Unit1Period2LearningaboutlanguageⅠ.語境填詞1.Thebacteriawerethenexaminedunderthe__________(顯微鏡).2.Thereisno__________(證據(jù))thatthehousewhichtheyarelivinginbelongstoher.3.Customsofficialshavemadeaseriesof__________(相互矛盾的)statementsabouttheequipment.4.Togofromonerobotto__________(多種多樣的)robots,youneedallthreeofthoseideas.5.Most__________(家庭)nowownatleastonecar.6.Sowhatwewoulddoisthatwewouldthenperforman__________(干涉).7.Accordingtoofficial__________(統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字),thediseasekilledover500people.8.Theyreportthefindinginthelatestissueofthejournalof__________(流行病學(xué))andcommunityhealth.9.Inremoteregions,theairis__________(干凈的)andthecropsarefreeofpoisonousinsecticides.10.Whatwastheauthor’s__________(最初的)purposeofcollectingnewspaperarticles?【答案】1.microscope2.proof3.contradictory4.multiple5.households6.intervention7.statistics8.epidemiology9.pure10.initialII.選詞填空belinkedto,betransformedinto,blame...for,intime,onceandforall,subscribeto,suspect...of,thanksto,onthedecrease,attendto1.Asaproverbgoes,“Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.”O(jiān)ureffortswillpayoff__________.2.Theemploymentratehascontinuedtoriseinbigcities__________theeffortsofthelocalgovernment.3.Iwasthinkingthatmymumwould__________me__________notpreparingforthetest.4.Mymainreasonfor__________NewScientististokeeppacewithadvancesinscience.5.Itisasurprisethatthefarawayvillage__________afamoustouristcityinonlytenyears.6.Andtheirhopeis,obviously,toendthisconflict__________.7.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmywatchgone.I__________Tom__________stealingit.8.Expertsbelievethattheillness__________theuseofpollutedwater.9.Thereweresomanycustomersthattheshopassistantscouldn’t__________themall.10.Thenumberofpoormenis__________astheeconomyisgrowing.【答案】1.intime2.thanksto3.blame...for4.subscribingto5.hasbeentransformedinto6.onceandforall7.suspected...of8.islinkedto9.attendto10.onthedecreaseI.單句語法填空1.Robertafelt__________(frustrate)andangryatthenews.2.Inrecentyears,thepopulationinthistown__________(decrease)to100,000.3.ItwasEmmawhowas__________(blame)fortheaccident.4.Exercisingmakesyoumoreawakeandready__________(handle)whateverisaheadofyoufortheday.5.Theresultwillhelptopredictsomemajorand__________(severely)diseasesandyourpreferencefordiet.6.Theyhelpthebodydefenditselfagainstsomekindsof__________(infect).7.Myideais__________weshouldstartmakingpreparationsrightnow.8.IfI’mabitsleepyinthelecture,it’s__________Iwasupallnightyesterday.9.Theproblemis__________shedidn’tgobackhomedirectlyyesterdayevening.10.Themountainvillageisnolonger__________itusedtobesinceahighwaywasbuilttenyearsago.【答案】1.frustrated2.hasdecreased3.toblame4.tohandle5.severe6.infections7.that8.because9.why10.whatII.語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThereturncapsuleofChina’sChang’e-5probetoucheddowninSiziwangBanner,northChina’sInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion,Dec.17,2020.TheChang’e-5mission

1(successful)bringsbackChina’sfirstsamplescollectedfromthemoon.AsChina’smostcomplicatedspaceproject,theChang’e-5missionhasachievedthesamplingoutsidetheearthandreturningforthefirsttime.

2isanothermajorachievementinovercomingdifficultiesbygivingfullplaytothe3

(advantage)ofthenewnationwidesystem,markingagreatstepforwardinChina’sspaceindustry.Thiswillcontributetodeepeningthe4(understand)oftheoriginofthemoonandtheevolutionhistoryofthesolarsystem.Notingthatthereisnoendforspaceexploration,allmembers5participatedintheChang’e-5mission6(carry)

forwardthelunarexplorationspiritofpursuingdreams,daringtoexplore,cooperatingintacklingdifficultiesandwin-wincooperation,soastostartnewinterplanetary(太陽系內(nèi)的)explorationandcontributetobuildingthecountryintoamajorpowerinspaceandthebuildingofacommunitywitha

