小升初語言知識運用小學常見的其他句型一、Therebe句型Therebe句型一般表示某地有某物或存在某物。Therebe句型以there引導，here本身沒有意義，后接be動詞的各種形式，可用于各種時態(tài)，例如:Thereisacatunderthetable.桌子下面有只貓。Therearetwentyboysinmyclass.我班里有20位男生。Therewasasmallbridgeheretenyearsago.十年前這里有座小橋。Therewerefifteenapplesonthetreejustnow.剛才這棵樹上有15個蘋果。Therewillbeafootballmatchinourschooltomorrow.明天在我們學校將有一場足球比賽。1.Therebe句型的肯定形式（1）Therebe句型的肯定形式結構:Therebe+名詞+其他成分。（2）Therebe句型中be動詞的單復數(shù)形式要跟后面的名詞單復數(shù)形式保持一致，并且根據(jù)就近原則來變化。①當后面接單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞時,be動詞用單數(shù)形式is或was,例如:Thereisatelephoneonthetable.桌上有個電話機。Thereissomemilkinthebottle.瓶子里有些牛奶。Therewasabookonthedeskjustnow.剛才桌子上有一本書。②當后面接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式時,be動詞用復數(shù)形式are或were,例如:Therearetwopairsofshoesunderthebed.床底下有兩雙鞋。Thereweresomesmallshopsnearourschooltwoyearsago.兩年前我們學校附近有些小商店。③當后面接多個并列名詞時，如果第一個名詞是單數(shù)，be動詞就用單數(shù)形式；如果第一個名詞是復數(shù)，be動詞則用復數(shù)形式，這就是所謂的“就近原則”，例如:Thereisanapple,twopearsandthreebananasinthebasket.籃子里有一只蘋果、兩只梨和三個香蕉。Therearethreebananas,twopearsandanappleinthebasket.籃子里有三個香蕉、兩只梨和一只蘋果。（3）Therebe句型中的名詞一般是泛指,名詞前通常用a,an,some,any,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,alotof等修飾;不用the,物主代詞或人名,例如:Thereisaboyintheclassroom.Thereistheboyintheclassroom.(×)ThereisMikeintheclassroom.Thereisherbookonthedesk.2.Therebe句型的否定形式（1）Therebe句型的否定形式的結構主要是:Therebe+not+名詞+其他成分，例如:①Thereissomemilkinthefridge.→Thereisn'tanymilkinthefridge.冰箱里沒有牛奶了。②Therewasabookonthedeskjustnow.→Therewasn'tabookonthedeskjustnow.剛才桌子上沒有一本書。③Therearesomeshoesunderthebed.→Therearen'tanyshoesunderthebed.床底下沒有鞋。④Therewerealotofsmallshopsnearourschooltwoyearsago.→Thereweren'tmanysmallshopsnearourschooltwoyearsago.兩年前我們學校附近沒有許多小商店。Therebe句型的另一種否定形式:在名詞前加no,例如:①Thereisnomilkinthefridge.②Therewasnobookonthedeskjustnow.③Therearenoshoesunderthebed.④Therewerenosmallshopsnearourschooltwoyearsago.（3）Therebe句型肯定形式中的some,alotof等詞不能用于therebe句型的否定句或一般疑問句中,要將它們相應地改成any,many或much,例如:①Thereisalotofapplejuiceinthefridge.→Thereisn'tmuchapplejuiceinthefridge.②Therearesomebooksontheshelf.→Therearen'tanybooksontheshelf.3.Therebe句型的疑問句（1）Therebe句型的一般疑問句，把be動詞移到there之前，位于句首，其結構為:Bethere+名詞+其他成分?回答:Yes,therebe./No,therebenot.例如:①Isthereanywaterintheglass?杯子里有水嗎?Yes,thereis./No,thereisn't.是的,有。/不,沒有。②WasthereanEnglishlectureyesterdayafternoon?昨天下午有沒有英語講座?Yes,therewas./No,therewasn't.一是的,有。/不,沒有。（2）Therebe句型的特殊疑問句①對名詞提問:What's+地點+其他成分?/Whatwas+地點+其他成分?Thereisapictureonthewall.→What'sonthewall?Therearesomeluckystarsinthebox.→What'sinthebox?Therewasasmallbridgeheretenyearsago.→Whatwasheretenyearsago?Thereweresomesmallshopsnearourschooltwoyearsago.→Whatwasnearourschooltwoyearsago?②對名詞的數(shù)量提問:Howmany+名詞復數(shù)形式+are/werethere+其他成分?例如:Thereisapictureonthewall.→Howmanypicturesarethereonthewall?Thereweretwoeggrollsontheplatejustnow.→Howmanyeggrollswerethereontheplatejustnow?典型例題對畫線部分提問:(1)Therearethreedollsonthebed.____________________________________________________正確答案What'sonthebed?