2025年托福考試閱讀真題模擬模擬試卷：化學(xué)實(shí)驗報告考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、詞匯選擇要求：仔細(xì)閱讀下面的每句話，從每題所給的四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，使句子意思完整、準(zhǔn)確。每題只有一個正確答案。1.Theexperimentwasconductedundercontrolledconditionstoensuretheaccuracyofthe______data.A.collectedB.collectingC.collectionD.tocollect2.Thescientist'smeticulousapproachallowedhimto______thesmallestdetailsofthechemicalreaction.A.observeB.observingC.observedD.toobserve3.The______ofthesubstancewascarefullymeasuredtodetermineitsreactivity.A.volumeB.volumedC.volume'sD.volumes4.Theresearchteam______severalhypothesestoexplaintheunexpectedresults.A.formulatedB.formulateC.formulatingD.toformulate5.The______oftheexperimentwasdesignedtotestthetheoryofcatalyticconversion.A.objectiveB.objectC.objectivizingD.objectives6.Thelabassistant______thechemicalswithextremecautiontoavoidanycontamination.A.handledB.handlingC.handleD.tohandle7.The______datarevealedaclearcorrelationbetweentemperatureandreactionrate.A.analyzingB.analyzedC.analysisD.analyses8.Thescientist______theexperimentmultipletimestoverifytheconsistencyoftheresults.A.repeatedB.repeatC.repeatingD.torepeat9.The______ofthesolutionwasadjustedtooptimizethereactionconditions.A.pHB.phC.ph-levelD.phs10.The______intheexperiment'sdesignwascrucialforitssuccess.A.creativityB.creativeC.creativelyD.creativity's二、閱讀理解要求：閱讀下面的文章，然后根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答問題。每題只有一個正確答案。TheRoleofCatalystsinChemicalReactionsCatalystsplayavitalroleinmodernchemistry,enablingreactionstooccurmoreefficientlyandatlowertemperatures.Theyaresubstancesthatincreasetherateofachemicalreactionwithoutbeingconsumedintheprocess.Thispropertymakestheminvaluableinindustrialapplications,whereenergyconsumptionandreactiontimearecriticalfactors.Oneofthemostfamouscatalystsisplatinum,whichiswidelyusedinautomotivecatalyticconverters.Thesedevicesconvertharmfulgaseslikecarbonmonoxideandnitrogenoxidesintolessharmfulsubstanceslikecarbondioxideandnitrogen.Theprocessreliesontheabilityofplatinumtofacilitatetheoxidationofcarbonmonoxideandthereductionofnitrogenoxides.Anotherimportantcatalystisenzymes,whicharebiologicalcatalystsfoundinlivingorganisms.Enzymesareproteinsthatspeedupbiochemicalreactions,suchasthoseinvolvedindigestionandmetabolism.Forexample,theenzymeamylasehelpsbreakdownstarchesintosugarsinthehumanbody.Unlikesyntheticcatalysts,enzymesarehighlyspecific,meaningtheyonlycatalyzecertainreactionsunderspecificconditions.Catalystscanbeclassifiedintotwomaintypes:homogeneousandheterogeneous.Homogeneouscatalystsareinthesamephaseasthereactants,whileheterogeneouscatalystsareinadifferentphase.Forinstance,platinuminacatalyticconverterisaheterogeneouscatalystbecauseitisinasolidstate,whereasthereactantsaregases.Incontrast,enzymesarehomogeneouscatalystsbecausetheyareinthesamephaseasthereactantstheycatalyze.Thedevelopmentofnewcatalystsisanongoingareaofresearch.Scientistsareconstantlylookingformoreefficientandenvironmentallyfriendlycatalysts.Forexample,researchershavebeenexploringtheuseofmetal-organicframeworks(MOFs)ascatalysts.MOFsareporousmaterialsthatcanadsorbandreactwithothersubstances,makingthemidealforcatalyticapplications.Inconclusion,catalystsareessentialinchemistry,enablingreactionstooccurmoreefficientlyandundermilderconditions.Theirapplicationsrangefromautomotiveemissionscontroltobiochemicalprocessesinlivingorganisms.Asresearchcontinues,wecanexpecttoseeevenmoreinnovativeusesfortheseremarkablesubstances.1.Whatistheprimaryfunctionofcatalystsinchemicalreactions?A.ToconsumereactantsandproduceproductsB.ToincreasetherateofreactionswithoutbeingconsumedC.TolowertheactivationenergyofreactionsD.Tochangethecolorofreactantsduringreactions2.Whyisplatinumusedinautomotivecatalyticconverters?A.ItisthecheapestcatalystavailableB.ItcanconvertharmfulgasesintolessharmfulsubstancesC.ItishighlyresistanttocorrosionD.Itiseasytoproduceinlargequantities3.Howdoenzymesdifferfromsyntheticcatalysts?A.Enzymesarenotspecific,whilesyntheticcatalystsareB.Enzymesarebiological,whilesyntheticcatalystsarenotC.Enzymesaremoreefficient,whilesyntheticcatalystsarelessefficientD.Enzymesarelarger,whilesyntheticcatalystsaresmaller4.Whatisthemaindifferencebetweenhomogeneousandheterogeneouscatalysts?A.Homogeneouscatalystsaresolid,whileheterogeneouscatalystsareliquidB.Homogeneouscatalystsareinthesamephaseasreactants,whileheterogeneouscatalystsarenotC.Homogeneouscatalystsaremoreexpensive,whileheterogeneouscatalystsarecheaperD.Homogeneouscatalystsaremorereactive,whileheterogeneouscatalystsarelessreactive5.Whataremetal-organicframeworks(MOFs)usedforincatalysis?A.TostoregaseslikehydrogenB.ToadsorbandreactwithothersubstancesC.TocreatenewtypesofcatalystsD.Toimprovetheefficiencyofchemicalreactions6.Howdocatalystscontributetoindustrialapplications?A.TheyreducetheneedforenergyconsumptionB.TheyincreasetheproductionofbyproductsC.TheymakereactionstakelongerD.Theyareonlyusefulinlaboratorysettings7.Whatisthesignificanceofenzymesinlivingorganisms?A.TheyhelpinthebreakdownofmetalsB.TheyfacilitatebiochemicalreactionsC.TheyareusedtogenerateelectricityD.Theyareprimarilyfoundinplants8.Whyisresearchonnewcatalystsimportant?A.TofindmoreexpensivecatalystsB.ToreduceenvironmentalimpactC.TomakecatalystslesseffectiveD.Toincreasethenumberofcatalystsavailable9.Whatdoestheterm"activationenergy"refertoinchemicalreactions?A.TheenergyrequiredtostartareactionB.TheenergyreleasedduringareactionC.TheenergyneededtostopareactionD.Theenergyabsorbedbycatalysts10.Howdocatalyticconvertersbenefittheenvironment?A.TheyproducemoregreenhousegasesB.TheyreduceharmfulemissionsfromvehiclesC.TheyincreasefuelconsumptionD.Theyareonlyeffectiveincoldweather三、句子匹配要求：下面的每句話都描述了實(shí)驗中的一個步驟或觀察結(jié)果。請將每句話與下面的實(shí)驗記錄中的對應(yīng)步驟或結(jié)果匹配起來。每題只有一個正確答案。實(shí)驗記錄：1.Thesolutionturnedabrightyellowcoloralmostimmediatelyuponmixing.2.Aprecipitateformedandsettledatthebottomofthebeaker.3.Thetemperatureofthereactionmixtureincreasedby10degreesCelsius.4.Thegasevolvedproducedasqueakysoundwhentheballoonwasreleased.5.ThepHofthesolutionwasmeasuredtobe7.2.句子：A.Theexperimentwasconductedinafumehoodtopreventinhalationofanyvolatilesubstances.B.Thescientistaddedafewdropsof指示劑tothesolutiontoobservethecolorchange.C.Thereactionmixturewasheatedto80degreesCelsiustospeeduptheprocess.D.Thevolumeofthegascollectedwasmeasuredusingagraduatedcylinder.E.Thereactionwasstoppedafter10minutesduetotheformationofasolid.1.Thesolutionturnedabrightyellowcoloralmostimmediatelyuponmixing.