7(share)futureforhumanity.Chang’e-5missionhasachievedmanymajorbreakthroughsincludingChina’sfirstlunarsurfacesamplingandsealing,firstliftoff8themoon,firstrendezvousanddocking(交會(huì)和對(duì)接)inlunarorbit,andfirstspacecraftcarryingsamples9

(re-enter)theEarth’satmosphere.ThesuccessoftheChang’e-5mission10(mark)aconclusionofChina’scurrentlunarexplorationproject.【解析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了“嫦娥五號(hào)”成功返回地面，帶回了中國(guó)從月球上采集的第一批樣品。【答案】1.successfully2.It3.advantages4.understanding5.who/that6.willcarry7.shared8.from9.tore-enter10.marks1.考查副詞。句意：“嫦娥五號(hào)”成功地帶回了中國(guó)從月球上采集的第一批樣品。修飾謂語動(dòng)詞bringsback，應(yīng)用副詞形式。故填successfully。2.考查代詞。句意：這是充分發(fā)揮全國(guó)新體制優(yōu)勢(shì)，克服重重困難取得的又一重大成就，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)航天事業(yè)向前邁進(jìn)了一大步。此處用代詞it指代上一句中的“theChang’e-5mission”。故填I(lǐng)t。3.考查可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：這是充分發(fā)揮全國(guó)新體制優(yōu)勢(shì)，克服重重困難取得的又一重大成就，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)航天事業(yè)向前邁進(jìn)了一大步。根據(jù)句意，“全國(guó)新體制優(yōu)勢(shì)”應(yīng)指多種優(yōu)勢(shì)，advantage應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填advantages。4.考查名詞。句意：這將有助于加深對(duì)月球起源和太陽系演變歷史的認(rèn)識(shí)。在定冠詞the后應(yīng)是名詞，在句中作賓語；understand是動(dòng)詞，名詞形式為understanding，表抽象意義，不可數(shù)，故填understanding。5.考查定語從句。句意：所有參與“嫦娥五號(hào)”任務(wù)的成員，都將弘揚(yáng)追夢(mèng)、勇于探索、合作應(yīng)對(duì)困難、合作共贏的探月精神，以便開始新的星際勘探，有助于將國(guó)家建設(shè)成太空強(qiáng)國(guó)，構(gòu)建一個(gè)人類有著共同未來的共同體?！癬___participatedintheChang’e-5mission”是定語從句，先行詞是allmembers，指人，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用who\that引導(dǎo)定語從句。故填who/that。6.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：所有參與“嫦娥五號(hào)”任務(wù)的成員，都將弘揚(yáng)追夢(mèng)、勇于探索、合作應(yīng)對(duì)困難、合作共贏的探月精神，以便開始新的星際勘探，有助于將國(guó)家建設(shè)成太空強(qiáng)國(guó)，構(gòu)建一個(gè)人類有著共同未來的共同體。根據(jù)句意，該句是說明將來的情況，應(yīng)用一般將來時(shí)。故填willcarry。7.考查形容詞。句意：所有參與“嫦娥五號(hào)”任務(wù)的成員，都將弘揚(yáng)追夢(mèng)、勇于探索、合作應(yīng)對(duì)困難、合作共贏的探月精神，以便開始新的星際勘探，有助于將國(guó)家建設(shè)成太空強(qiáng)國(guó)，構(gòu)建一個(gè)人類有著共同未來的共同體。修飾名詞future，應(yīng)用形容詞形式；share是動(dòng)詞，形容詞形式為shared，意思為“共享的”。故填shared。8.考查介詞。句意：“嫦娥五號(hào)”任務(wù)已經(jīng)取得了許多重大突破，包括中國(guó)第一次月球表面采樣和密封，首次從月球發(fā)射，第一次在月球軌道交會(huì)和對(duì)接，以及第一座宇宙飛船攜帶樣品重新進(jìn)入地球大氣層。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是“從月球發(fā)射”，故填from。9.考查不定式。句意：“嫦娥五號(hào)”任務(wù)已經(jīng)取得了許多重大突破，包括中國(guó)第一個(gè)月球表面采樣和密封，首次從月球發(fā)射，第一次在月球軌道交會(huì)和對(duì)接，以及第一座宇宙飛船攜帶樣品重新進(jìn)入地球大氣層。當(dāng)被修飾詞前有序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語。故填tore-enter。10.考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：“嫦娥五號(hào)”任務(wù)的成功標(biāo)志著中國(guó)目前的探月工程的結(jié)束。該句敘述的是客觀事實(shí)，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；主語是thesuccess，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)第三人稱形式。故填marks。Ⅰ.閱讀理解Alivingrobothasbeencreatedoutoffrogskincells.Xenobots,namedafterthefrogspeciesXenopuslaevis(非洲爪蛙)thatthecellscomefrom,werefirstdescribedlastyear.Nowtheteambehindtherobotshasimprovedtheirdesignanddemonstratednewcapabilities.Tocreatethexenobots,MichaelLevinatTuftsUniversityinMassachusettsandhiscolleaguesobtainedtissuefrom24-hour-oldfrogembryosafterverysmallphysicaloperation.Wherethepreviousversionreliedonthecontraction(收縮)ofheartmusclecellstomovethemforwardbypushingoffsurfaces,thesenewxenobotsswimaroundfaster.Theyalsolivebetweenthreeandsevendayslongerthantheirpreviousgeneration,whichonlylastedaboutsevendays,andhavetheabilitytosensetheirsurroundingstosomeextent,turningredwhenexposedtobluelight.