解題思路對Therebe句型中的名詞提問用What's+地點+其他成分?Whatwas+地點+其他成分?這跟特殊疑問句的一般結構“疑問詞+一般疑問句語序?"有所不同,所以這題答案不要寫成Whatarethereonthebed?(2)TherewasanEnglishbookinthebookcase.____________________________________________________正確答案HowmanyEnglishbookswerethereinthebookcase?解題思路對Therebe句型中名詞的數(shù)量提問，它的句型是:Howmany+名詞復數(shù)形式+are/werethere+其他成分?盡管題目中的數(shù)量是an（一個），但在提問時不受其影響，howmany后面在任何情況下都是接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)形式，所以相應地跟上arethere或werethere。二、havegot/hasgot句型havegot/hasgot表示"某人擁有…",有時省略got,直接說have/has。1.havegot/hasgot的陳述句型(1)havegot/hasgot句型的肯定形式:sb.+havegot/hasgot+名詞①當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時用hasgot,例如:MaryhasgotsomeBarbiedolls.瑪麗有一些芭比娃娃。Tomhasgotanewyoyo.湯姆有一只新的溜溜球。Thetablehasgotfourlegs.這張桌子有四條腿。②當主語不是第三人稱單數(shù)時用havegot,例如:Ihavegottwobigeyes.我有兩只大眼睛。Theyhavegotalotofcandies.他們有很多糖果。LilyandLucyhavegotmanyclothes.麗麗和露茜有很多衣服。(2)havegot/hasgot句型的否定形式①havegot/hasgot句型的否定形式主要在have或has后面加not,其結構為:sb.+have/hasnotgot+名詞,例如:MaryhasgotsomeBarbiedolls.→Maryhasnot(=hasn't)gotanyBarbiedolls.Theyhavegotalotofcandies.→Theyhavenot(=haven't)gotmanycandies.注意:肯定句中的some和alotof在否定句和一般疑問句中要分別改成any和many或much。②另一種否定形式是在have/has后面加no，got在句中不出現(xiàn)，例如:Wehaveschooltoday.→Wehavenoschooltoday.Hehassomelessonstoday.→Hehasnolessonstoday.Ihavesomehomeworktodo.→Ihavenohomeworktodo.2.havegot/hasgot的疑問句(1)havegot/hasgot句型的一般疑問句將have或has移到句首,其他不變,在句末加問號,回答用yes或no,其結構為:Have/Hassb.got+名詞?回答:Yes,sb.have/has./No,sb.haven't/hasn't.例如:HaveyougotanystorybooksYes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't.HasMarygotanyBarbiedollsYes,shehas./No,shehasn't.(2)havegot/hasgot句型的特殊疑問句havegot/hasgot句型的特殊疑問句的結構是:疑問詞+一般疑問句語序?例如:Jimhasgotalotoftoysinhisroom.→WhathasJimgotinhisroom?Hehasgottwotransformers.→Howmanytransformershashegot?Myparentshavegotacar.→Whoseparentshavegotacar?注意:如果詢問的內(nèi)容是主語部分,其結構是:疑問詞+陳述句語序?例如:Ihavegotalotofbooks.→Whohasgotalotofbooks?典型例題(1)()Who_________gotalongpencil?I_________.A.has;has B.have;have C.has;have正確答案C解題思路who（誰）表示第三人稱單數(shù)，后面接has，I是第一人稱，后面接have。(2)()I_________anywater.A.don'tgot B.havegot C.haven'tgot正確答案C解題思路句中有any，應該用否定形式，只有C是正確的。三、感嘆句感嘆句表達說話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等強烈情感，句末用感嘆號。一般以what或how引導。1.What引導的感嘆句主要修飾名詞，根據(jù)名詞的可數(shù)、不可數(shù)以及單復數(shù)的形式，what感嘆句可分為兩種情況:（1）What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+主語+謂語!例如:Whatalovelydogitis!多可愛的一只小狗啊!Whataninterestingbookitis!這本書真有趣啊!Whataniceschoolitis!這學校多美啊!（2）What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞或可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)+主語+謂語!例如:Whatfineweatheritis!天氣多好啊!Whatbeautifulflowerstheyare!多漂亮的花啊!Whathighbuildingstheyare!多高的建筑啊!2.How引導的感嘆句主要修飾形容詞或副詞，其結構是:How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語!例如:Hownaughtyheis!他多調(diào)皮啊!Howfastheruns!他跑得多快啊!Howniceourschoolis!我們的學校多美啊!注意:What和How引導的感嘆句，句末的“主語+謂語”有時在口語中是可以被省略的，例如:Whataniceschool!!Howcool!典型例題用what或how填空(1)_________agoodboy!(2)_________goodtheboyis!正確答案(1)What,(2)How解題思路（1）中agoodboy是名詞詞組，所以用what，該句句末省略了heis（主語+謂語）。（2）中good是形容詞，所以用how，后面的theboyis是主語+謂語結構。練習一、寫出下列詞組的縮略形式。001.Ihavegot__________________ 002.shehasgot__________________003.theyhavegot__________________ 004.wehavegot__________________005.hehasgot__________________ 006.youhavegot__________________007.hasnotgot__________________ 008.havenotgot__________________009.ithasgot__________________ 010.whohasgot__________________011.thereis__________________ 012.thereare__________________二、用therebe的正確形式填空。013._________somebreadinthefridge.014._________anynewshoesinthatshop?015._________twoplantsinouroffice.016._________anEnglishteacheroverthere?017._________fourglassesonthetableYes.018._________anynicericeinthebox.019._________oneruler,fivebooksandtwopensinthebag.020._________fivebooks,onerulerandtwopensinthebag?021.Howmanycars_________ontheroadThereisone.022.Howmuchjuice_________inthebottle?三、用havegot或hasgot的正確形式填空。023.You_________anicedog.PeterandTom_________anicedog,too.024.Howmanybooks_________you_________I_________two.Howmanybooks_________Tom_________He_________three.025._________yougotanybrothersYes,I_________._________TomgotanybrothersYes.He_________two.026.Youandhe_________threeballs._________yoursister_________aball?Yes,she_________.027._________you_________anyfruitNo,I_________not.Who_________somefruit,thenMikeandTom_________.028.Myfriends_________notgotanypets.They_________sometoys.029.SandyandCarolgotabeautifulkiteYes,they_________.030.Atable_________fourlegs.Howmanylegs_________twotablesgot?四、用what或how填空。031._________abeautifulday!032._________interestingthefilmis!033._________afunnychild!034._________ashame!035._________awfultheweatheris!036._________wonderfulthetreesare!037._________fasthecanwalk!038._________tallwomentheyare!039._________alovelygarden!040._________unfortablethisplaceis!五、選擇填空。()041.There_________somebreadontheplate.A.is B.has C.are()042.There_________alotofgreentreesinthepark.A.are B.aren't C.have()043.There_________twoeggsinthefridgethismorning,butnowthere_________onlyone.A.are;is B.were;was C.were;is()044.Thereportersaysthatthere_________aheavyraintomorrow.A.is B.was C.willbe()045.There_________abigdeskandsomesmalldesksintheclassroom.A.is B.are C.has()046.There_________threecupsandateapotonthetable.A.is B.are C.have()047._________thereanywaterintheglassYes,_________.A.Is;there's B.Are;thereare C.Is;thereis()048.Therearealotof_________inthefridge.A.meat B.chicken C.eggs()049.There_________anychildreninthepark.A.are B.aren't C.isn't()050.Therearen't_________booksinthebookcase.A.some B.alotof C.many()051._________carefullyheiscrossingtheroad!A.Howa B.What C.How()052._________bigparkitis!A.What B.Whata C.How()053._________fullbasketitis!A.What B.Whata C.How()054._________beautifultheflowersare!A.What B.Whata C.How()055._________lovelygirlstheyare!A.What B.Whata C.How()056.TomandI_________someChinesestamps.A.havegot B.hasgot C.are()057.Hisfather_________alotoffriends.A.havegot B.hasn'tgot C.hasgot()058._________thecrayonsinthebag?A.Are B.Arethere C.Have()059.Tom'sclassmates_________anyskateboards.A.havegot B.haven'tgot C.havegotnot()060.Howmanybooks_________Marygot?A.have B.has C.arethere六、按要求改寫句子。