吉安縣2024~2025學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測八年級英語試卷一、聽力測試（本大題共20小題，每小題1分，共20分）A)請聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。聽完每段對話后，你都將有10秒鐘的時間回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話讀兩遍。1.What’sthematterwithLily?【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Shehasafever. B.Shehasaheadache. C.Shehasastomachache.2.HowdoesTomfeelabouttheChineseclass?【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Difficult. B.Interesting. C.Useful.3.WhendidSamprobablyarrive?此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.At6:40a.m. B.At7:00p.m. C.At7:20p.m.4.Whereistheparty?【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.AtJack’shome. B.Intheclassroom. C.AtDad’shome.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean?【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】A.Mr.Blackisworkingintheoffice.B.Mr.Blackcan’tbeintheofficenow.CMr.Blackwasthelastonetoleavetheoffice.B)請聽下面4段對話。每段對話后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。聽每段對話前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話讀兩遍。請聽對話，回答下列小題【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】6.WhatwasMike’sfatherdoingwhenMikegottothepark?A.Exercising. B.Callingaman. C.TalkingwithMr.Green.7.HowoftendoesMike’sfatherexercise?A.Onceaday. B.Twiceaday. C.Threetimesaweek.請聽對話，回答下列小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】8.Whatdoesthemotheraskthesontodofirst?A.Takeouttherubbish. B.Foldtheclothes. C.Makethebed.9.Whatcanweknowabouttheson?A.HeisprobablywatchingTVnow.B.Hedoesn’thaveanyhomeworktoday.C.Heneedstofinishallthechoresbefore7o’clock.請聽對話，回答下列小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】10.HowmanydaysdidJohnspendatthefestival?A.Three. B.Four. C.Five.11.Whatwastheweatherlikeatnightduringthefestival?A.Hot. B.Cold. C.Warm.12.Whichofthefollowingistrue?A.ThefestivalwasinSeptember.B.Johnboughttheticketathalfprice.C.Johnsawmanysingersatthefestival.請聽對話，回答下列小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】13.WhendidMariofinishreadingTomSawyer?A.Lastweek. B.Lastnight. C.Thismorning.14.Whatpartofthebookmakesthegirlinterested?A.Thetreasurehuntattheend.B.TomandBeckygettinglost.C.Tomrunningawaytotheisland.15.Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?A.ThebookismainlyaboutTom’sschoollife.B.Bothofthemthinkthebookistoodifficult.C.Theyplantoorganizeabookreportactivity.(C)請聽下面一段獨白，根據(jù)獨白內(nèi)容完成下列句子，每個空格不超過3個單詞。獨白讀兩遍?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】16.Whalesare________animals.17.Thelargestwhalecangrowuptoabout________long.18.Whaleseatsmallfishand________.19.Peoplesellwhalepartstomakethingslike________andsoap.20.Toprotectwhales,weshouldstop________intothesea.二、單項填空（本大題共8小題，每小題1分，共8分）請閱讀下面各小題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。21.—Gina,don’tmakea______inyourroom.