“Thefundamentalfindinghereisthatwhenyoufreeskincellsfromtheirnormalcontext,andyougivethemachancetobuildotherthingsthanwhattheynormallybuild,”saysLevin.“Tome,oneofthemostexcitingthingshereisthattheyareplastic.Thisideaisthatevennormalcells,notgeneticallymodified,areinfactcapableofbuildingsomethingcompletelydifferent.”Becausetheyarecreatedfromcells,thexenobotseventuallybreakapartandaretotallybiodegradable(能生物降解的),saysteammemberDouglasBlackiston,alsoatTuftsUniversity.Hethereforehopesthattheycanbeusedforbiomedicalandenvironmentalapplications.Previousattemptsatcreatinglivingrobots,suchasawirelesslycontrolledcockroach,haveinvolveddealingwithliveanimals,raisingethical(倫理的)concerns.Xenobotsdifferfromthesebecausetheyaremadeentirelyoflivingcells.“Theapproachhereismaybeethicallytheleastproblematicbecauseeverythingstartswithcells.Theyhavenoneurons(神經(jīng)元),soit’snotananimal,”saysAukeIjspeertattheSwissFederalInstituteofTechnologyatLausanne,whowasn’tinvolvedintheresearch.“It’sreallycells,soIfinditmaybethecleanestway.”1.Howwerethenewxenobotscreated?A.Bymakinguseoffrogembryos. B.Byrelyingonheartmusclecells.C.Bysensingsimilarsurroundings. D.Byexposingthemtobluelight.2.Whichhasthesimilarmeaningtotheunderlinedword“plastic”inParagraph3?A.Fragile. B.Stable. C.Flexible. D.Active.3.WhatcanbeinferredfromDouglasBlackiston’swords？A.Thexenobotscan’tbreakdowneasily. B.Thexenobotsneedtobefurtherperfected.C.Thexenobotscanbeappliedinotherfields. D.Thexenobotshavealreadybeenwidelyused.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Thenewapproachstartswithsomeneurons. B.Xenobotshaveraisedleastethicalconcerns.C.Thewireless-controlledcockroachisafailure. D.Previouslivingrobotsinvolvefewlivinganimals.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一種新的活體機(jī)器人xenobot及創(chuàng)造它的方法。由于它具有可降解性，因此可以被廣泛運(yùn)用在多個(gè)領(lǐng)域中。xenobot僅僅涉及細(xì)胞，不涉及神經(jīng)元，因此在最大程度上減少了倫理問題的發(fā)生。1.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Tocreatethexenobots...obtainedtissuefrom24-hour-oldfrogembryosafterverysmallphysicaloperation.”可知，新的xenobot是利用青蛙胚胎創(chuàng)造出來的。故選A。2.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文可知，Levin認(rèn)為皮膚細(xì)胞從正常環(huán)境中脫離出來以后，它們會(huì)變得非常靈活，因此它們很有可能會(huì)創(chuàng)造出完全不同的東西，即畫線詞的意思是“靈活的”。故選C。3.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Becausetheyarecreatedfromcells...theycanbeusedforbiomedicalandenvironmentalapplications.”可推知，xenobot可以應(yīng)用于其他領(lǐng)域。故選C。4.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Previousattemptsatcreatinglivingrobots...intheresearch.”可知，xenobot引發(fā)的有關(guān)倫理的擔(dān)憂最少。故選B。II.