專題01閱讀理解“長(zhǎng)難句克星”：主干提取三步法+觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度詞庫(kù)內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)+高考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識(shí)點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升復(fù)習(xí)提升：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破考點(diǎn)一考點(diǎn)一細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查長(zhǎng)難句（20242025高二上·浙江六校聯(lián)盟·期中）Inthevastanddiverseworldofanimals,thereexistsoddgesturesthatoftenleaveushumanspuzzledandamazed.Thesegestures,whichmayseemstrangeorunusualtous,areactuallyfascinatingglimpsesintotheuniquebehaviorsandmunicationstylesofourpets.Animalswantourattention,andsometimesthey’requiteobviousaboutaskingforit.Oddgestureareoftenourpets’wayoftellingustostopwhatwe’redoingandplaywiththem.It’swhyFidoconstantlyfollowshistailandwhyKittykeepsrollingaround.Anextremelyboredpetmaychoose“bad”behaviorstocauseareaction!Sure,yourdoglovesyou,butthat’snotwhyhe’slicking(舔)yourface.Alittledoglearnstolickhismother’smouthtoobtainalittlefood,soSpotisn’tkissingyouinoursenseoftheword;hejustwantsasnack.Catownersalsomisinterprettheirpets’kisses.Whileacatmightlickyoutoshowlove,sometimesshe’lldoittofortherself.Onewaytotellifherlickingisstressrelatediswhetheritgoesonforalongperiodoftime.Atsomepointyou’veprobablytoldthesewordstosomeonewhomadeyouangry.Dogsthinksimilarly,avoidingeyecontactwithanyonewhoinjurestheirfeelings.Anothersignofanger:yawning(打哈欠).Ayawningdogmaynotbetiredbutanxious,notboredbutstressed.Similarly,liplicking—whenthereisn’tfoodaroundtobringaboutit—isanothersignofthreat.Youmightthinkyourdogisrunningaroundthebackyard,havingthetimeofhislifewhileyou’reaway.Buttherealityisthathe’smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotforhours,waitingforyoutoreturnwithanxiety.Dogsactuallyprefertobeinside,ideallywiththeirowners.1．Ifadogintendstoeatfood,whichactionwillittake?A．Itstretchesitslegs,yawning.B．Itmakesaneyecontactwithitsowner.C．Itlicksitsowner’sfacewithasofttongue.D．Itrunsaroundthebackyard,followingitstail.2．Whatdowelearnaboutthegestureifacatconstantlykissesitself?A．Itfeelsamused. B．Itfeelsstressed.C．Itfeelsangry. D．Itfeelstired.3．Whenthedogsitsforalongtimewithoutmoving，itreveals________.A．thedogiseagerlyawaitingyourreturn B．thedogdisplaysasignoftirednessC．thedogisextremelyboredtoplaywithyou D．thedogdisplaysasignofembarrassment思路點(diǎn)撥：細(xì)節(jié)理解題與長(zhǎng)難句1.1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Sure,yourdoglovesyou,butthat’snotwhyhe’slickingyourface.Alittledoglearnstolickhismother’smouthtoobtainalittlefood,soSpotisn’tkissingyouinoursenseoftheword;hejustwantsasnack.(當(dāng)然，你的狗愛(ài)你，但它舔你的臉并不是這個(gè)原因。小狗通過(guò)舔母親的嘴來(lái)獲得一點(diǎn)食物，所以Spot(狗名)并不是在按照我們的定義親吻你；它只是想要零食)”可知，如果狗想吃東西，它會(huì)用柔軟的舌頭舔主人的臉。故選C。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Catownersalsomisinterprettheirpets’kisses.Whileacatmightlickyoutoshowlove,sometimesshe’lldoittofortherself.Onewaytotellifherlickingisstressrelatediswhetheritgoesonforalongperiodoftime.(貓主人也誤解了他們寵物的親吻。雖然貓可能會(huì)舔你來(lái)表達(dá)愛(ài)意，但有時(shí)候它這樣做是為了讓自己平靜下來(lái)。一個(gè)判斷她的舔舐是否與壓力有關(guān)的方法是看這種行為是否會(huì)持續(xù)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間)”可知，如果貓長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地舔自己，可能是因?yàn)樗械綁毫?。故選B。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Buttherealityisthathe’smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotforhours,waitingforyoutoreturnwithanxiety.