高中英語重點句型講義與練習引言高中英語句型是語法體系的核心，也是高考英語考查的重點（約占語法題的60%以上）。掌握重點句型不僅能提升閱讀理解的準確性（如分析長難句）、寫作的邏輯性（如使用復合句），還能在完形填空、語法填空、短文改錯等題型中快速定位考點。本文梳理了定語從句、名詞性從句、狀語從句、非謂語動詞句型、強調句、倒裝句、虛擬語氣七大核心句型，結合語法要點、例句示范、易錯提醒、實戰(zhàn)練習，幫助同學們系統(tǒng)掌握并靈活運用。一、定語從句（一）句型解析定語從句修飾名詞或代詞（先行詞），分為限制性（不可省略，修飾先行詞）和非限制性（用逗號隔開，補充說明）。引導詞為關系代詞（that/which/who/whom/whose）或關系副詞（when/where/why）。（二）語法要點1.關系代詞的用法that：指人/物，作主語、賓語（可省略）；不能用于非限制性定語從句。例：Thebook(that)Iboughtyesterdayisinteresting.（that作賓語，可省略）which：指物，作主語、賓語（可省略）；可用于非限制性定語從句。例：Thecar,whichisred,belongstomyfather.（which作主語，非限制性）who/whom：指人，who作主語，whom作賓語（可省略）。例：Thegirlwhoisstandingatthedoorismysister.（who作主語）；Theman(whom)Italkedtoyesterdayismyteacher.（whom作賓語）whose：指人/物，作定語（后接名詞）。例：Theboywhosefatherisadoctorismyclassmate.（whose修飾father）2.關系副詞的用法when：指時間，作狀語（先行詞為time/day等）。例：IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetyou.（when修飾day）where：指地點，作狀語（先行詞為place/city等）。例：ThisistheschoolwhereIstudied.（where修飾school）why：指原因，作狀語（先行詞為reason）。例：Thereasonwhyhewaslateisclear.（why修飾reason）3.介詞+關系代詞當關系代詞作介詞賓語時，介詞可置于關系代詞前（此時關系代詞只能用which/whom）。例：ThemanwithwhomItalkedyesterdayismyteacher.（talkwithsb.，with置于whom前）4.as引導的定語從句such...as/thesame...as：as指代先行詞，作成分。非限制性定語從句：as指代整個主句，可置于句首/句中/句末。例：Asweallknow,Englishisimportant.（as作賓語）（三）易錯提醒1.關系代詞that不能用于非限制性定語從句（錯：Myfather,thatisadoctor,worksinahospital.對：Myfather,whoisadoctor,worksinahospital.）。2.介詞后不能用that（錯：ThebookinthatIreadisinteresting.對：ThebookinwhichIreadisinteresting.）。3.先行詞為way（方式）時，關系詞可用that/inwhich/省略（例：Theway(that/inwhich)hespeaksispolite.）。4.定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別：同位語從句解釋先行詞內容，that不充當成分（例：Thenewsthathewontheprizeisexciting.）；定語從句修飾先行詞，that充當成分（例：Thenewsthathetoldmeisexciting.，that作賓語）。（四）實戰(zhàn)練習1.單項選擇：Thehouse______welivedinlastyearhasbeensold.（A.whichB.whereC.whoD.whose）2.句子改寫：Themanwhoiswearingablueshirtismyuncle.→Theman______ablueshirtismyuncle.3.短文填空：Iwillneverforgettheday______Imetyouforthefirsttime.二、名詞性從句（一）句型解析名詞性從句在句中充當主語、賓語、表語、同位語，分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。引導詞包括：that：無意義，不充當成分（不可省略于主語/表語/同位語從句）；whether/if：是否，不充當成分（介詞后/主語從句句首用whether）；疑問詞（what/who/whom/whose/which/when/where/why/how）：有意義，充當成分。（二）語法要點1.主語從句直接置于句首：Whathesaidistrue.（what作賓語）；用it作形式主語（常見于that引導的從句）：Itisimportantthatwestudyhard.（it代替that從句）。2.賓語從句動詞后：Ithinkthatheisright.（that可省略）；介詞后：I'minterestedinwhathesaid.（what作賓語）；3.表語從句置于be動詞/系動詞后：Theproblemishowwecansolveit.（how作狀語）。4.同位語從句置于news/fact/idea/suggestion等名詞后，解釋內容：Thenewsthathewontheprizemadeushappy.（that不充當成分）。（三）易錯提醒1.whether與if的區(qū)別：2.that的省略：賓語從句中可省略，主語/表語/同位語從句中不可省略（錯：Itistruehecame.