賓語從句專題精講與練習(xí)題一、賓語從句的定義在主從復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)賓語成分的從句被稱為賓語從句。簡單來說，就是用一個句子來充當(dāng)賓語。例如：Iknowthatheisagoodstudent.

（我知道他是個好學(xué)生。）在這個句子里，“thatheisagoodstudent”整個句子作動詞“know”的賓語，它就是賓語從句。賓語從句可以作及物動詞、介詞及某些形容詞的賓語。二、賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.that：當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時，用that引導(dǎo)，that在從句中無實(shí)際意義，也不充當(dāng)句子成分，在口語或非正式文體中?？墒÷?。例如：Shesaid(that)shewouldcometotheparty.（她說她會來參加派對。）但在以下幾種情況下，that不能省略：-

當(dāng)句中的動詞后接多于兩個由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，第一個that可省，但后面的that不可省。如：Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematterandthathewasaskednottotellyou.-

當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞與that賓語從句之間有插入語時，that一般不可省。如：JustthenInoticedforthefirsttime,thatourmasterwaswearinghisfinegreencoatandhisblacksilkcap.-

當(dāng)that從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時，that不可省。如：Ican'ttellhimthathismotherdied.-

在it作形式賓語的結(jié)構(gòu)中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是真正的賓語時，that不能省略。如：Ithinkitisimportantthatheshouldgohome.2.if/whether：當(dāng)賓語從句是由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來時，用if或whether引導(dǎo)，意為“是否”。例如：Iwonderif/whetherhewillcometomorrow.（我想知道他明天是否會來。）在一些情況下，只能用whether，不能用if：-

與ornot連用，如：Idon'tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot.-

在介詞后面，如：Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweshouldgothere.-

在動詞不定式前

，如：Hehasn'tdecidedwhethertogoornot.3.特殊疑問詞：當(dāng)賓語從句由特殊疑問句轉(zhuǎn)變而來時，用原來的特殊疑問詞（what,who,where,when,why,how等）引導(dǎo)。這些特殊疑問詞在從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分。比如：Canyoutellmewhereyoulive?（你能告訴我你住在哪里嗎？）其中where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。三、賓語從句的語序賓語從句必須使用陳述句語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分”

。例如：-Doyouknowwhathelikes?（正確）你知道他喜歡什么嗎？-Doyouknowwhatdoeshelike?（錯誤）但有一種特殊情況，當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞本身就是從句的主語時，語序不變。比如：Idon'tknowwhobrokethewindow.（我不知道誰打破了窗戶。）“who”既是引導(dǎo)詞，又是從句“brokethewindow”的主語。四、賓語從句的時態(tài)1.主現(xiàn)從不限：如果主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句可以根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用各種時態(tài)。-Hesaysheisreadingabooknow.（他說他現(xiàn)在正在讀書。）從句用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時-ShetellsmeshewillgotoBeijingnextweek.（她告訴我她下周將去北京。）從句用一般將來時2.主過從必過：若主句是一般過去時，從句一般要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、過去完成時等）。-HesaidhewaswatchingTVatthattime.（他說他那時正在看電視。）從句用過去進(jìn)行時-HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.

（他說他很快會回美國。）從句用過去將來時3.真理永一現(xiàn)：當(dāng)從句表示客觀真理或自然現(xiàn)象時，無論主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。-Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.（老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。）五、賓語從句專項練習(xí)題（后附答案及講解）（一）引導(dǎo)詞的選擇1.Idon'tknow______ornot.A.whetherheisathomeB.ifheisathomeC.thatheisathomeD.whetherisheathome2.Thisdependson______theweatherisfine.A.whichB.whether

C.if

D.that3.Theteacheraskedthenewstudent______classhewasin.A.whichB.where

C.if

D.that4.Idon'tknow______Mr.Greenwillcometoseeus.He'llhelpuswithourEnglish.A.whyB.when

C.how

D.where5.—Becareful!Don'tbreakthebottles.Doyouhear______Isaid?—Yes,mum.A.whatB.that

C.why

D.if6.—Doyouknow______MrBlack'saddressis?—HemayliveatNo.18orNo.19ofBridgeStreet.I'mnotsureof______.A.where,whichB.where,what

C.what,which

D.what,where7.Thereisnotmuchdifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'tknow______.A.whatshouldIchooseB.whichIshouldchooseC.whichshouldIchooseD.whatIshouldchoose（二）賓語從句的語序1.Didyoufindout______?A.shewaslookingforwhosechildB.whosechildwasshelookingforC.whosechildsheislookingforD.whosechildshewaslookingfor2.Areyouinterestedin______?A.howdidhedoitB.hedidithowC.howhediditD.hehowdidit3.Idon'tknow______.Canyoutellme?A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayersC.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare4.—Whatdidthescientistsay?—Hesaidhewonderedif______inspacebyspaceshiponeday.A.hehadtoflyB.hecouldfly