(但現(xiàn)實(shí)是，它很可能只是在一個(gè)地方坐上幾個(gè)小時(shí)，焦慮地等待你回來(lái))”可知，當(dāng)狗長(zhǎng)時(shí)間坐著不動(dòng)時(shí)，它實(shí)際上是在急切地等待你回來(lái)。故選A。。1.C1.2.B3.A3.A【長(zhǎng)難句分析】Buttherealityisthathe’smostlikelyjustsittinginonespotforhours,waitingforyoutoreturnwithanxiety.句子分析：主干結(jié)構(gòu)：Buttherealityisthat...（但現(xiàn)實(shí)是……）1.主語(yǔ)thereality（“現(xiàn)實(shí)”，名詞短語(yǔ)）2.謂語(yǔ)is（系動(dòng)詞，連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)）3.表語(yǔ)（從句）引導(dǎo)詞：that（無(wú)實(shí)義）從句核心：he’ssitting（“他正坐著”，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)）修飾詞：mostlikely（副詞，“很可能”）just（副詞，“只是”）inonespot（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，“在一個(gè)地方”）forhours（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，“數(shù)小時(shí)”）伴隨動(dòng)作：waitingforyoutoreturnwithanxiety（“焦慮地等你回來(lái)”，現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明坐著時(shí)的狀態(tài)）翻譯：但現(xiàn)實(shí)是，它很可能只是在一個(gè)地方坐上幾個(gè)小時(shí)，焦慮地等待你回來(lái)。考點(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二推理判斷題與觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度（20242025高二上·廣東部分名?！て谥校㊣nrecentyears,anewtrendcalledbegpackinghasappearedinthetravelworld.Thistermisabinationofbeggingandbackpacking.Begpackersaretypicallysometouristswhotraveltoothercountries,andaskformoneyfromlocalstohelpsupporttheirtrips.Theycanbeseensittinginstreetswithsignswritteninthelocallanguage,askingformoneytofundtheirtravels.Somebegpackersplaymusicorsellhandmadeitemstogetmoney.Othersjustaskformoneywithoutgivinganythingbackinreturn.Whilebegpackingmightappeartobeaninnocentwayfortravelerstofundtheirtrips,it’sagainstthelawtoearnmoneyasatouristinmanycountries.Evenso,thisdoesn’tseemtostopbegpackersfromtrying.Andasaresult,it’scausedalotofcontroversial(有爭(zhēng)議的)discussion.“Ifyoucannotaffordtotravel,don’tdoit,letaloneasklocalstopayforit,”RobertRashidwroteinaMediumarticle.Rashid,ajournalistwholivesinSeoul,hasbeencalledthe“begpackerbuster”,andisknownforspeakingoutagainsttouristswhobegonthestreets.Heevenreportsthemtothepolice.Rashidsaidhebelievesbegpackingis“emotionalbribery(賄賂)”,andtakesadvantageofthegenerosityoflocals,someofwhommightbepoorthemselves.FilipinolawyerRaphaelPangalangansaidbegpackingisanexampleof“nationalityprivilege”—havingadvantagesbecauseofthecountryofyournationality.“Ifpeoplefrompoorercountriesweretotrybegpacking,”Pangalangansaid,“theywouldbequicklydeported(驅(qū)逐出境).”ButWillHattonfromthetravelwebsiteTheBrokeBackpackersaysbegpackingdoesn’thavetobeanegativething.HetoldCNNhedoesn’tsupportbegging,buthebelievespeoplewhoplaymusicorsellitemstofundtheirtravelsarebeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles.1．Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph1?A．Showtheauthor’spointofview.B．Makenecessaryparisonforthereaders.C．Offerbasicevidencestothetopic.D．Introduceanewphenomenonfordiscussion.2．WhatisRobertRashid’sattitudetowardsbegpacking?A．Objective. B．Disapproving. C．Admirable. D．Curious.3．Whatcanwelearnaboutbegpackingaccordingtothetext?A．It’sillegaltopracticebegpackingglobally.B．It’sacceptabletocollectmoneyfromgenerouslocals.C．Poorbegpackersaremorelikelytogethelp.D．Usingproperwaystofundisareasonablechoice.思路點(diǎn)撥：例題主要考查推理判斷題與觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度1.推理判斷題。第一段提到近年來(lái)，旅游界出現(xiàn)了一種新的趨勢(shì)，叫做背包乞討。由此可推知，作者在第一段打算引入一個(gè)新現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行討論。故選D項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中““Ifyoucannotaffordtotravel,don’tdoit,letaloneasklocalstopayforit,”RobertRashidwroteinaMediumarticle.