—OK,mom.I’llputawayallmyschoolthings.A.mess B.difference C.change D.noise22.Ourphysicsteacherisreallygood.Healwaysexplainsthephysicsproblemtousuntilweunderstandit______.A.suddenly B.completely C.recently D.heavily23.Kimisneverlateforwork,buthewastwohourslatetoday.That’stoo______.A.fair B.usual C.proper D.strange24.Theairhasbeenmuch________theseyears.Governmentsaretakingactionagainstpollution.A.badly B.worst C.bad D.worse25.Inorderto________students’learninginterest,ourschoolprovidessomanydifferentclubseveryFridayafternoon.A.offer B.develop C.lose D.change26.—WhenwillyoucometoJi’an?—I’llcallyou________Iarrive.A.although B.until C.assoonas D.sothat27.Whentheteacher________in,thestudentswerediscussinghowtomakefullpreparationsforthecomingsportsmeeting.A.comes B.came C.iscoming D.wascoming28.—Helooksmuchtallernow.Howlongisitsincehe________thisschool?—He________forthreeyearsandisstudyinginNewYork.A.hasleft;hasleft B.left;hasbeenaway C.leaves;hasleft D.left;hasleft三、完形填空（本大題共26小題，每小題1分，共26分）A)請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各小題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AveryandIaregoodfriends,butoncesomethingunpleasanthappenedwhenwebothtriedforrolesinAliceinWonderland.Averyreally____29____tobeAliceandIwassureshecouldgettherole.However,it____30____thatIwaspickedtobeAliceandAveryonlygotthepartoftheMarchHare.“Doyouwanttopracticetogetherwithme?”Iasked.“Sorry,I’mbusythisweek,”saidAvery,____31____lookingatme.“AndIwillbealwaysbusy.”Thatnightatdinner,myparentsnoticedIwasnotthat____32____aboutgettingtheleadrole.Theywonderedwhathappened.“Well,AverywasnotpickedtobeAlice,butIwas.Shewasunhappy.Maybeshewillthrowawayour____33____.”Myfathersaid,“Don’tworryaboutit.Ithinkthisisa____34____foryoutobeanextra-goodfriend.”“Dad’sright,”saidmymother.“Sometimes____35____ourfriendsdowell,wemayhavefeelingsofenvy(妒忌)anddon’tknowhowtoact.Trygiving____36____alittletime,spaceandunderstanding,andshewillchangehermindsoon.”O(jiān)verthenextweek,ItriedmybesttogiveAverysome____37____.Thenoneday,onthewaytoourpractice,I____38____her.“Ijustwanttosay,you’resuchagreatactorwhenactingastheMarchHare.”Ismiled.Sheseemedhappyand____39____howsheunderstoodtherole.WhenIaskedhertohelpmewithmyrole,sheagreedandsmiled,too.She____40____saidsorrytomeforactingthatwayatfirst.Later,webecame____41____toeachother.I’velearnedthatpeopleoftenhavea____42____timedealingwithenvyanddisappointment(失望).Ifyouhavesimilar____43____,youcouldtrytakingmyparents’advice.Giveyourfriendalittletime,spaceandunderstanding.Thismightbetheperfecttimetobeanextra-goodfriend.29.A.promised B.hoped C.forgot D.chose30.A.turnedout B.foundout C.carriedout D.triedout31.A.till B.from C.like D.without32.A.excited B.careful C.nervous D.worried33.A.energy B.treasure C.friendship D.pressure34.A.game B.chance C.story D.dream35.A.before B.whether C.unless D.when36.A.them B.him C.her D.it37.A.advice B.space C.fun D.trouble38.A.met B.left C.answered D.thanked39.A.faced B.missed C.explained D.supported40.A.even B.never C.almost D.seldom41.A.stricter B.quieter C.luckier D.closer42.A.smart B.great C.careless D.difficult43.A.activities B.mistakes C.experiences D.opinionsB)請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并將答案填寫到答題卡的相應(yīng)位置。每個詞限用一次。