對：Itistruethathecame.）。3.what與that的區(qū)別：what充當成分，that不充當成分（例：Whathesaidistrue.（what作賓語）；Thathesaidsomethingistrue.（that不充當成分））。（四）實戰(zhàn)練習2.句子改寫：Ithinkthatheiswrong.→Idon'tthink______heisright.（否定轉移）3.短文填空：Thequestionis______wecangetthereontime.三、狀語從句（一）句型解析狀語從句修飾動詞/形容詞/副詞/整個句子，分為時間、地點、原因、結果、目的、讓步、比較、條件八大類。（二）語法要點1.時間狀語從句when：當……時（從句動作可長可短）：WhenIarrived,thetrainhadleft.；while：當……時（從句動作持續(xù)，用進行時）：WhileIwasreading,hecamein.；until：直到……（not...until...直到……才……）：Hedidn'tgotobeduntilhefinishedhishomework.；since：自從……（主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時）：IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.。2.地點狀語從句where：在……地方：Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.；wherever：無論哪里：Whereveryougo,Iwillfollowyou.。3.原因狀語從句because：因為（回答why）：Becausehewasill,hedidn'tgotoschool.；since：既然（已知原因）：Sinceyouarebusy,Iwilldoitmyself.；as：由于（顯而易見的原因）：Asitisraining,wecan'tgoout.。4.結果狀語從句so...that...（so后接形容詞/副詞）：Heissotallthathecanreachtheshelf.；such...that...（such后接名詞短語）：ItissuchabigapplethatIcan'teatitall.。5.目的狀語從句sothat/inorderthat（從句用情態(tài)動詞can/could/may/might）：Shegotupearlysothatshecouldcatchthefirstbus.。6.讓步狀語從句though/although：雖然（不能與but連用）：Thoughheistired,hekeepsworking.；nomatterhow：無論多么：Nomatterhowhardhetried,hecouldn'tsolvetheproblem.。7.比較狀語從句as...as...：和……一樣：Shesingsaswellashersisterdoes.；than：比……：HeistallerthanIam.。8.條件狀語從句if/unless/aslongas（主將從現(xiàn)：主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時）：Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome.；Unlessyouworkhard,youwon'tsucceed.。（三）易錯提醒1.while的用法：從句動詞用延續(xù)性動詞（錯：WhileIfinishedmyhomework,hecamein.對：WhileIwasfinishingmyhomework,hecamein.）。2.since的時態(tài)：主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，從句用一般過去時（錯：IliveheresinceIwasborn.對：IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.）。3.so...that...與such...that...的轉換：sobeautifulagirl=suchabeautifulgirl。（四）實戰(zhàn)練習1.單項選擇：Iwillstayathome______itrainstomorrow.（A.ifB.sinceC.becauseD.until）2.句子改寫：Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschool.→Heis______young______gotoschool.（too...to...）3.短文填空：______hewastired,hekeptworking.（Though/Although）四、非謂語動詞句型（一）句型解析非謂語動詞（不定式todo、動名詞doing、分詞doing/done）在句中充當主語、賓語、定語、狀語、補足語，不隨主語人稱和時態(tài)變化。（二）語法要點1.不定式（todo）作主語：TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.→ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.（it作形式主語）；作賓語：Iwanttogototheparty.（want后接不定式）；作定語：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.（不定式與homework有動賓關系，主動表被動）；作狀語：Tocatchthebus,hegotupearly.