(“如果你負(fù)擔(dān)不起旅行費(fèi)用，那就不要去，更不用說(shuō)讓當(dāng)?shù)厝烁跺X了，”羅伯特·拉希德在Medium網(wǎng)站的一篇文章中寫道。)”可推知，羅伯特·拉希德對(duì)背包行乞的態(tài)度是不贊成的。故選B項(xiàng)。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“HetoldCNNhedoesn’tsupportbegging,buthebelievespeoplewhoplaymusicorsellitemstofundtheirtravelsarebeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles.(他告訴CNN，他不支持乞討，但他相信那些通過(guò)播放音樂(lè)或出售物品來(lái)為旅行籌集資金的人是勇敢的，他們?cè)谔剿髁硪环N生活方式。)”可知，我們可以了解到使用適當(dāng)?shù)姆绞絹?lái)籌集資金是一個(gè)合理的選擇。故選D項(xiàng)。答案1.D2.B3.D【長(zhǎng)難句分析】HetoldCNNhedoesn’tsupportbegging,buthebelievespeoplewhoplaymusicorsellitemstofundtheirtravelsarebeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles.一、整體結(jié)構(gòu)句子類型：并列復(fù)合句（由but連接兩個(gè)分句）核心框架：分句1+but+分句2二、分句1：HetoldCNNhedoesn’tsupportbegging主語(yǔ)：He（代詞，“他”）謂語(yǔ)：told（及物動(dòng)詞，“告訴”）間接賓語(yǔ)：CNN（機(jī)構(gòu)名稱，“美國(guó)有線電視新聞網(wǎng)”）直接賓語(yǔ)（從句）：hedoesn’tsupportbegging引導(dǎo)詞：that（省略，口語(yǔ)中常見）從句主語(yǔ)：he從句謂語(yǔ)：doesn’tsupport（否定式，“不支持”）從句賓語(yǔ)：begging（動(dòng)名詞，“乞討”）三、分句2：buthebelievespeople...arebeingbrave...轉(zhuǎn)折連詞：but（連接兩個(gè)分句，表轉(zhuǎn)折）主語(yǔ)：he（代詞，與前句主語(yǔ)一致）謂語(yǔ)：believes（及物動(dòng)詞，“認(rèn)為”）賓語(yǔ)（從句）：peoplewho...arebeingbraveandexploring...引導(dǎo)詞：that（省略）從句主語(yǔ)：people定語(yǔ)從句（修飾people）：whoplaymusicorsellitemstofundtheirtravels引導(dǎo)詞：who（指代people，作主語(yǔ)）并列謂語(yǔ)：playmusic/sellitems目的狀語(yǔ)：tofundtheirtravels（不定式，“為旅行籌資”）從句謂語(yǔ)（主從句）：arebeingbraveandexploringalternativelifestyles并列結(jié)構(gòu)：arebeingbrave（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表狀態(tài)，“表現(xiàn)得勇敢”）andexploringalternativelifestyles（與前項(xiàng)并列，“探索另類生活方式”）翻譯：他告訴CNN，他不支持乞討，但他相信那些通過(guò)播放音樂(lè)或出售物品來(lái)為旅行籌集資金的人是勇敢的，他們?cè)谔剿髁硪环N生活方式?？键c(diǎn)考點(diǎn)三詞義猜測(cè)題（20242025高二上·重慶七?！て谥校㊣soldoneofmycarsandswitchedtoanebikeoneyearago.IknewthatIwasdoingsomethinggoodfortheplanet.ButIstillviewedgivingupmycarassomethingreservedforthedeeplymittedandadventurous,somethingthatGreenpeacevolunteersdidtomaketheworldbetter.However,IliveinColorado;ebikewouldmeanfreezinginthewinterandsweatinginthesummer.Itwastherightthingtodo,Ithought,butitwasnotgoingtobefun.Iwasverywrong.Beforesellingmycar,Iworriedmostaboutridinginthecoldwintermonths.ButIquicklylearnedthat,asthesayinggoes,thereisnobadweather,onlybadclothes.Iweargloves,warmsocksandaskijacketwhenIride,andIamalmostnevertoocold.ThoughI,likemanywouldbecyclists,wasworriedaboutarrivingattheofficesweatyinhottermonths,theebikesolvedmyproblem.Evenwhentherewas35degreesCelsiusoutside,Ididn’tsweat,thankstomybike’spedalassistmode(腳踏輔助模式).IfIamhonest,sometimesIdidn’tevenpedal;Ijustswitchedtopedalassistmode,satbackandenjoyedmyride.Butbikingtoworkwasn’tjustnotunpleasant—itwasentirelyenjoyable.Oneday,shortlyaftersellingourcar,Ihoppedon(跳上)mybikeafterastressfuldayatworkandrodehomedownastreetedgedwithchangingfallleaves.IfeltmoreconnectedtothephysicalenvironmentaroundmethanIhadwhenI’dtraveledthesameroutesurroundedbymetalandglass.Ihavetosay,thissensationmademehappierandhealthier.Ofcourse,ebikesaren’tgoingtoreplaceeverycaroneverytrip.Inacountrywhereuncontrolledstretchingofsuburbsandmallsandunprotectedbikepathsarethenorm,it’sunrealistictoexpectebikestoreplacecarsinthewaythattheModelT(福特公司第一款大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的汽車)replacedhorses.Butasanindividual,makingshorttripsonanebikewouldsavemoney,cutcarbonfootprints,andimprovehealthandwellbeing.4．