七選五CharacteristicsofanexcellentscientistTheFreeDictionarydefines(定義)ascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences,especiallynaturalscienceorphysicalscience.1Let’slookatsomecharacteristicsofanexcellentscientist.Curiosity.2ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork.Ifascientistdoesn’thavethedrivetoaskquestionsorevenwonder,thenhe/shenevergetstothefirststageofthescientificprocess.Patience.3Thereareveryfewjobsthattakelongerthanthisone.Evenifyouthinkyouhavereceivedsomeeducationonscience,youstillhavealotofscientificresearchtodo.Ifyou’reaninstant-gratification(及時(shí)滿足的)typeofperson,thismaynotbethebestchoiceforyou.Ethical(道德的)qualities.Inordertotrulydiscoveranduseknowledgeforthegreatergood,ascientistmusthaveadesiretoimprovepeople’slifeaswellastheenvironmentandlivingthings,sincetheyarealllinkedandtheycanaffectoneanotherinthelongrun.Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestlyregardlessofpersonaloroutsidecommercial(商業(yè)的)interests.Stickingtoanoldbeliefcontradicted(反駁)byevidenceisdishonest.4Workinghabits.Anexcellentscientisteventakesnotesofthesmallestobservation,keepingitinmindandrecordingit.5He/Shealsoneedstocommunicatethoughtsonpaperandverbally.Networkingskillsconnecthim/herwithcolleaguesworkingonsimilarprojectswherehe/shemaydiscoversomethingnew.A.Tomakediscoveriesinhumanknowledge,youhavetothinkdifferently.B.Anexcellentscientistmustbeverycuriousaboutthings.C.Oneofthemainplacesthatmanyscientistsworkinistheresearchlaboratory.D.However,thatbeliefshouldn’tbechangedwithoutpowerfulevidence.E.He/Shecanworkwellaloneoringroups,dependingonwhat’sneeded.F.Becomingascientisttakesalongtime.G.Italsodefinesascientistassomeonewhousesscientificmethods.【答案】1.G2.B3.F4.D5.E【解析】本文是一篇說明文。作者通過這篇文章向我們描述了優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家的性格特點(diǎn)。1.考查上下文和句意理解。與前文TheFreeDictionarydefines(定義)ascientistasapersonhavingprofessionalknowledgeononeormoresciences,especiallynaturalscienceorphysicalscience.相呼應(yīng)，選項(xiàng)G還將科學(xué)家定義為使用科學(xué)方法的人，選項(xiàng)G符合語境，故選G。2.考查上下文和句意理解。根據(jù)下一句話ScientistssuchasThomasEdisonandGeorgeWestinghousediscoveredthingsmainlybecausetheywantedtoknowhowthingswork可知一個(gè)優(yōu)秀的科學(xué)家對(duì)事物一定很好奇，選項(xiàng)B符合語境，故選B。3.考查上下文和句意理解。根據(jù)下一句Thereareveryfewjobsthattakelongerthanthisone.可知成為一名科學(xué)家需要很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，選項(xiàng)F符合語境，故選F。4.考查上下文和句意理解。根據(jù)前文Ascientistmustreportfindingshonestlyregardlessofpersonaloroutsidecommercialinterests.Stickingtoanoldbeliefcontradictedbyevidenceisdishonest無論個(gè)人利益還是商業(yè)利益，科學(xué)家必須誠(chéng)實(shí)地報(bào)告發(fā)現(xiàn)。堅(jiān)持與證據(jù)相矛盾的舊信仰是不誠(chéng)實(shí)的。選項(xiàng)D:However,thatbeliefshouldn’tbechangedwithoutpowerfulevidence.（然而，沒有強(qiáng)有力的證據(jù)，這種信仰不應(yīng)改變。）是承接上一句話來描述的，符合語境，故選D。5.考查上下文和句意理解。下一句He/Shealsoneedstocommunicatethoughtsonpaperandverbally.講述的是科學(xué)家的工作方式，由句子中的also可知本空也是來描述科學(xué)家的工作方式。選項(xiàng)E:He/Shecanworkwellaloneoringroups,dependingonwhat’sneeded.描寫的是科學(xué)家可以單獨(dú)或團(tuán)體工作，這取決于工作的需要，符合語境，故選E。III.完形填空Asevereoutbreakofcholera(霍亂)castashadowoverLondoners’life.Facedwithtwoapparentlycontradictorytheoriesaboutthepossiblecause,JohnSnow,abrilliant1scientist,wasdeterminedto2thediseaseonceandforall.Insteadofusingamicroscopetostudythe3,hemarkedonamapwherethevictims4.Henoticedthatmultipledeathswerenearthewaterpump(水泵)inBroadStreet5somehouseholdswhodrankfreebeergivenbythepubtheyworkedin.JohnSnow6thatthepumpwaterwastoblamebutstillheneededconcrete7.Hehadthehandleofthepump8sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthis9,thediseasewasimmediatelyundercontrol.JohnSnowsubscribedtotheviewthattherewasalinkbetweenthe10

