoctorwhohurriestothespacestationtohelpanastronautwithaheartproblem.”以及第三段中“OlegNovitskiyisanexperiencedRussiancosmonaut.Hewillplaythecharacterwiththeheartprobleminthemovie.”可知，此次太空旅行一共有3個(gè)人參與，KlimShipenko是導(dǎo)演，宇航員AntonShkaplerov要扮演心臟有問(wèn)題的宇航員，則醫(yī)生應(yīng)當(dāng)由演員YuliaPeresild扮演。3．C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中引述Rogozin的話(huà)“Wedescribesomerealemergenciesthatmayhappenoutthere”可知，電影表現(xiàn)的就是可能發(fā)生在太空中的真實(shí)的緊急情況，與C選項(xiàng)描述相符。4．D標(biāo)題歸納題。瀏覽全文，文章以新聞報(bào)道的形式，介紹了一部將在太空中完成拍攝的電影，其名為Challenge，D選項(xiàng)切合文章主題，適合作為標(biāo)題。B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】JanePoynter和她的公司W(wǎng)orldViewEnterprises一直致力于送動(dòng)植物上太空的研究，近期成功地把快餐送上了太空，并期待未來(lái)可以將游客和更多的研究人員送上太空。5．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“spendmonthsaboveaspecificlocationwithoutmoving”可知，選項(xiàng)A中的motionless與文中的withoutmoving對(duì)應(yīng)，因此答案應(yīng)為A。6．D推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Biosphere2,anArizonaresearchfacilitybuilttotestaself-enclosed,self-sufficientecosystem”可知，它是一個(gè)封閉的空間，這與選項(xiàng)D中的wereisolatedfromtheoutsideworld對(duì)應(yīng)，因此選D。7．C代詞指代題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theballoon-parachutesystemtheydesignedforEustacecouldbemodifiedfortourismandresearch”可推知，答案為C。8．B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“TakingStratollitesandflyingthemonotherplanets”“That'sdefinitelyapartofthebigdream”可知，WorldViewEnterprises的遠(yuǎn)大夢(mèng)想的一部分是通過(guò)使用熱氣球的這種迷你衛(wèi)星把游客或研究者送往其他星球。因此答案為B。C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了綠色植物對(duì)人類(lèi)社會(huì)和工作效率的積極作用，同時(shí)介紹了科學(xué)家們新開(kāi)發(fā)的植物的不尋常的功能：檢測(cè)地下水質(zhì)和發(fā)光照明。9．D段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段第二句及下文所舉的兩個(gè)例子可知，第一段主要介紹了綠色植物給人們帶來(lái)的益處，故選D。10．A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句中的“Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey'reshortofwater”可知，A選項(xiàng)正確。11．C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容尤其是最后一句“Glowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.”可推知，在未來(lái)，發(fā)光植物可能有助于減少能源消耗。12．C標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段點(diǎn)明了植物的積極作用；第二段是有關(guān)植物的其他方面的功能的研究；第三段說(shuō)明最新的研究表明植物可以發(fā)光；第四段是有關(guān)將來(lái)要開(kāi)發(fā)的一種用在植物葉子上的技術(shù)及研究植物發(fā)光是否可以“打開(kāi)”和“關(guān)上”；第五段表述能量在傳輸中損失很多，或許發(fā)光植物可以解決這一問(wèn)題。故C選項(xiàng)(發(fā)光的植物能代替燈嗎？)最能凸顯本文主題。Ⅱ.應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作【參考范文】Recently,studentsinourclasshavehadadiscussiononwhetherspaceisworthexploring.Ontheonehand,30%ofust