中級(jí)英語語法專項(xiàng)練習(xí)引言中級(jí)英語語法是連接初級(jí)“基礎(chǔ)積累”與高級(jí)“邏輯表達(dá)”的關(guān)鍵橋梁。相較于初級(jí)階段的“形式記憶”，中級(jí)語法更強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯合理性與語境的準(zhǔn)確適配性。本文選取定語從句（非限制性與介詞+關(guān)系代詞）、虛擬語氣（混合時(shí)態(tài)與含蓄條件）、非謂語動(dòng)詞（分詞作狀語與獨(dú)立主格）、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測用法（現(xiàn)在/過去/將來）四大核心難點(diǎn)，通過“語法要點(diǎn)回顧—專項(xiàng)練習(xí)—答案解析”的結(jié)構(gòu)化設(shè)計(jì)，幫助學(xué)習(xí)者實(shí)現(xiàn)“規(guī)則理解—場景運(yùn)用—錯(cuò)誤規(guī)避”的閉環(huán)提升。一、定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：非限制性與介詞+關(guān)系代詞1.語法要點(diǎn)回顧非限制性定語從句：①用逗號(hào)與主句隔開，修飾整個(gè)句子或特定先行詞（多為事物）；②不能用`that`引導(dǎo)，需用`which`（指物）或`who/whom`（指人）；例：*Themovie,whichIwatchedlastnight,wasverymoving.*（修飾先行詞`themovie`）*Shewontheprize,whichsurprisedeveryone.*（修飾整個(gè)主句）介詞+關(guān)系代詞：①介詞取決于先行詞的搭配或從句動(dòng)詞的固定短語；②指物用`which`，指人用`whom`（不能用`who`）；例：*ThehouseinwhichIlivedbeforeisnowamuseum.*（`liveinthehouse`）*ThepersonwithwhomItalkedyesterdayismycolleague.*（`talkwithsb.`）2.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)請(qǐng)從A、B、C、D中選擇正確答案：（1）Thebook,______coverisblue,belongstomysister.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.who（2）Thecity______Iwasbornisfamousforitstemples.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when（3）Mr.Smith,______wemetattheparty,isadoctor.A.thatB.whomC.whichD.whose（4）Thesong______wedancedlastnightwasverypopular.A.towhichB.whichC.thatD.withwhichA.whoB.whichC.whoseD.that3.答案解析（1）C（`whose`修飾`cover`，表示“書的封面”，非限制性定語從句中不能用`that`）；（2）A（`where`=“inwhich”，指代先行詞`thecity`，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語）；（3）B（`whom`作`met`的賓語，非限制性定語從句中用`whom`指人）；（4）A（`dancetothesong`是固定搭配，介詞`to`提前，用`towhich`）；（5）C（`whose`修飾`CEO`，表示“公司的CEO”，符合非限制性定語從句的用法）。二、虛擬語氣專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：混合時(shí)態(tài)與含蓄條件1.語法要點(diǎn)回顧混合時(shí)態(tài)虛擬語氣：當(dāng)`if`從句與主句描述的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，需調(diào)整時(shí)態(tài)：①從句（過去）：`haddone`；主句（現(xiàn)在）：`would/could/mightdo`；例：*IfIhadstudiedharderincollege,Iwouldhaveabetterjobnow.*（過去沒努力→現(xiàn)在工作不好）②從句（現(xiàn)在）：`did/were`；主句（過去）：`would/could/mighthavedone`；例：*IfIwereyou,Iwouldhaveacceptedthatoffer.*（現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)→過去的結(jié)果）含蓄條件句：用`without/butfor/otherwise/or`等詞代替`if`從句，表達(dá)“如果沒有……”：例：*Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedtheexam.*（=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme...）2.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)請(qǐng)用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空：（1）IfI______（know）thetruth,Iwouldhavetoldyouearlier.（2）Shewishesshe______（be）tallerthan1.6meters.（3）Butfortherain,we______（go）totheparkyesterday.（4）Ifhe______（study）hardnow,hewouldpasstheexamnextmonth.（5）I______（call）youyesterdayifIhadhadyournumber.3.