______2.Aprecipitateformedandsettledatthebottomofthebeaker.______3.Thetemperatureofthereactionmixtureincreasedby10degreesCelsius.______4.Thegasevolvedproducedasqueakysoundwhentheballoonwasreleased.______5.ThepHofthesolutionwasmeasuredtobe7.2.______四、填空題要求：從每題所給的四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，使句子意思完整、準(zhǔn)確。每題只有一個正確答案。1.Duringthetitration,the______wasslowlyaddedtotheacidsolutionuntiltheendpointwasreached.A.baseB.acidC.indicatorD.solvent2.Thechemistuseda______tomeasuretheexactvolumeoftheliquidsample.A.beakerB.graduatedcylinderC.flaskD.burette3.The______ofthesubstancewasdeterminedbyheatingaknownmassandmeasuringthechangeinweight.A.meltingpointB.boilingpointC.densityD.molarmass4.Theexperimentrequiredtheuseofa______tomaintainaconstanttemperaturethroughouttheprocess.A.thermostatB.heaterC.coolerD.refrigerator5.The______wasusedtoidentifythepresenceofspecificionsinthesolution.A.microscopeB.spectrometerC.chromatographD.centrifuge6.Thescientistrecordedthe______ofthereactionatregularintervalstoanalyzethedata.A.temperatureB.pressureC.volumeD.pH7.The______wasaddedtothesolutiontoensurethatthereactionoccurredunderneutralconditions.A.acidB.baseC.saltD.water8.The______wasusedtoseparatethesolidparticlesfromtheliquidsolution.A.filterB.funnelC.centrifugeD.evaporatingdish9.The______ofthegaswasmeasuredtodetermineitspurity.A.pressureB.volumeC.temperatureD.density10.The______wasusedtomixthechemicalsthoroughlyandensureuniformreaction.A.stirrerB.shakerC.blenderD.mixer五、簡答題要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和實(shí)驗記錄，回答以下問題。每個問題都要簡潔明了地回答，不要超過一句話。1.Whatisthepurposeofconductingatitrationinachemicalexperiment?________________________________________________________________________2.Howdoesagraduatedcylinderdifferfromabeakerintermsofprecision?________________________________________________________________________3.Whyisitimportanttomeasurethemeltingpointofasubstance?________________________________________________________________________4.Whatroledoesathermostatplayinachemicalexperiment?________________________________________________________________________5.Howcanaspectrometerbeusedtoidentifysubstances?________________________________________________________________________6.Whyisitnecessarytorecordthetemperatureofareactionatregularintervals?________________________________________________________________________7.Whatisthefunctionofanacidinachemicalexperiment?________________________________________________________________________8.Howdoesfilteringhelpinseparatingsolidparticlesfromaliquidsolution?________________________________________________________________________9.Whyisthevolumeofagasimportanttomeasureinachemicalexperiment?________________________________________________________________________10.Whatisthepurposeofusingastirrerinachemicalreaction?________________________________________________________________________本次試卷答案如下一、詞匯選擇答案及解析1.A.collected解析：句子表達(dá)的是實(shí)驗在受控條件下進(jìn)行，目的是確保收集到的數(shù)據(jù)準(zhǔn)確。collected表示“收集到的”，符合句意。2.A.observe解析：句子表達(dá)的是科學(xué)家通過細(xì)致的方法觀察到了化學(xué)反應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)。observe表示“觀察”，符合句意。3.A.volume解析：句子表達(dá)的是仔細(xì)測量物質(zhì)的體積以確定其反應(yīng)活性。volume表示“體積”，符合句意。