andtheBroadStreetoutbreak.Hecontinuedtodiscoverthatthewaterhadbeen11byrawwaste.Heannouncedhisfindingsandurgedthatpeopledrink12

orboiledwater.Soon,therewasasubstantial13incholeracases.14hissolidwork,peoplewereabletodefeatcholera.Furthermore(此外),hisuseofmapsandstatisticstransformedthethinkingofthescientificworldtowards15

diseases.Thatiswhyheisconsidered“FatherofModernEpidemiology(流行病學(xué))”.1.A.chemical B.technical C.medical D.agricultural2.A.affect B.cause C.damage D.defeat3.A.crisis B.virus C.assumption D.cancer4.A.attacked B.concerned C.lived D.head5.A.except B.besides C.including D.from6.A.suspected B.convinced C.estimated D.wondered7.A.solutions B.methods C.proposal D.proof8.A.turned B.switched C.removed D.bent9.A.innovation B.evaluation C.intervention D.persuasion10.A.map B.pump C.beer D.handle11.A.tackled B.comprised C.examined D.polluted12.A.pure B.nutritional C.raw D.salty13.A.change B.decrease C.development D.increase14.A.Thanksto B.Apartfrom C.Inspiteof D.Ratherthan15.A.conventional B.incredible C.relevant D.infectious【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.C5.A6.A7.D8.C9.C10.B11.D12.A13.B14.A15.D【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要介紹了“現(xiàn)代流行病學(xué)之父”JohnSnow查明霍亂爆發(fā)原因并控制疾病的故事。1.考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：面對(duì)兩種明顯相互矛盾的致病理論，杰出的醫(yī)學(xué)家JohnSnow決心一勞永逸地戰(zhàn)勝這種疾病。A.chemical化學(xué)的；B.technical技術(shù)的；C.medical醫(yī)療的，醫(yī)學(xué)的；D.agricultural農(nóng)業(yè)的。上文“Asevereoutbreakofcholera(霍亂)castashadowoverLondoners’life.(一場(chǎng)嚴(yán)重的霍亂爆發(fā)給倫敦人的生活蒙上了陰影)”提到爆發(fā)霍亂，故此處指醫(yī)學(xué)家JohnSnow，文章最后一句“Thatiswhyheisconsidered‘FatherofModernEpidemiology(流行病學(xué))’.”也提到他被稱為“現(xiàn)代流行病學(xué)之父”，故選C。2.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.affect影響；B.cause導(dǎo)致；C.damage損害；D.defeat擊敗，戰(zhàn)勝。下文提到他去調(diào)查霍亂爆發(fā)的原因，故此處指他決心一勞永逸地戰(zhàn)勝這種疾病，最后一段中“peoplewereabletodefeatcholera”也提到人們戰(zhàn)勝了霍亂，故選D。3.考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他沒有使用顯微鏡來研究病毒，而是在地圖上標(biāo)出了受害者的居住地。A.crisis危機(jī)；B.virus病毒；C.assumption假設(shè)；D.cancer癌癥。根據(jù)“usingamicroscopetostudy”可知，此處指使用顯微鏡來研究霍亂病毒，故選B。4.考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.attacked攻擊；B.concerned擔(dān)心；C.lived居?。籇.head前進(jìn)。根據(jù)下文“Henoticedthatmultipledeathswerenearthewaterpump(水泵)inBroadStreet”可知，他發(fā)現(xiàn)很多死者都在Broad街的水泵附近，故他是在地圖上標(biāo)出了受害者的居住地，故選C。5.考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：他注意到，除了一些家庭喝了他們工作的酒吧提供的免費(fèi)啤酒外，很多死者都在Broad街的水泵附近。A.except除了；B.besides除……之外（還）；C.including包括；D.from來自。結(jié)合語境可知，空后表示排除在外的