（目的狀語）；Heistootiredtogoonworking.（結果狀語，too...to...）。2.動名詞（doing）作主語：Readingisgoodforyou.→Itisgoodforyoureading.（it作形式主語，較少用）；作賓語：Ienjoyreading.（enjoy后接動名詞）；作定語：areadingroom（表用途）。3.分詞（doing/done）現(xiàn)在分詞（doing）：主動、進行；作定語：Theboyplayingfootballismybrother.（playing修飾boy，主動）；作狀語：Walkinginthepark,Imetmyfriend.（walking與主語I是主動關系）；作補足語：Isawhimplayingfootball.（playing與him是主動關系，進行）。過去分詞（done）：被動、完成；作定語：Thebookwrittenbyhimispopular.（written修飾book，被動）；作狀語：Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecitylooksbeautiful.（seen與主語city是被動關系）；作補足語：Ifoundmybikestolen.（stolen與bike是被動關系）。（三）易錯提醒1.不定式作定語的被動：若不定式的邏輯主語是句子主語，用主動表被動（例：Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.（do的邏輯主語是I））；若不是，用被動（例：Ihavealotofhomeworktobedone.（do的邏輯主語是別人））。2.動名詞與不定式的區(qū)別：后接動名詞的動詞：enjoy/finish/practice/mind/avoid等（例：Ienjoyplayingfootball.）；后接不定式的動詞：want/hope/decide/plan/expect等（例：Iwanttoplayfootball.）；意義不同的動詞：rememberdoingsth.（記得做過）/remembertodosth.（記得要做）；stopdoingsth.（停止做）/stoptodosth.（停下來做另一件）。3.分詞作狀語的邏輯主語：必須與句子主語一致（錯：Walkinginthepark,therainstarted.對：Walkinginthepark,Ifoundtherainstarted.（walking的邏輯主語是I））。（四）實戰(zhàn)練習1.單項選擇：Ienjoy______footballwithmyfriends.（A.playB.playingC.toplayD.played）2.句子改寫：Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.→Hegotupearly____________catchthefirstbus.（不定式作目的狀語）3.短文填空：Thegirl______(stand)atthedoorismysister.（現(xiàn)在分詞作定語）五、強調句（一）句型解析強調句用于強調主語、賓語、狀語（不能強調謂語），結構為：Itis/was+被強調部分+that/who+其他部分（二）語法要點1.被強調部分：主語：Itismyfatherwho/thatworksinahospital.（原句：Myfatherworksinahospital.）；賓語：ItwasthebookthatIboughtyesterday.（原句：Iboughtthebookyesterday.）；狀語：ItwasyesterdaythatIboughtthebook.（原句：Iboughtthebookyesterday.）；ItisintheparkthatImetmyfriend.（原句：Imetmyfriendinthepark.）。2.引導詞的選擇：被強調部分是人：用who/that（例：Itismyfatherwho/thatworksinahospital.）；被強調部分是物/狀語：用that（例：ItwasthebookthatIboughtyesterday.；ItwasyesterdaythatIboughtthebook.）。3.時態(tài)：現(xiàn)在/將來：Itis...that...（例：Itismyfatherwhoworksinahospital.）；過去：Itwas...that...（例：ItwasthebookthatIboughtyesterday.）。（三）易錯提醒1.強調句與定語從句的區(qū)別：強調句：去掉Itis/was...that...后，句子完整（例：ItwasthebookthatIboughtyesterday.→Iboughtthebookyesterday.）；定語從句：去掉關系詞后，句子不完整（例：ItwasthebookwhichIboughtyesterday.→ItwasthebookIboughtyesterday.（不完整））。2.引導詞不能省略：Itisthat...中的that不能省略（錯：Itismyfatherworksinahospital.對：Itismyfatherthatworksinahospital.）。（四）實戰(zhàn)練習1.單項選擇：Itwas______hesaidthatmademeangry.（A.whatB.thatC.whichD.who）2.句子改寫：Imetmyfriendintheparkyesterday.→Itwas____________Imetmyfriendyesterday.（強調地點狀語）3.短文填空：Itis______Iwhoamwrong.