061.Therearesomeboatsontheriver.(改成否定句)__________________________________________________________________062.Thereisn'tanyhoneyinthejar.(改成肯定句)__________________________________________________________________063.Thereisalittleduckswimmingintheriver.(改成一般疑問句,并作肯定回答)__________________________________________________________________064.Therewerefivewatchesonthedesk.(改成一般疑問句,并作否定回答)__________________________________________________________________065.Therearetwelvemonthsinayear.(對畫線部分提問)__________________________________________________________________066.Therearesomebigelephantsinthejungle.(對畫線部分提問)__________________________________________________________________067.Therearefifteengirlsinourclass.(對面線部分提問)__________________________________________________________________068.Thereisabutterflyonthewall.(對畫線部分提問)__________________________________________________________________069.Isthereacatbesidethedoor?(用adog改成選擇疑問句)__________________________________________________________________070.Therearesomeolddictionariesonthedesk.(改成單數(shù)句)__________________________________________________________________071.Cindyhasgottwopairsofgloves.(改成否定句)__________________________________________________________________072.Ihaven'tgotanybiscuits.(改成肯定句)__________________________________________________________________073.Lindahasgotsomeredskirts.(改成一般疑問句,并作肯定回答)__________________________________________________________________074.Hehasgotalongpencil.(改成復數(shù)句)__________________________________________________________________075.Jennyhasgottenyuan.(對畫線部分提問)__________________________________________________________________076.Hisbrotherhasgotmanytoysathome.(對畫線部分提問)__________________________________________________________________077.May'scousinhasgotalotofdollsinherroom.(對畫線部分提問)__________________________________________________________________078.Thechildrenhavegotfivedrumsinthemusicroom.(對畫線部分提問)__________________________________________________________________079.Wehavegotaputerinthestudy.(對畫線部分提問)__________________________________________________________________080.Theboyhasgotatoyracingcar.Theboyhasgotaskateboard.(改為選擇疑問句)__________________________________________________________________七、根據(jù)實際情況回答問題。081.Haveyougotapet?__________________________________________________________________082.Howmanybookshaveyougot?__________________________________________________________________083.Haveyougotagoodfriendornot?__________________________________________________________________084.Hasyourfathergotacar?__________________________________________________________________085.Hasyourmothergotacarornot?__________________________