2/2Section2“Avatars”的課文習(xí)讀環(huán)節(jié)課時(shí)目標(biāo)1.閱讀并概括提煉文本中關(guān)于虛擬形象的主要信息。2.找出并梳理虛擬形象在不同方面的具體影響。3.反思與評(píng)價(jià)虛擬形象與人們的關(guān)系，并對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題進(jìn)行辯證式思考。泛讀課文，完成以下學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)(一)理清文脈結(jié)構(gòu)(二)把握主旨大意1．What'sthemainideaofthetext？()A．Someinformationaboutavatars.B．Howtoexpressyourselfusingpictures.C．Thehistoryofavatars.D．Thedefinitionofavatars.2．Matchthemainideawiththeproperparagraph.Para.1A．TheviewsaboutavatarsPara.2B．ThehistoryofavatarsPara.3C．ThedefinitionofavatarsPara.4D．People'sdiverseuseofavatarsPara.5E．ThewidespreaduseofavatarsinsocialmediaPara.6F．Therelationshipbetweenavatarchoiceandcharacter精讀課文，完成以下學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)(一)閱讀理解1．What'sanavatar？()A．Yourownimage.B．AnInternetuser.C．Yournewidentity.D．Adigitalimage.2．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutthefirstavatars？()A．Theyappearedinrole-playingcomputergamesinthe1980s.B．Theybegantoexistinthe1990s.C．Theywereusedinwebchats.D．Theywereready-madeimages.3．Whatavatarmeansthatyouareafunnyperson?()A．Acutecat.B．Acartoonmouse.C．Alaughingmonkey.D．Anice-lookingmonkey.4．Whydosomeusershavemorethanoneavatar？()A．Theyhavethepowertocreatemoreavatars.B．Theydon'twantotherstoknowtheirsex.C．Theydon'twanttomaketheiravatarsseenbytheirfriends.D．Theywanttousedifferentavatarsindifferentsituations.5．Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph？()A．Avatarscanbewronglyusedtocheatothersonline.B．Avatarswillbebiggerandmoreexciting.C．Theuseofavatarscancausetoomanyconcerns.D．Alltheuserswillbeafraidofmeetingpeopleinvirtualworlds.識(shí)破干擾項(xiàng)之引申過度引申過度是指選項(xiàng)雖出自閱讀文章，但卻超出了文章允許的范圍。課文最后一段的第一句表明虛擬形象的使用引起了一些擔(dān)憂，但本題C項(xiàng)“虛擬形象的使用可引發(fā)太多的擔(dān)憂”即屬于引申過度。eq\a\vs4\al([Tip])(二)閱讀表達(dá)1．Howcanpeoplegettheirownavatars?2．Whatcantheavatarsinonlineworldsdo?3．Whatarepeople'sviewsontheuseofavatars?|閱|讀|技|能|提|升|關(guān)注關(guān)鍵詞句，明確說明對(duì)象本文的語篇類型為事物介紹類說明文。這類文章的結(jié)構(gòu)通常由三部分組成，即引出說明對(duì)象——詳細(xì)解說說明對(duì)象——總結(jié)說明對(duì)象。如本文采用下定義的方式引出說明對(duì)象，即虛擬形象，接著詳細(xì)解說了虛擬形象的特點(diǎn)、作用等，最后通過人們對(duì)虛擬形象的不同看法總結(jié)說明了虛擬形象的前景。讀文時(shí)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)解讀文章的標(biāo)題、首段的關(guān)鍵詞、結(jié)尾以及每段的中心句，最終總結(jié)出全文著力說明的中心事物，即文章的說明對(duì)象。(一)賞用詞之妙1.However,nearlyallavatarsaretall,youngandnice-looking,sopeopleobviouslymaketheiravatarslookbetterthantheydoinreallife.賞析：本句中使用了三個(gè)描寫外貌的形容詞tall、young和nice-looking，形象地描寫出人們喜愛的虛擬形象的外貌特征。2.Theyalsoexperimentwiththingslikedifferenthairstyles—whichsaysalot,perhaps,aboutwhattheywanttolooklike.賞析：本句中使用了experiment的生義用法，此處意為“嘗試；試用”，表明人們進(jìn)行了諸多嘗試；使用了動(dòng)詞say的生義用法，此處意為“表明(某人的性格或某物的特質(zhì))是……”，表明虛擬形象透露出你的信息。使用perhaps一詞，語氣委婉，說明“他們希望自己看起來是什么樣子”只是一種可能，而不是絕對(duì)的事實(shí)。