（強調主語I）六、倒裝句（一）句型解析倒裝句是將句子語序顛倒，分為部分倒裝（助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞置于主語前）和完全倒裝（謂語動詞置于主語前）。（二）語法要點1.部分倒裝否定詞置于句首（never/hardly/scarcely/seldom/little/notuntil/notonly...butalso.../nosooner...than.../hardly...when...）：NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulplace.（never置于句首，have提前）；NotuntilhecamebackdidIgotobed.（notuntil置于句首，did提前）。only+狀語置于句首（onlythen/onlywhen/onlyby）：OnlythendidIrealizemymistake.（onlythen置于句首，did提前）；Onlybyworkinghardcanyousucceed.（onlybyworkinghard置于句首，can提前）。so/such...that...結構（so/such置于句首）：SofastdoesherunthatIcan'tcatchupwithhim.（sofast置于句首，does提前）；SuchabigappleisitthatIcan'teatitall.（suchabigapple置于句首，is提前）。2.完全倒裝表語置于句首（形容詞/分詞/介詞短語，主語是名詞）：Happyishewhohasalotoffriends.（happy是表語，置于句首，he是名詞，is提前）；Infrontofthehousestandsabigtree.（infrontofthehouse是介詞短語，置于句首，tree是名詞，stands提前）。（三）易錯提醒1.部分倒裝的助動詞：要將助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/be動詞置于主語前，實義動詞不提前（錯：NeverIhaveseensuchabeautifulplace.對：NeverhaveIseensuchabeautifulplace.）。2.only+主語置于句首：不用倒裝（例：Onlyheknowsthetruth.（onlyhe是主語，不用倒裝））。（四）實戰(zhàn)練習1.單項選擇：Never______suchadifficultproblembefore.（A.IhavemetB.haveImetC.ImetD.metI）2.句子改寫：HerunssofastthatIcan'tcatchupwithhim.→Sofast____________thatIcan'tcatchupwithhim.（部分倒裝）七、虛擬語氣（一）句型解析虛擬語氣表示與事實相反的假設或愿望，分為if引導的虛擬條件句、名詞性從句中的虛擬、狀語從句中的虛擬。（二）語法要點1.if引導的虛擬條件句與事實相反的時間從句謂語主句謂語現(xiàn)在一般過去時（be用were）would/could/should/might+動詞原形過去過去完成時（haddone）would/could/should/might+havedone將來一般過去時/weretodo/shoulddowould/could/should/might+動詞原形例：現(xiàn)在：IfIwereyou,Iwouldgototheparty.；過去：IfIhadstudiedhard,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam.；將來：Ifitrainedtomorrow,wewouldstayathome.（或weretorain/shouldrain）。2.名詞性從句中的虛擬賓語從句（建議/要求/命令動詞：suggest/demand/request/require/order/advise等）：Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gotherebybike.（should可省略）；主語從句（Itissuggested/demanded/requested/required/ordered/advisedthat...）：Itissuggestedthatwe(should)gotherebybike.；表語從句/同位語從句（suggestion/demand/request/requirement/order/advice等名詞后）：Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)gotherebybike.；Thesuggestionthatwe(should)gotherebybikeisgood.。3.狀語從句中的虛擬asif/though引導的從句（與事實相反）：Hetalksasifhekneweverything.（與現(xiàn)在相反，knew）；Helooksasifhehadseenaghost.（與過去相反，hadseen）；evenif/though引導的從句（與事實相反）：EvenifIwererich,Iwouldn'tbuythatcar.（與現(xiàn)在相反，were）。（三）易錯提醒1.混合虛擬條件句：從句與過去相反，主句與現(xiàn)在相反（例：IfIhadstudiedhardyesterday,Iwouldknowtheanswernow.（從句hadstudied是過去完成時，主句wouldknow是現(xiàn)在虛擬））。2.suggest的詞義：當suggest表示“建議”時，賓語從句用虛擬語氣；當表示“暗示”時，不用（例：Hesuggestedthatweshouldgothere.（建議，虛擬）；His