Whatdidtheauthororiginallythinkoflettinggoofhiscar?A．Ahealthymove. B．Adifficultchoice.C．Acallofduty. D．Acrowddrivendecision.5．Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheactualexperienceofridingtowork?A．Confused. B．Embarrassed. C．Anxious. D．Amazed.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thissensation”inparagraph4referto?A．Interestinexploringnewroutes. B．Desiretoheadhomefaster.C．Relieffromworkpressure. D．Loveforexposuretonature.思路點(diǎn)撥：例題主要考查詞義猜測(cè)題。4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Isoldoneofmycarsandswitchedtoanebikeoneyearago.IknewthatIwasdoingsomethinggoodfortheplanet.ButIstillviewedgivingupmycarassomethingreservedforthedeeplymittedandadventurous,somethingthatGreenpeacevolunteersdidtomaketheworldbetter.However,IliveinColorado;ebikewouldmeanfreezinginthewinterandsweatinginthesummer.Itwastherightthingtodo,Ithought,butitwasnotgoingtobefun.(一年前，我賣掉了一輛汽車，換上了一輛電動(dòng)自行車。我知道我在為地球做些好事。但我仍然認(rèn)為，放棄我的汽車是那些獻(xiàn)身精神和冒險(xiǎn)精神的人的事情，是綠色和平組織的志愿者為了讓世界變得更美好而做的事情。然而，我住在科羅拉多州；騎電動(dòng)自行車意味著冬天挨凍，夏天大汗淋漓。我想，這樣做是對(duì)的，但這不會(huì)很有趣)”可知，科羅拉多州的氣候不適合騎電動(dòng)自行車，會(huì)讓人受累。由此可知，作者原本認(rèn)為放棄他的汽車是一個(gè)艱難的選擇。故選B項(xiàng)。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Iweargloves,warmsocksandaskijacketwhenIride,andIamalmostnevertoocold.(我騎車時(shí)戴手套，穿暖和的襪子和滑雪服，所以我?guī)缀鯊牟挥X(jué)得太冷)”、第三段中“ThoughI,likemanywouldbecyclists,wasworriedaboutarrivingattheofficesweatyinhottermonths,theebikesolvedmyproblem.(雖然我和許多想騎自行車的人一樣，擔(dān)心在炎熱的月份上班時(shí)汗流浹背，但電動(dòng)自行車解決了我的問(wèn)題)”和第四段中“Butbikingtoworkwasn’tjustnotunpleasant—itwasentirelyenjoyable.(但是騎自行車上班不僅沒(méi)有不愉快，而且完全是一種享受)”可知，作者原本擔(dān)心的受凍、流汗的問(wèn)題幾乎不存在，相反，騎自行車還帶來(lái)了享受。由此可知，作者對(duì)騎車上班的實(shí)際經(jīng)歷感到驚嘆。故選D項(xiàng)。6．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線部分的上文“IfeltmoreconnectedtothephysicalenvironmentaroundmethanIhadwhenI’dtraveledthesameroutesurroundedbymetalandglass.(我感覺(jué)自己與周圍的自然環(huán)境更緊密地聯(lián)系在一起，而不是走在被金屬和玻璃包圍的同一條路線上)”可推知，“這種感覺(jué)”指的是前面描述的對(duì)接觸自然的喜愛(ài)。故選D項(xiàng)。答案4．B5．D6．D考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)四主旨大意題（20242025高二上·廣東深圳三校聯(lián)考·期中）Thecliche(陳詞濫調(diào))ofaknitterisawhitehairedlady.Butinthe1940s,youngmaleRoyalAirForcepilotsusedneedlesastheywaitedfortheirnextmission.Wartimepilotscrashedalotand“l(fā)apcrafts”likeknitting,helpedrebuildflexibilityinwoundedlimbswhilealsohelpingtosettlewoundedminds.Theywerethefoundationofearlyoccupationaltherapy(治療).Today,millionsofpeoplearoundtheworldemploythesesametechniques.“Theyarecloselyassociatedwithourmentalhealth,”saysJanineSmith,theownerofastorethatsellssuppliesforknittingandcrocheting(用鉤針編制).“IknowthatifIhaven’tknittedforafewdays,Ireallymissit.It’slikemeditation.”PhysiotherapistBetsanCorkhillandoccupationaltherapistJillRileywerepartofateamfromCardiffUniversitythat,tenyearsago,surveyedmorethan3,500knittersandfoundthatthemorefrequentlypeopleknitted,thecalmerandhappiertheyfelt.Inreality,itisa“Flow”,whichisaconceptfirstnamedbypsychologistMihalyCsikszentmihalyiashewroteinhisbook,“Thebestmomentsinourlivesarenotthepassive,receptive,relaxingtimes.Thebestmomentsusuallyoccurifaperson’sbodyormindisstretchedtoitslimitsinavoluntaryefforttoacplishsomethingdifficultandworthwhile.”ShaunaRichardsonknowsjusthowtruethisis.Theartistspent18monthsinastateofflowwhenshecrochetedthreesevenmetrelonglionsforthe2012CulturalOlympiad.Topletethetask,whichrequirednearly38milesofwool,shesaysshehadto“zoneeverythingoutandsustainastateofminddrivenbyrhythmandprocess.”Butsmallerprojectswillalsogetyouthere.Evenasimpleknittingorcrochetpatternrequiresattentivenesstoensurethateachstitchismadecorrectly.Andifthere’snotenoughchallengeinthestraightforward,youcanmakeadditions,fromcolourchangestotexturedstitchestohighlyplicatedpatterns.TheCardiffresearchteamfoundthateventhoughmostofthepeoplesurveyedwereemployed,threequartersofthosewhoknittedthreeormoretimesaweekfeltsignificantlymoreabletoorganisetheirthoughtsandforgettheirproblems.1．Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A．ActiveHands,CalmMinds. B．UniqueTherapy,EffectiveHealing.C．SpecialTechniques,OrganizedThoughts. D．SimpleKnitting,StrongBody.思路點(diǎn)撥：例題主要考查主旨大意題1．主旨大意題。通讀全文，重點(diǎn)結(jié)合文章第三段“PhysiotherapistBetsanCorkhillandoccupationaltherapistJillRileywerepartofateamfromCardiffUniversitythat,tenyearsago,surveyedmorethan3,500knittersandfoundthatthemorefrequentlypeopleknitted,thecalmerandhappiertheyfelt.(物理治療師貝特森·科克希爾和職業(yè)治療師吉爾·萊利是卡迪夫大學(xué)一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的成員。十年前，該團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)3500多名編織者進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)人們編織的頻率越高，感覺(jué)就越平靜和快樂(lè)。)”可知，文章主要介紹了編織活動(dòng)對(duì)人們心理健康的積極影響，包括讓人心情平靜、進(jìn)入“心流”狀態(tài)。故A選項(xiàng)“ActiveHands,CalmMinds(靈巧的雙手，平靜的心靈)”準(zhǔn)確概括了文章主旨，是最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。。答案1．APassage01（20242025·廣東八校聯(lián)盟·高二上教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)）“Who’sagoodreader?It’syou,isn’tit?”Thisisatypicalexampleof“parentese(父母語(yǔ))”.Recentresearchsuggeststhatparentsspeakingparentesetotheirbabiescangivethebabies’languagedevelopmentaseriousboost.Inthestudy,researchersfoundthatteachingparentshowtospeakproperparenteseenhancedtheirabilitytomunicatewiththeirbabies—andevenimprovedthechildren’slongtermlanguageskills.Parenteseisdistinctfromconventionalbabytalk,whichmostlyreliesonsillysoundsandmadeupwords.Inthe1960s,scientistsstudyingspeechpatternsacrossdifferentlanguagesnoticedauniquestylethatadultsusedaddressingyoungchildren.Thislanguagewascharacterizedbysimplewordsandgrammar,highpitch(音調(diào))andamuchslowerspeed.Thebabydirectedspeechwasfirstnamed“motherese”beforeitwascalled“parentese”.Laterresearchshowedparenteseisgrammaticallycorrect,withrealwordsandphrases,whichhelpedbabiesdifferentiatebetweenwordsandprocesswhatwasbeingsaid.“We’veknownforsometimethatuseofparenteseisassociatedwithimprovedlanguageoutes,butwedidn’tknowwhy,”saysPatriciaK.Kuhl,thenewresearch’sseniorauthor.ButKuhlthinksthenewresearchsuggestswhyparentesehelpsbabieslearnlanguageskills.“Wenowthinkparenteseworksbecauseit’sasocialattractionforthebabybrain,”shesays.“Itshighpitchandslowerspeedaresociallyengagingandinvitethebabytorespond.”All71familiesinthenewstudyhadtheirchildrenequippedwithaspecialcoatwithanaudiorecorderbuiltin.Duringfourseparateweekendswhenthebabieswere6,10,14and18monthsold,theresearchersrecordedalloftheinteractionsbetweenfamilymembersandthebabies.The48familieswhowererandomlyselectedforacourseinparenteselearnedaboutwaystoincludemoreparenteseinconversation.Andeventhoughalloftheparticipatingfamiliesusedsomeformofparenteseatthestartofthestudy,thebabiesofparentswhoreceivedcoachingshowedthemostimprovementsintheirconversationskills.Beyondthat,thosebabieshada100wordvocabularyparedwiththecontrolgroup,whoonlyknew60wordsat18months.8．Whichaspectofthenewstudydoesparagraph1focuson?A．Itsaim. B．Itsresult. C．Itsprocedure. D．Itsparticipants.9．