laterownermeettheyjoballhelpkindhappilyinterestsaveInNewYorkCity,theUSA,thereisaspecialgroupofmenwhosaveanimals.Thesemen____44____loveridingmotorcycles(摩托車).Theyoften____45____eachotherinbikerclubsbefore.Theyfoundthattheysharedacommon____46____—theloveofanimals.____47____,theysetupagroup.Nowthemenareworkingtogether____48____animals.Theybuilddoghousesforhomelessdogs.Theyfindownersforanimals.Theyvisitschoolsandeducatechildrentobe____49____toanimals.Themenhavedifferent____50____.Theyworkinrestaurants,schools,parks,policestations,etc.Arestaurant____51____organizesallthemenandheworksinhisoffice.Hegetscallsanddispatches(調(diào)遣)____52____ontheroad.Nowmoreandmorepeopleknowthegroupandgiveawaymoneyto____53____withtheirwork.Theyacceptthemoney____54____andworkevenharder.Allofthesemenbelievethatvolunteeringchangestheirlivesandhelpsthemfeelbetteraboutthemselves.四、閱讀理解（本大題共23小題，每小題2分，共46分）A)請閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從每小題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AMuseumofIceCreamWelcometoourMuseumofIceCreaminIowaintheUnitedStates.Hereyoucanseeavideothattellsallaboutthehistoryofthedeliciousicecream.What’smore,wewillshowyoumorethan3,000differentkindsoficecream.Feelhungrywhenyoulookattheexhibits(展覽)?Don’tworry.Wehaveanicecreamstore,andyoucantaste300kindsoficecream.MuseumofChildhoodInourMuseumofChildhood,weshowtoys,teddybears,trainsetsandsomethingaboutthelivesofchildreninScotland,pastandnow.Youcanhearchildrenchanting(反復(fù)唱)theirmultiplicationtables(乘法表),“Seventimessevenis49.Eighttimessevenis56.”Andthedocumentarymoviescanshowyouthegameskidsplayedinthe1950sandwhattheirschoolswerelike.Cometo42HighStreet,RoyalMile,Edinburgh,andI’msureyouwillenjoyit.Children’sDiscoveryMuseumItwouldbewonderfultovisitourChildren’sDiscoveryMuseuminBangkok,Thailand.It’sdividedintosectionsofnatureandenvironment,technologyandkids’activities.LOCATION:OnthenorthernedgeofWeekendMarket.OPENINGHOURS:9a.m.—5p.m.fromTuesdaytoFridayand10a.m.—6p.m.onweekends.ADMISSION:70baht(銖)peradultand50bahtperchild(over2yearsold).55.WhenareyouallowedintotheChildren’sDiscoveryMuseum?A.At8:00a.m.onMonday. B.At4:00p.m.onTuesday.C.At9:00a.m.onSunday. D.At7:30p.m.onSaturday.56.HowmuchshouldtheypayifMr.andMrs.Greenwiththeirseven-year-olddaughtergotovisittheChildren’sDiscoveryMuseum?A.150baht. B.170baht. C.190baht. D.210baht.57.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtotheadsabove?A.YoucanlearnhowtomakefruiticecreamintheMuseumofIceCream.B.Youcantaste3000kindsoficecreamintheMuseumofIceCream.C.YoucanhearchildrenchantingthemultiplicationtablesinMuseumofChildhood.D.YoucanfindTheMuseumofChildhoodonthenorthernedgeofWeekendMarket.BJiaoZiisafamousChinesedirector.Heisfamousforhisexcellentworks,especially“NeZha2”.Beforebecomingadirector,hehadastrongloveforcartoonsandstorieswhenhewasyoung.Thislaterledhimtotheworldoffilm-making.Whenhestartedtocreate“NeZha2”,hefacedmanydifficulties.First,“NeZha1”wassosuccessfulthatpeoplehadhighhopesforthesecondone.JiaoZiwasundergreatpressure.Buthedidn’tletthepressurestophim.Heworkedhardandspentdaysandnightswritingthescript(劇本).HewantedtotellthestoryofNeZhainanewandinterestingway.Heworkedwithagroupoftalentedwritersandartists.Theytalkedaboutideasalot.Sometimestheyevenarguedtofindthebestideas.Makingthemoviewasnoteasy.Thereweremanyproblems.Thespecialeffects(特效)inthemoviewereveryhardtodo.ButJiaoZiwantedthemovietolookgreat.Heinvitedgoodtechnicians(技術(shù)員)andworkedcloselywiththemtomakethevisual(視覺的)effectslookgood.Anotherproblemwastheshorttime.Theyhadtofinishthemoviequickly.ButwithJiaoZileadingtheteam,everyoneworkedovertimetofinishthemovieontime.Finally,themoviecameoutandbroughtusexcitingvisualexperiences.Themoviewasverypopularafteritcameout.Itinfluencedmanypeople,especiallyyoungpeople.ThemoviemakesthembelieveinthemselvesandbebravelikeNezhawhenfacingdifficulties.Nomatterhowhardtheproblemsare,weshouldneverlosehope.What’smore,JiaoZi’ssuccesstellsusthataslongasweworkhardandnevergiveup,wecanachieveourgoals.58.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph1referto?A.Jiaozi’spressureasadirector. B.NeZha2.C.JiaoZi’sstrongloveforcartoonsandstories. D.ThesuccessofNeZha1.59.Accordingtothepassage,whatproblemsdidJiaoZifacewhenhecreated“NeZha2”?①People’shighhopesfrom“NeZhal”.②Difficultiesinspecialeffects.③Noenoughmoney.④Theshorttime.⑤Nogoodtechnicians.A②③⑤ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②④⑤60.WhatcanweinferaboutJiaoZi’steamwhilecreating“NeZha2”?A.Theydidn’thavedisagreements.B.Theyonlycaredaboutvisualeffects.C.Theydependedonforeigntechniciansforcreativity.D.Theyworkedtogethertoimproveideasthroughdiscussions.61.WhatisJiaoZilikeaccordingtothepassage?A.Strictandfriendly. B.Talentedandquiet.C.Kindandbrave. D.Creativeandhard-working.62.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.TocompareNeZha1andNeZha2. B.Tointroducethelifeofafamousdirector.C.Toexplainhowtomakeasuccessfulmovie. D.Toencouragereaderstoworkhardandnevergiveup.CIsthereamarketinyourneighborhood?Aspecialmarketcalledtrunk(后備箱)marketisgettingpopular.Whennightfalls,trunksofcarsareturnedintomobilestalls(流動攤位)onthestreet.Theyselleverythingfromdrinkstoclothesatgoodprices.Lotsofpeoplewouldliketobuysomethingeachtimetheypassby.Thosewhosellthingsatthestallsaremostlyyoungpeople.Manyofthemsaytheysetupthestallsbecauseofinterest.Theythinktheymightmakesomemoneyafterwork.Andthemarketbringsthemafeelingofsatisfaction.“EverytimeIworkatmystall,Italkwithnicepassers-by.Itfeelsgreattomeetnewfriends,”saidastallowner.“Ireallyenjoyhearingpeopletellmehowgoodmycoffeeis,”anotherstallownersaid.Butyoungpeoplecan’texpecttomakealotofmoneyfromthestallsbecausethenumberofsaleswouldfluctuate.Forexample,acoffeestallmaysell60cupsofcoffeeonagoodday,butlessthan10cupsonanotherday.Whentheweatherisbad,thecarscan’tevengoouttothemarket.Whileenjoyingthefunofbuyingthingsatthetrunkmarket,somepeoplealsoworryaboutitsdevelopment.Nooneknowsforsureifthefoodthereissafe.Andwhenthemarketcloses,rubbishcanbeseeneverywhereonthestreet.What’sworse,peoplelivingintheneighborhoodmayfinditnoisy.Thankfully,someareasarealreadytakingactiontomakethemarketgofurther.63.WhichofthefollowingaboutthetrunkmarketisTRUE?A.Itopensalldaylong. B.Itsstallscanbemovedeasily.C.Itsstallssellthingsathighprices. D.Itfirstappearedinthecountryside.64.Whydomanyyoungpeoplesetupthestalls?A.Becausetheyaretiredofworkingattheoffice.B.Becausethestallscanbringthemlotsofmoney.C.Becausetheywouldliketoworkafternightfalls.D.Becausetheycanmakethemselvesfeelgoodbysellingthingsatthestalls.65.