C.canhefly

D.couldhefly5.Excuseme,sir.Couldyoutellme______?A.WherethebanknearestB.whereisthenearestbankC.wherethenearestbankisD.thenearestbankiswhere6.SheaskedTom______withhiscar?A.whatthematterwasB.whatwasthematterC.whatthematterisD.whatisthematter（三）賓語從句的時態(tài)1.It's7:30.Ican'tbelieveyou______cookingdinneryet,Sally.A.haven'tstartedB.didn'tstart

C.don'tstart

D.hadn'tstarted2.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25______ChristmasDay.A.isB.was

C.hasbeen

D.willbe3.Theteachersaidthattheearth______roundthesun.A.goesB.go

C.went

D.willgo4.We'dliketotellyouthatyou______theexam.A.havepassedB.hadpassed

C.pass

D.willpass5.“Couldyoutellme______?”“Yes.They______tothelibrary.”A.wherearethetwins,havebeenB.wherewerethetwins,havebeenC.wherethetwinsare,havegoneD.wherethetwinswere,havegone6.Ourfathersaidthathe______anewcomputernextweek.A.willbuyB.havebought

C.wouldbuy

D.buys7.Ihearthathe______toBeijingyesterday.A.goesB.willgo

C.went

D.havegone（四）綜合練習(xí)1.Idon'tthinkheisright,______?A.isn'theB.ishe

C.doI

D.don'tI2.Hebelievessheisright,______?A.doesn'theB.doeshe

C.isshe

D.isn'tshe3.Ithoughtthathedislikedplayingfootball,______?A.didn'tIB.didI

C.didhe

D.didn'the4.Ifind______importantthatwepracticeEnglisheveryday.A.itB.this

C.that

D.what5.Youcan'timaginewhentheyreceivedthenicegift.A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywereC.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited6.—Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?—Theyalwaysletmedo______IthinkIshould.A.whenB.that

C.how

D.what7.Pleaseremindme______hesaidhewasgoing.Imaybeintimetoseehimoff.A.whereB.when

C.how

D.what8.Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.A.whyB.what

C.who

D.that9.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee______.A.whoisheB.whoheis

C.whoisit

D.whoitis10.Wehaven'theardfromJaneforalongtime.Whatdoyouconsider______toher?A.washappeningB.tohappen

C.hashappened

D.happening（五）難度提升1.Theproblemis______wecanmastermodernscienceandtechnologyinashorttime.A.ifB.that

C.what

D.how2.Itookitforgranted______hewouldbelieveinus.A.thatB.what

C.which

D.when3.Youcanchoose______bookyoulikeamongthese.A.nomatterwhatB.whatever

C.whose

D.whichever4.Italldependson______theywillsupportus.A.ifB.whether

C.that

D.what5.Theywanttoknow______dotohelpus.A.whatcantheyB.whattheycan

C.howtheycan

D.howcanthey6.ThesewildflowersaresospecialthatIwoulddo______Icantosavethem.A.whateverB.that

C.which

D.whichever7.Hemadeapromise______anyonesethimfreehewouldmakehimveryrich.A.thatB.if

C.what

D.thatif8.______wecan'tgetseemsbetterthan______wehave.A.What;whatB.What;that

C.That;that

D.That;what9.Eat______cakeyoulikeandleavetheothersfor______comesinlate.A.any;whoB.every;whoever

C.whichever;whoever

D.either;whoever10.Ihavenoidea______wecandowiththesewastematerials.A..thatB.what

C.whether

D.how六、答案（一）引導(dǎo)詞的選擇1.A。whether...ornot為固定搭配，賓語從句用陳述句語序。2.B。介詞后只能用whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句。3.A。whichclass表示“哪個班級”。4.A。根據(jù)下文“He'llhelpuswithourEnglish”可知，上文是不知道他來的原因。5.A。hear后面接賓語從句，what在從句中作said的賓語。6.C。第一空問地址用what；第二空表示不確定是哪一個，用which。7.B。在兩者之間選擇用which，賓語從句用陳述句語序。（二）賓語從句的語序1.D。賓語從句用陳述句語序，且主句是過去時，從句也用過去相關(guān)時態(tài)。2.C。賓語從句用陳述句語序，how引導(dǎo)賓語從句作interestedin的賓語。3.D。詢問年齡用howold，賓語從句用陳述句語序。4.B。主句是過去時，從句用過去相關(guān)時態(tài)，且賓語從句用陳述句語序。5.C。賓語從句用陳述句語序，“wherethenearestbankis”表示“最近的銀行在哪里”6.B?！皐hat'sthematter”在賓語從句中語序不變，且主句是過去時，從句用was。（三）賓語從句的時態(tài)1.A。yet常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。2.A?！癉ecember25isChristmasDay”是客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時。3.A。“地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)”是客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時。4.A?！拔覀兿敫嬖V你你已經(jīng)通過了考試”，強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，用現(xiàn)在完