Whatdidscientistsfindaboutparenteseinthe1960s?A．Itwaseasytofollow. B．Itwasuniquetomothers.C．Itwasfullofmadeupwords. D．Itwassimilartotraditionalbabytalk.10．WhatdoesKuhlsayaboutparentese?A．Itinspiresbabiestospeakmore. B．Ithasshorttermeffectsonbabies.C．Itteachesbabiesmoresocialskills. D．Ithelpsbabiesdifferentiatewordsandphrases.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“coaching”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Casualadviceorguidance. B．Formaltrainingorinstruction.C．Observationwithoutintervention. D．Emotionalsupportwithoutpracticalhelp.【答案】8．B9．A10．A11．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了最新的研究表明，父母對(duì)嬰兒說(shuō)的父母語(yǔ)有助于嬰兒語(yǔ)言的發(fā)展。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Recentresearchsuggeststhatparentsspeakingparentesetotheirbabiescangivethebabies'languagedevelopmentaseriousboost.Inthestudy,researchersfoundthatteachingparentshowtospeakproperparenteseenhancedtheirabilitytomunicatewiththeirbabies—andevenimprovedthechildren’slongtermlanguageskills.(最近的研究表明，父母對(duì)孩子說(shuō)父母話可以大大促進(jìn)孩子的語(yǔ)言發(fā)展。在這項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，教父母如何說(shuō)正確的父母語(yǔ)可以提高他們與孩子溝通的能力，甚至可以提高孩子的長(zhǎng)期語(yǔ)言技能)”可知，第一段主要關(guān)注的是研究的結(jié)果，即教父母如何說(shuō)正確的“父母語(yǔ)”可以增強(qiáng)他們與嬰兒溝通的能力，甚至提高孩子的長(zhǎng)期語(yǔ)言技能。故選B。9．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inthe1960s,scientistsstudyingspeechpatternsacrossdifferentlanguagesnoticedauniquestylethatadultsusedaddressingyoungchildren.Thislanguagewascharacterizedbysimplewordsandgrammar,highpitch(音調(diào))andamuchslowerspeed.(在20世紀(jì)60年代，研究不同語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)言模式的科學(xué)家注意到，成年人對(duì)幼兒的稱呼有一種獨(dú)特的風(fēng)格。這種語(yǔ)言的特點(diǎn)是單詞和語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)單，音調(diào)高，語(yǔ)速慢得多)”可推知，20世紀(jì)60年代，父母對(duì)幼兒說(shuō)的話的特點(diǎn)是單詞和語(yǔ)法簡(jiǎn)單，說(shuō)話速度慢，故可推知，20世紀(jì)60年代的父母語(yǔ)很容易聽懂。故選A。10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“‘Wenowthinkparenteseworksbecauseit'sasocialattractionforthebabybrain,’shesays.‘Itshighpitchandslowerspeedaresociallyengagingandinvitethebabytorespond.’(‘我們現(xiàn)在認(rèn)為，父母語(yǔ)之所以有效，是因?yàn)樗鼘?duì)嬰兒的大腦是一種社會(huì)吸引力，’她說(shuō)?！母咭粽{(diào)和較慢的速度具有社交吸引力，并邀請(qǐng)嬰兒做出回應(yīng)?！?”可知，Kuhl認(rèn)為父母語(yǔ)是有用的，它邀請(qǐng)嬰兒積極做出回應(yīng)，因此可以鼓勵(lì)嬰兒說(shuō)話。故選A。11．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段中“The48familieswhowererandomlyselectedforacourseinparenteselearnedaboutwaystoincludemoreparenteseinconversation.(隨機(jī)選擇的48個(gè)家庭參加了父母語(yǔ)課程，學(xué)習(xí)了如何在談話中更多地使用父母語(yǔ))”可知，48個(gè)家庭被隨機(jī)選中參加了一個(gè)關(guān)于“parentese”的課程，并學(xué)習(xí)了如何在對(duì)話中更多地使用這種語(yǔ)言方式，而那些接受了指導(dǎo)的父母的孩子在對(duì)話技能上表現(xiàn)出了最大的進(jìn)步。因此，coaching在這里指的是提供關(guān)于特定技能或主題的正式培訓(xùn)或指導(dǎo)。故選B。Passage02（20242025·安徽十校聯(lián)考·高二上1月聯(lián)考）Itisamonviewthat“Necessityisthemotherofinvention”.Thatis,inventionssupposedlyarisewhenasocietyhasanunfulfilledneed.Quiteafewinventionsdofitinthiscategory.Forexample,in1794EliWhitneyinventedcottongins(軋棉機(jī))toreplacelaborioushandcleaningofcottongrownintheU.S.South.Suchfamiliarexamplesfoolusintoassumingthatothermajorinventionswerealsoresponsestoperceivedneeds.Infact,mostinventionsweredevelopedbypeopledrivenbycuriosityorbyaloveoftinkering(搗鼓).Onceadevicehadbeeninvented,theinventorthenhadtofindanapplicationforit.Onlyafterithadbeeninuseforaconsiderabletimedidconsumersetofeelthatthey“needed”it.Thus,inventionisoftenthemotherofnecessity,ratherthanviceversa.Agoodexampleisthehistoryofthemotorvehiclewhichwasnotinventedinresponsetoanydemand.WhenNikolausOttobuilthisfirstgasenginein1866,itwasweak,heavy,andsevenfeettall.Thirtyyearslater,hebuiltthefirsttruck.Butitwasatimewhenhorsewagonsandsteampoweredrailroadsdominatedtransportation.PubliccontentmentwiththesetwomeansremainedhighuntilWorldWarIwhenthearmiesconcludedthattheyreallydidneedtrucks,whicheventuallymadethosevehiclesasubstituteforhorsedrawnwagonsinindustrializedcountries.Inventorsoftenhavetoinsistontheirtinkeringforalongtimeintheabsenceofpublicdemand,becauseearlymodelsperformtoopoorlytobeuseful.Forinstance,thefirstcameras,typewriters,andtelevisionsetswereasawfulasOtto’ssevenfoottallgasengine.Thatmakesitdifficultforaninventortoforeseewhetherhisorherawfulprototypemighteventuallyfindauseandthusinvestmoretimeandexpensetodevelopit.Eveninventionsthatmeettheneedforwhichtheywereinitiallydesignedmaylaterprovemorevaluableatmeetingunforeseenneeds.WhileJamesWattdesignedhissteamenginetopumpwaterfrommines,itsoonwassupplyingpowertocottonmills,then(withmuchgreaterprofit)drivingtrainsandboats.28．WhyisEliWhitneymentionedbythewriterinthefirstparagraph?A．Tointroducethetopic. B．Todenyastatement.C．Toclarifyadoubt. D．Toillustrateaview.29．Whatledtothewideuseofmotorvehiclesaccordingtothetext?A．Theimprovementofengineperformance. B．TheendofWorldWarI.C．Theneedofthemilitaryduringwartime. D．Thedeclineofhorsedrawnwagons.30．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”refertointhelastparagraph?A．Absenceofpublicdemand. B．Badperformanceofearlymodels.C．Alackoftimeandexpense. D．Awfullooksofpreviousinventions.31．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．SocialNeed:theInnerDriveforInventionB．GreatInvention:theForceofSociety’sProgressC．BeyondNecessity:theCuriousPursuitofInventionD．GeneralApplication:theFinalPurposeofInvention【答案】28．D29．C30．B31．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章探討了傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識(shí)“需要是發(fā)明之母”的正確性，認(rèn)為發(fā)明往往超出了事先所認(rèn)定的需求，是出于好奇的一種探索追求。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itisamonviewthat“Necessityisthemotherofinvention”.Thatis,inventionssupposedlyarisewhenasocietyhasanunfulfilledneed.Quiteafewinventionsdofitinthiscategory.Forexample,in1794EliWhitneyinventedcottongins(軋棉機(jī))toreplacelaborioushandcleaningofcottongrownintheU.S.South.(人們普遍認(rèn)為“需要是發(fā)明之母”。也就是說(shuō)，當(dāng)一個(gè)社會(huì)有一種未被滿足的需求時(shí)，發(fā)明就會(huì)出現(xiàn)。相當(dāng)多的發(fā)明確實(shí)屬于這一類。例如，1794年，EliWhitney發(fā)明了軋棉機(jī)，以取代美國(guó)南部種植的棉花的手工清洗)”可知，以EliWhitney發(fā)明軋棉機(jī)為例，就是為了闡釋“需求是發(fā)明之母”這一觀點(diǎn)，所以是用其來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明觀點(diǎn)。故選D項(xiàng)。29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“PubliccontentmentwiththesetwomeansremainedhighuntilWorldWarIwhenthearmiesconcludedthattheyreallydidneedtrucks,whicheventuallymadethosevehiclesasubstituteforhorsedrawnwagonsinindustrializedcountries.(公眾對(duì)這兩種交通工具的滿意度一直很高，直到第一次世界大戰(zhàn)，軍隊(duì)得出結(jié)論，他們確實(shí)需要卡車，這最終使卡車成為工業(yè)化國(guó)家馬車的替代品)”可知，是軍隊(duì)的需要推動(dòng)了機(jī)動(dòng)車的流行。故選C項(xiàng)。30．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Inventorsoftenhavetopersistattheirtinkeringforalongtimeintheabsenceofpublicdemand,becauseearlymodelsperformtoopoorlytobeuseful.Forinstance,thefirstcameras,typewriters,andtelevisionsetswereasawfulasOtto’ssevenfoottallgasengine.Thatmakesitdifficultforaninventortoforeseewhetherhisorherawfulprototypemighteventuallyfindauseandthusinvestmoretimeandexpensetodevelopit.