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fluctuate”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Beginsuddenly. B.Growslowly. C.Developfast. D.Changealot.66.Whycouldn’tstallownersstartstallsaccordingtothepassage?A.Becauseofthebrokencars.B.Becauseoftheterribleweather.C.Becauseofthebusyworkinglife.D.Becauseofmakinglittlemoney.67.Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthispassage?A. B. C. D.DChinahasmadegreatachievementsinstudyingtheMoon,withrobotsstillworkingonthemoon.Chinahasalsohadplansforthecomingyears,includinggettingsomethingusefulfromthemoon’sfarside.“Theyear2024hasbeenthe20thyearsinceourcountrystarteditsprogramtostudytheMoon.Wewillcaremoreaboutthestudyanduseofresources(資源)onthemoon,”Yang,aresearcher,said.“Thefirststepwillbesendinglargenumbersofrobotstolookforresource-richplacesespeciallythosewithwater.________Withit,wewillbeabletogrowplantsthere.Andthenwewillfindotherresourcestouse.Bythattime,humanswillbeabletosetupbases.Theycanallowlong-termroboticcontrolsandhumanscanstaythereforashorttime.Astronautscanalsoworkonthemoon,”Yangsaid.Yangsaidthebasescouldalsobeusedtorefuelspacecraft(給航天器加油)carryinghumanstofarawayplacesinsidethesolarsystem.“Ofcourse,itwillbeverydifficultbutifwecanmakeithappen,thenitwillbeaveryimportantthingtohumansontheEarth,”Yangsaid.HeaddedthatChinesescientistshadstartedmakinganimportantsystem(系統(tǒng)).ThissystemwillbeabletoprovidehelpandservicesforspaceshipstravellingbetweentheEarthandthemoon.AccordingtoYang,commonpeoplewillbeabletotravelbetweentheEarthandthemooninthenearfuture.Whenmoon-connectedjourneysbecomeeasyforcommonpeople,themoonwillthenbecomemankind’seighthcontinent(大陸).68.Whichofthefollowingcanweputintotheblank?A.Findingwatermaynotbepossibleforscientists.B.Oncewefindwater,wecanstarttobuildourbasesthere.C.Therobotswilllookforotherresourcesafterfindingwater.D.Wateristhemostimportantthingforusifwewanttoliveonthemoon.69.HowdoesYanglikehavingbasesonthemoon?A.Easybutmeaningless. B.Possibleandcheap.C.Easyanduseful. D.Difficultbutimportant.70.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorderoftheevents?a.Peopletraveltothemoon.b.Chinabeginsmoonstudy.c.Basesarebuiltonthemoon.d.Robotssearchformoonresources.A.b-a-d-c B.d-b-c-a C.b-d-c-a D.d-c-b-a71.Whatdoesthewritermeaninthelastparagraph?A.It’snoteasyforhumanstoliveonthemoon.BThemoonwillbeanewlivingplaceforhumans.C.Moontravelwillstillbedifficultformostpeople.D.Themoonhasalreadybeenapopulartouristplaceforhumans.72.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheImportanceofWater. B.SpacecraftRefuelingontheMoon.C.CommonPeople’sMoonTrips. D.FromRobotstoFutureHumanBases.B)請先閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容從下面的七個選項中選擇五個還原到文中，使短文意思通順、結(jié)構(gòu)完整，并在答題卡上將其序號涂黑。