4.A.formulated解析：句子表達(dá)的是研究團(tuán)隊提出了幾個假設(shè)來解釋意外結(jié)果。formulated表示“制定”，符合句意。5.A.objective解析：句子表達(dá)的是實(shí)驗的設(shè)計目的是測試催化轉(zhuǎn)換理論。objective表示“目的”，符合句意。6.A.handled解析：句子表達(dá)的是實(shí)驗室助手非常小心地處理化學(xué)物質(zhì)以避免污染。handled表示“處理”，符合句意。7.B.analyzed解析：句子表達(dá)的是分析數(shù)據(jù)揭示了溫度和反應(yīng)速率之間的明顯相關(guān)性。analyzed表示“分析的”，符合句意。8.A.repeated解析：句子表達(dá)的是科學(xué)家多次重復(fù)實(shí)驗以驗證結(jié)果的連貫性。repeated表示“重復(fù)的”，符合句意。9.A.pH解析：句子表達(dá)的是調(diào)整溶液的pH值以優(yōu)化反應(yīng)條件。pH表示“pH值”，符合句意。10.A.creativity解析：句子表達(dá)的是實(shí)驗設(shè)計的創(chuàng)新性對于實(shí)驗的成功至關(guān)重要。creativity表示“創(chuàng)造力”，符合句意。二、閱讀理解答案及解析1.B.Toincreasetherateofreactionswithoutbeingconsumed解析：文章第一段明確指出催化劑的主要功能是增加反應(yīng)速率而不被消耗。選項B與文章內(nèi)容一致。2.B.Itcanconvertharmfulgasesintolessharmfulsubstances解析：文章第二段提到鉑在汽車催化轉(zhuǎn)化器中的作用是將有害氣體轉(zhuǎn)化為無害氣體。選項B與文章內(nèi)容一致。3.B.Enzymesarebiological,whilesyntheticcatalystsarenot解析：文章第三段指出酶是生物催化劑，而合成催化劑不是。選項B與文章內(nèi)容一致。4.B.Homogeneouscatalystsareinthesamephaseasreactants,whileheterogeneouscatalystsarenot解析：文章第四段解釋了均相催化劑和非均相催化劑的區(qū)別，即均相催化劑與反應(yīng)物在同一相中，而非均相催化劑則不同。選項B與文章內(nèi)容一致。5.B.Toadsorbandreactwithothersubstances解析：文章第五段提到金屬有機(jī)框架（MOFs）用于吸附和與其他物質(zhì)反應(yīng)。選項B與文章內(nèi)容一致。6.A.Theyreducetheneedforenergyconsumption解析：文章第一段提到催化劑在工業(yè)應(yīng)用中的重要性，因為它們可以更有效地進(jìn)行反應(yīng)，從而減少能源消耗。選項A與文章內(nèi)容一致。7.B.Theyfacilitatebiochemicalreactions解析：文章第三段提到酶在生物體中的作用是促進(jìn)生化反應(yīng)。選項B與文章內(nèi)容一致。8.B.Toreduceenvironmentalimpact解析：文章第五段提到研究新型催化劑的重要性是為了減少環(huán)境影響。選項B與文章內(nèi)容一致。9.A.Theenergyrequiredtostartareaction解析：文章第四段提到了“活化能”的概念，即開始反應(yīng)所需的能量。選項A與文章內(nèi)容一致。10.B.Theyreduceharmfulemissionsfromvehicles解析：文章第二段提到催化轉(zhuǎn)化器的作用是減少車輛的有害排放。選項B與文章內(nèi)容一致。三、句子匹配答案及解析1.B.Thescientistaddedafewdropsof指示劑tothesolutiontoobservethecolorchange.解析：實(shí)驗記錄1提到溶液混合后立即變成亮黃色，這與句子B描述的加入指示劑觀察顏色變化相符。2.D.Thereactionmixturewasheatedto80degreesCelsiustospeeduptheprocess.解析：實(shí)驗記錄2提到形成了沉淀，通常需要加熱來加速反應(yīng)，這與句子D描述的加熱反應(yīng)混合物相符。3.C.Theexperimentwasconductedinafumehoodtopreventinhalationofanyvolatilesubstances.解析：實(shí)驗記錄3提到反應(yīng)混合物的溫度升高，通常需要在通風(fēng)櫥中進(jìn)行以防止吸入揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)，這與句子C描述的實(shí)驗在通風(fēng)櫥中進(jìn)行相符。4.A.Theexperimentwasconductedinafumehoodtopreventinhalationofanyvolatilesubstances.解析：實(shí)驗記錄4提到氣體產(chǎn)生時發(fā)出吱吱聲，通常需要在通風(fēng)櫥中進(jìn)行以防止吸入揮發(fā)性物質(zhì)，這與句子A描述的實(shí)驗在通風(fēng)櫥中進(jìn)行相符。5.E.Thereactionwasstoppedafter10minutesduetotheformationofasolid.解析：實(shí)驗記錄5提到溶液的pH值，這與句子E描述的反應(yīng)停止的原因相符。四、填空題答案及解析1.A.base解析：在滴定過程中，堿緩慢加入酸溶液中直到達(dá)到終點(diǎn)。base表示“堿”，符合句意。2.B.graduatedcylinder解析：化學(xué)家使用量筒來測量液體樣品的準(zhǔn)確體積。graduatedcylinder表示“量筒”，符合句意。3.D.molarmass解析：通過加熱已知質(zhì)量并測量重量變化來確定物質(zhì)的摩爾質(zhì)量。molarmass表示“摩爾質(zhì)量”，符合句意。4.A.thermostat解析：實(shí)驗需要使用恒溫器來保持整個過程中的恒定溫度。thermostat表示“恒溫器”，符合句意。5.B.spectrometer解析：使用分光儀來識別溶液中的特定離子。spectrometer表示“分光儀”，符合句意。6.A.temperature解析：科學(xué)家定期記錄反應(yīng)的溫度以分析數(shù)據(jù)。temperature表示“溫度”，符合句意。7.B.base解析：為了確保反應(yīng)在中性條件下進(jìn)行，加入了堿。base表示“堿”，符合句意。8.A.filter解析：使用濾紙將固體顆粒從液體溶液中分離。filter表示“濾紙”，符合句意。9.A.pressure解析：測量氣體的壓力以確定其純度。pressure表示“壓力”，符合句意。10.A.stirrer解析：使用攪拌器徹底混合化學(xué)品以確保均勻反應(yīng)。stirrer表示“攪拌器”，符合句意。五、簡答題答案及解析1.Thepurposeofconductingatitrationinachemicalexperimentistodete