(在沒(méi)有公眾需求的情況下，發(fā)明家通常不得不長(zhǎng)時(shí)間堅(jiān)持他們的修理,因?yàn)樵缙谀Ｐ偷男阅芴疃鵁o(wú)法使用。例如，第一臺(tái)相機(jī)、打字機(jī)和電視機(jī)與Otto的7英尺高的燃?xì)獍l(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)一樣糟糕。這使得發(fā)明家很難預(yù)見他或她糟糕的原型最終是否會(huì)找到用途，從而投入更多的時(shí)間和費(fèi)用來(lái)開發(fā)它)”可知，That指代的就是前面提到的早期模型性能差這一情況。故選B項(xiàng)。31．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中“Itisamonviewthat“Necessityisthemotherofinvention”.(人們普遍認(rèn)為“需要是發(fā)明之母”)”以及第二段中“Thus,inventionisoftenthemotherofnecessity,ratherthanviceversa.(因此，發(fā)明往往是必要性之母,而不是反過(guò)來(lái))”以及最后一段中“Eveninventionsthatmeettheneedforwhichtheywereinitiallydesignedmaylaterprovemorevaluableatmeetingunforeseenneeds.WhileJamesWattdesignedhissteamenginetopumpwaterfrommines,itsoonwassupplyingpowertocottonmills,then(withmuchgreaterprofit)propellingtrainsandboats.(即使是滿足最初設(shè)計(jì)需求的發(fā)明，也可能在后來(lái)證明在滿足不可預(yù)見的需求方面更有價(jià)值。雖然詹姆斯·瓦特設(shè)計(jì)了他的蒸汽機(jī)從礦井中抽水，但它很快就為棉紡廠提供動(dòng)力，然后（利潤(rùn)更大）推動(dòng)火車和船只)”可知，本文強(qiáng)調(diào)發(fā)明往往超出了事先所認(rèn)定的需求，是出于好奇的一種探索追求。C選項(xiàng)“超越需求：對(duì)發(fā)明的好奇追求”能很好地概括文章主旨，故選C項(xiàng)。Passage03（20242025·河南豫北名?！じ叨?月聯(lián)考）Wavesofinnovationoftencreategiants.Artificialintelligence(AI)maywellbethenextbigtechnologicalshift,transformingthewayofbusinesses.FirmssellingthesoftwareandhardwarethatsupportAIwillgainalotofprofit.ButnoneisbetterpositionedthanNvidia,anAmericanfirmthatmakesspecialistAIchips.Itsmarketvaluebrieflypassed$1,000billionthisweek.WillNvidiaalwaysbeatechgiantinthisfield?Thehype(炒作)aroundAImakesthequestionhardtoanswer.ExcitementaboutNvidiabegantomountinNovember,afterthereleaseofChatGPT,anAIpoweredchatbot.SincethenmanykindsoffirmshavelaunchedAIproducts.Nvidiaisinanenviable(令人羨慕的)position.Itscorebusinessisdesigninghighperformancechips.Atfirstitsoldthesetovideogamelovers.ThechipswerealsohighlyefficientattrainingAImodels,andanew,boomingmarketemerged.Nvidiaalsohadtheforethoughttoinvestintwoareasthathelpedstrengthenitsdominance(支配地位).Oneisadvancednetworking.BecausetrainingAImodelsrequiresvastamountsofprocessingpower,manychips—sometimesthousands—areusedatthesametime.Thesechipsexchangedataalongahighperformance,AItailorednetwork.Nvidia’sotherstrengthisitssoftware.CUDA,itsAIplatform,ispopularwithprogrammersandrunsonlyonthepany’schips.Forinstance,bygivingfreeaccesstoitschipsandsoftwaretosomeAIresearchers,thefirmfocusedonencouragingdeveloperstouseitssoftwarelongbeforeitspetitorssetouttowoothem.Despitealltheseadvantages,however,Nvidia’slastingdominanceisnotassured.NewpaniesandbigchipmakerswantashareofNvidia’snetworkandchipbusinesses.Thebiggestchallenge,though,mayefromNvidia’sowncustomers.ThecloudputingarmsofbothAmazonandAlphabetaredesigningtheirownAItailoredchips.Bothhavethepotentialtobeefearsomepetitors.12．WhichofthefollowingmakesNvidiaenviableaccordingtothepassage?A．Thehypearoundartificialintelligence. B．ThereleaseofChatGPT.C．Theavailabilityofitschips. D．Thehighperformanceofitschips.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“woo”inparagraph5probablymean?A．Huntfor. B．Attendto. C．Approveof. D．Guardagainst.14．Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A．Nvidiawillloseitsdominancedefinitely. B．Nvidiashouldfurtherimproveitschips.C．AlphabethasweakenedNvidia’smarket. D．AmazonwilldefeatNvidiasoon.15．WhatdoestheauthorthinkofNvidia’sdominanceinthefuture?A．Unchallengeable.B．Uncertain. C．Predictable. D．Assured.【答案】12．D13．A14．B15．B