一空一句。You’veprobablyheardofbooksthatwillchangeyourlife.AndalotofreadersagreethatthebookAtomicHabits(《原子習(xí)慣》)willmeetyourneeds.JamesClear,whodidalotofresearchontheformationofhabits,isthewriterofAtomicHabits.____73____Ithassoldover15millioncopiesandhasbeentranslatedintomorethan50languages.Andhiswebsitereceivesmillionsofvisitorseachmonth.____74____That’sbecausethebookintroducesapracticalsystem(系統(tǒng))forcreatinggoodhabitsandbreakingbadones.ReaderseverywhereareveryinterestedinClear’s“scienceoftinyhabits”.Inthebook,thewritersuggeststryingtoget1%bettereachday.Forexample,you’dliketoexercisebutyoudon’tthinkyouhavethetimeorenergy.Clearsuggestsstartingwithtwominutesaday.Overtime,theeffectsofthishabitwillincreaseasyourepeattheactions.____75____“Allbigthingscomefromsmallbeginnings,”saysClear.Clearcontinueswiththefollowingadvice:Don’tfocuson(聚焦)whatyouwanttoachieve.____76____Forexample,twomenwanttobreakthehabitofsmoking.Whenofferedacigarette(香煙),onesays,“No,thanks.I’mtryingtogiveupsmoking.”Theothersays,“No,thanks.I’mnotasmoker.”Whilethefirstmanstillseeshimselfasasmoker,thesecondmandoesn’t.Clearsays,“Badhabitswilldiemoreeasilyifyoufocusonwhoyouwanttobecome.”AtomicHabitswillreshapethewayyouthinkaboutprogressandsuccess.____77____Slowlybutsurely,itwillhaveagreateffectonyourhealth,jobandrelationships.A.Whyisitsopopular?B.Instead,focusonwhoyouwanttobecome.C.Hecallstheserepeatedactions“atomichabits”.D.ThisbookisaNo.1NewYorkTimesbestseller.E.Thekeytosuccessliesinsettingclearlong-termgoals.F.Manyreadershavesharedtheirhabit-changingstoriesonline.G.Also,itwillgiveyouthetoolsyouneedtochangeyourhabits.五、補全對話（本大題共5小題，每小題1分，共5分）請閱讀下面對話，根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容從下面的七個選項中選擇五個填入空白處，使對話通順、合理，意思完整，并在答題卡上將其序號涂黑。一空一句。(LindaandMaryaretalkingontheplayground.Linda=L,Mary=M)M:Hi,Linda.Youlooksad.____78____L:Well,Ilovemusic,butmymotherdoesn’tallowmetolistentoit.M:____79____L:Becauseshethinkslisteningtomusicisnotgoodformystudy.M:____80____Ialsolovemusic.Itmakesmerelaxedandhelpsmestudybetter.L:Right.ButhowcanIsolvemyproblem?Canyougivemesomeadvice?M:Ofcourse.____81____L:No,Idon’toftentalkwithher.Weoftenargue.M:____82____L:OK,I’lldothat.Thanksforyouradvice.A.How’sitgoing?B.Idon’tthinkso.C.Whataboutyou?D.What’sthematter?E.Butcommunicatingisagoodway.F.Howabouttalkingwithyourmother?G.Whydoesn’tsheallowyoutolistentoit?六、書面表達(dá)（15分）83.餃子導(dǎo)演成功創(chuàng)作出火爆全球的電影《哪吒2》。餃子導(dǎo)演向我們生動地詮釋了什么叫“我命由我不由天”。近日，學(xué)校英語演講社團(tuán)正在開展關(guān)于“Success”的主題演講比賽。假如你是李明，請你根據(jù)以下要點寫一篇演講稿，談?wù)勀銖娘溩訉?dǎo)演身上學(xué)到了什么，并分享你的一次成功經(jīng)歷以及你對如何取得成功的建議。寫作要點：1.WhatdoyoulearnfromJiaoZi?（從閱讀理解B篇概括）2.Didyouhaveanysuccessfulexperience?Whatwasit?3.Whatisyouradviceonhowtogetsuccess?寫作要求：1.短文應(yīng)包括所有要點，條理清楚，行文連貫，可適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；2.短文中不能出現(xiàn)真實的人名、校名、地名等信息；3.詞數(shù)80-120，短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。Dearteachersandstudents,Today,I’dliketogiveaspeechaboutsuccess.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Tha