這樣的描述可以使作者的陳述更為客觀，也使讀者更容易接受。①Weneedtoconductanexperimenttotestthishypothesis.________________②Idecidedtoexperimentwithanewhairstyle.________________③Whatdoestheclocksay？________________[提能訓(xùn)練](寫出下列句中黑體詞的詞性和含義)(二)賞句式之高1.Thesedigitalidentities,knownasavatars,areakeypartofhowpeopleusetheInternettocommunicateandexpressthemselves.賞析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。knownasavatars為過去分詞短語作后置定語；how引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作介詞of的賓語。高級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)的使用使得句子既簡潔又準(zhǔn)確，不拖泥帶水，點(diǎn)明了虛擬形象的概念及重要性。2.Whenpeoplestartedcreatingtheirownavatars,theydiscoveredthattheyweregoingtohavethepowertocreatenewidentitiesthatdidnotlookoractliketheirrealselvesatall.賞析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。其中when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，其中含有第二個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾先行詞newidentities。兩個(gè)從句概括地說明了虛擬形象的虛擬性和便利性。3.Someusersworrythattheyarespendingsomuchtimeinvirtualworldsthattheyarebecomingafraidofmeetingpeopleintherealworld.賞析：這是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。that引導(dǎo)賓語從句，其中包含so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，意為“如此……以至于……”，進(jìn)一步介紹了一些人對(duì)虛擬形象使用的擔(dān)憂。①Thesearetheveryreferencearticles_______Iamlookingfor.②Thebook,______________(寫于1957年),tellsthestrugglesoftheminers.③Hespoke________________(如此快以至于)hisstudentscouldn'tfollowhim.[提能訓(xùn)練](單句語法填空/完成句子)(三)賞銜接之順1．Thefirstsimple2Davatarsappearedinrole-playingcomputergamesinthe1980s.Yet,veryfewpeopleknewthatfutureavatarswouldhavesuchawidevarietyofformsanduses.Bythelate1990s,theyhadbeenusedinwebchats.賞析：本句中使用了yet一詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)了當(dāng)時(shí)人們對(duì)虛擬形象發(fā)展認(rèn)識(shí)的局限性。很少有人能想到虛擬形象后來會(huì)有如此廣泛的形式和用途，而到20世紀(jì)90年代末，虛擬形象已經(jīng)被用于網(wǎng)絡(luò)聊天了。該詞的運(yùn)用突出了虛擬形象的迅速發(fā)展。2．However,otherusersviewavatarsinamorepositivelight.賞析：使用however一詞，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出了人們對(duì)虛擬形象的不同看法。[提能訓(xùn)練]①(翻譯句子)Hewasdeterminedtobecomeawriterin1990.Yet,veryfewpeoplethoughthewouldsucceed.Justtenyearslater,hebecameworld-famous.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②(選詞填空：however/therefore)Somepeoplethinkthenewly-developedtourismwillbenefitthelocals.____________，othersworrythatitwillharmthelocalecosystem.(四)賞修辭之功...theystartedhavingmorethanoneavatar:asensibleoneforwork;afriendly,good-lookingoneformeetingpeople;andasillyoneforhavingfun.賞析：此句中“asensibleoneforwork;afriendly,good-lookingoneformeetingpeople;andasillyoneforhavingfun”運(yùn)用了排比的修辭手法，表達(dá)了人們使用不止一個(gè)虛擬形象的具體情況。排比手法的使用使行文簡潔流暢，朗朗上口，增強(qiáng)了句子的氣勢(shì)。[提能訓(xùn)練](完成句子并體會(huì)修辭手法的運(yùn)用)Iamveryhappybecausemyparents，myteachers，myfriends，andsociety.