答案解析（1）hadknown（從句與過去事實(shí)相反，用過去完成時(shí)）；（2）were（`wish`后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣，`be`動(dòng)詞統(tǒng)一用`were`）；（3）wouldhavegone（`butfor`表示含蓄條件，與過去事實(shí)相反，主句用`wouldhavedone`）；（4）studied（從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，用一般過去時(shí)；主句與將來事實(shí)相反，用`woulddo`）；（5）wouldhavecalled（`if`從句與過去事實(shí)相反，主句用`wouldhavedone`）。三、非謂語動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)練習(xí)：分詞作狀語與獨(dú)立主格1.語法要點(diǎn)回顧分詞作狀語：①邏輯主語必須與句子主語一致；②現(xiàn)在分詞（`doing`）表示主動(dòng)/進(jìn)行；過去分詞（`done`）表示被動(dòng)/完成；例：*Walkinginthepark,Isawacutedog.*（`I`是`walking`的邏輯主語，主動(dòng)）*Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thecitylooksbeautiful.*（`thecity`是`seen`的邏輯主語，被動(dòng)）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)分詞的邏輯主語與句子主語不一致時(shí)，需在分詞前添加獨(dú)立主語，構(gòu)成“名詞/代詞+分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)：例：*Timepermitting,wewillstayforanotherhour.*（`time`是`permitting`的邏輯主語，與句子主語`we`不一致）*Themeetingfinished,everyonelefttheroom.*（`themeeting`是`finished`的邏輯主語）2.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)請(qǐng)從A、B、C、D中選擇正確答案：（1）______theletter,shebegantocry.A.ReadB.ReadingC.ToreadD.Readed（2）______bytheteacher,Tomfeltveryproud.A.PraisingB.PraisedC.TopraiseD.Praise（3）Theweather______,wedecidedtogoforapicnic.A.beingfineB.fineC.isfineD.wasfine（4）______theproblem,heaskedhisfriendforhelp.A.NotunderstandingB.NotunderstoodC.NottounderstandD.Notunderstand（5）______intherain,myclothesgotwet.A.CaughtB.CatchingC.TocatchD.Catch3.答案解析（1）B（`reading`的邏輯主語是`she`，主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語）；（2）B（`praised`的邏輯主語是`Tom`，被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞作原因狀語）；（3）A（獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，`theweather`是`beingfine`的邏輯主語，與句子主語`we`不一致）；（4）A（`notunderstanding`的邏輯主語是`he`，主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式作原因狀語）；（5）A（`caught`的邏輯主語是`myclothes`，被動(dòng)關(guān)系（“被雨淋”），用過去分詞作方式狀語）。四、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測用法：現(xiàn)在、過去、將來1.語法要點(diǎn)回顧現(xiàn)在推測：①肯定：`mustbe`（一定是，可能性≥90%）；②否定：`can'tbe`（不可能是，可能性≤10%）；③不確定：`could/may/mightbe`（可能是，可能性30%-70%）；例：*Hemustbetired—heworkedallnight.*（肯定推測）*Shecan'tbeathome—hercarisgone.*（否定推測）過去推測：①肯定：`musthavedone`（一定做了）；②否定：`can'thavedone`（不可能做了）；③不確定：`could/may/mighthavedone`（可能做了）；例：*Theymusthavearrivedbynow—theirflightwasontime.*（過去肯定推測）*Shecan'thaveforgottenyourbirthday—shewroteitdown.*（過去否定推測）將來推測：用`could/may/might`+動(dòng)詞原形（可能會(huì)）；例：*Itmayraintomorrow—takeanumbrella.*（將來可能性推測）2.專項(xiàng)練習(xí)請(qǐng)從A、B、C、D中選擇正確答案：（1）He______beintheofficenow—hiscoatisstillhere.A.mustB.can'tC.mayD.might（2）She______havemissedthebus—she'salwaysontime.A.mustn'tB.can'tC.shouldn'tD.wouldn't（3）They______bewaitingforusatthestation—let'shurry.A.mustB.canC.mayD.might（4）He______havestudiedhard—hegotanAintheexam.A.mustB.canC.mayD.might（5）Thephoneisringing—who______itbe?A.mustB.canC.mayD.might3.答案解析（1）A（`hiscoatisstillhere`是肯定證據(jù)，用`mustbe`表示現(xiàn)在肯定推測）；（2）B（`she'salwaysontime`是否定證據(jù)，用`can'thavedone`表示過去否定推測）；（3）D（`let'shurry`表示不確定的擔(dān)心，用`might`表示將來可能性較小的推測）；（4）A（`gotanA`是肯定證據(jù)，用`musthave