我很幸福，因?yàn)楦改附o予我生命，老師給予我知識(shí)，朋友給予我友情，社會(huì)給予我溫暖。在科技的奇幻世界里，有一種神奇的機(jī)器人，它仿佛擁有一顆懂得微笑的心靈，不僅能夠預(yù)測(cè)你微笑的時(shí)刻，還會(huì)在你微笑時(shí)，以微笑回應(yīng)。通過人工智能技術(shù)，它仿佛獲得了一種與我們更親近的聯(lián)系方式?；蛟S，在不久的將來，這樣的機(jī)器伙伴會(huì)成為我們生活中的一部分，為我們帶來更多溫暖和陪伴。Thisrobotpredictswhenyou'regoingtosmileandsmilesbackAhumanoidrobotcanpredictwhethersomeonewillsmileasecondbeforetheydo,andmatchthesmileonitsownface.Thecreatorshopethetechnologycouldmakeinteractionswithrobotsmorelifelike.Althoughartificialintelligencecannowimitatehumanlanguagetoanimpressivedegree,interactionseq\o(withphysicalrobotsoftenfallintoalmostfailure，inpartbecauserobotscan'tcopythecomplex,\s\do4(①))non-verbalcuesandhabitsthatarevitalforcommunication.Now,HodLipsonatColumbiaUniversityinNewYorkandhiscolleagueshavecreatedarobotcalledEmothatusesAImodelsandhigh-resolutioncamerastopredictpeople'sfacial②expressionsandtrytocopythem.Itcanexpectwhethersomeonewillsmileabout0.9secondsbeforetheydo,andsmileitselfinreturn.“I'maboredroboticist,butIsmilebackatthisrobot，”saysLipson.eq\o(Emoconsistsofafacewithcamerasinitseyeballsandflexibleplasticskinthathas23separate,\s\do4(③))motorsattachedtoitbymagnets.Therobotusestwoneuralnetworks:onetolookathumanfacesandpredicttheirexpressionsandanothertoworkouthowtoproduceexpressionsonitsownface.eq\o(Thefirstnetworkwastrainedononlinevideosofpeoplemakingfaces，whilethesecondnetwork,\s\do4(④))wastrainedbyhavingtherobotwatchitselfmakefacesonalivecamerafeed.“Itlearnswhatitsfaceisgoingtolooklikewhenit'sgoingtopullallthesemuscles，”saysLipson.“It'ssortoflikeaeq\o(personinfrontofamirror，whenevenifyoucloseyoureyesandsmile，youknowwhat,\s\do4(⑤))yourfaceisgoingtolooklike.”LipsonandhisteamhopethatEmo'stechnologywillimprovehuman-robotinteractions,buttheyfirstneedtobroadentherangeofexpressionstherobotcanmake.Theyalsohopetotrainittomakeexpressionsinresponsetowhatpeoplearesaying,ratherthansimplyimitatinganotherperson,saysLipson.[閱讀理解]1．Whywasarobotthatcansmilebackatpeoplecreated？()A．Tomaketherobotmorelikehuman.B．Tocommunicatewithpeople.C．Totesthowsmarttherobotis.D．Toshowtherobot'sresponsespeed.2．Whatplayakeyroleinsmilingback？()A．Cameras.B．Magnets.C．Skins.D．Motors.3．WhatwillLipsonandhisteamdonext？()A．Traintherobottomakemorefaces.B．Lettherobotknowpeople'swords.C．Gettherobottomakemoreexpressions.D．Improvecommunicationbetweenrobots.[素養(yǎng)積累]1．由文積詞匯predictv．預(yù)測(cè)；預(yù)計(jì)interactionn.交流；互動(dòng)artificialintelligence人工智能imitatev.模仿impressiveadj.令人印象深刻的complexadj.復(fù)雜的cuen.信號(hào)；提示；線索vitaladj.非常重要的flexibleadj.靈活的；柔軟的；易彎曲的magnetn.磁；磁鐵musclen.肌肉broadenv.拓寬；加寬2．據(jù)文悟句式句①主從復(fù)合句。前面是although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句；主句中又含有because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句，在此狀