Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Climatechangemonitoringandearlywarningcapabilitywillreachanadvancedlevelglobally(global)andtheclimateriskmanagementandpreventionsystemwillbasically(basic)mature,accordingtothenationalclimatechangeadaptationstrategy2035,jointlypublishedby17departmentsincludingtheMinistryofEcologyandEnvironment.解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：根據(jù)生態(tài)環(huán)境部等17個(gè)部門(mén)聯(lián)合印發(fā)的《國(guó)家氣候變化適應(yīng)戰(zhàn)略2035》，氣候變化監(jiān)測(cè)預(yù)警能力達(dá)到全球先進(jìn)水平，氣候風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理和預(yù)防體系基本成熟。兩空都是形容詞變副詞，修飾動(dòng)詞。故填globally；basically。2．(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Canasmallgroupofdrones(無(wú)人機(jī))guaranteethesafetyandreliabilityofrailwaysand,atthesametime,helprailwayoperatorssavebillions(billion)ofeuroseachyear?解析：考查數(shù)詞。句意：一小群無(wú)人機(jī)能否在保證鐵路安全可靠的同時(shí)，幫助鐵路運(yùn)營(yíng)商每年節(jié)省數(shù)十億歐元呢？billionsof數(shù)十億的。故填billions。3．(2022·全國(guó)甲卷)Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.解析：考查介詞。句意：戈芬鳳頭鸚鵡是一種原產(chǎn)于澳大拉西亞的小鸚鵡，已經(jīng)被證明具有與人類(lèi)兩歲孩子相似的形狀識(shí)別能力。nativeto原產(chǎn)于。故填to。4．(朗文當(dāng)代)Weagreednevertorefertothematteragain.解析：考查介詞。句意：我們一致同意再也不提這件事了。referto提到。故填to。5．(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Themoreregularly(regular)theycanbeinspected,themorerailwaysafety,reliabilityandon-timeperformancewillbeimproved.解析：考查固定句型。句意：檢查越頻繁，鐵路的安全性、可靠性和準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)率就會(huì)越高。the＋比較級(jí)……，the＋比較級(jí)……越……就越……。故填moreregularly。6．(劍橋高階)Weneedtofindsomeothermeans(means)oftransportation.解析：考查名詞。句意：我們需要找到一些其他的交通方式。means單復(fù)數(shù)同形。此處用的是復(fù)數(shù)。故填means。7．Thoughmajoring(major)inengineering,theladymadeeveryefforttolearncalligraphywhichisregarded(regard)asanartform.解析：考查省略和動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：雖然主修工程，這位女士卻努力學(xué)習(xí)被視為一種藝術(shù)形式的書(shū)法。第一空考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。省略了句子主語(yǔ)thelady和be動(dòng)詞was,故填majoring；第二空考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)，客觀情況的介紹用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)；由句意可知，用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填isregarded。8．WrittenChinesehasalsobecomeanimportantmeansbywhichChina'spresentisconnectedwithitspast.解析：考查“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”定語(yǔ)從句。句意：書(shū)面漢語(yǔ)也已成為中國(guó)現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去聯(lián)系的重要手段。先行詞是means,常與介詞by搭配。故填by。9．Therearevarieties(vary)ofbooksinthebookstoreforustochoosefrom,likehistorybooks,sciencebooks,reference(refer)booksandsoon.解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：書(shū)店里有各種各樣的書(shū)供我們選擇，像歷史書(shū)、科學(xué)書(shū)、參考書(shū)等等。第一空是固定搭配，varietiesof各種各樣的；第二空用名詞形式修飾books。故填varieties；reference。10．(牛津高階)Hecametosymbolizehiscountry'sstruggleforindependence.解析：考查介詞。句意：他逐漸成了他的國(guó)家爭(zhēng)取獨(dú)立斗爭(zhēng)的象征。strugglefor為爭(zhēng)取……斗爭(zhēng)。故填for。Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境辨義練1．寫(xiě)出加黑部分的詞性和漢語(yǔ)意思①HewroteanarticleforPeople'sDailyregardinghowtobuildaharmonioussociety.prep.關(guān)于②Thiswasthesortofworkthatmadeyouappreciatethedollarsyouearnedandrespectthosewhodidthework,hetoldme.vt.重視③Atthebaseisarainforest.Itendsabruptlyat3,000meters,givingwaytolandsoflowgrowingplants.n．底部④(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Theysimplyinsistonmutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.n．尊重⑤(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.adj.全面的；整體的2．選出major的漢語(yǔ)意思A.adj.重要的B．n.主修課程C．v.主修①CalligraphyisregardedasamajorpartofChineseculturesincetheHanDynasty.A②Ilovepaintingverymuch.Istartedlearningpaintingatanearlyageandchosepaintingartandhistoryasmymajorincollege.B③AsfarasIknow,MaryismajoringinFrenchatStanfordUniversity.C3．選出character的漢語(yǔ)意思A.n.性格B．n.特色；特征C．n.人物；角色 D．n.符號(hào)；文字E．n.品性；道德品質(zhì)①Asweallknow,Chinesecharactersarequitedifficulttomemorize.D②TomCruiseisaleadingcharacterinthisfilm.C③Shehasacheerfulbutquietcharacter.A④Thecityinvested6billionyuantopreservethecharacteroftheoldtown.B⑤Sportscanbegoodforcharacterbuilding.E4．選出relateto的漢語(yǔ)意思A.理解B．與……相關(guān)C．談到；涉及①Thewriterrelatedtohischildhoodinthefirsttwochapters.C②(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.A③(2023·1月浙江卷)Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.BⅢ.語(yǔ)法填空Asweallknow，Englishisreferredtoasaninternationallanguage，1.widely(wide)usedinglobalaffairs.Nomatter2.whatkindofEnglishpeoplearespeaking,nativespeakershavenotrouble3.understanding(understand)thewordslike“petrol”“subway”“apartment”“pants”“semester”andotherwordsdespitethesmalldifferencesinvocabulary.However，Chinese,whichisincreasinglypopulararoundtheworld,isregardedasthemost4.demanding(demand)language,especiallyfornon-nativelearners.Firstly,eventhecommonly-usedPuTongHuainChinaishardenoughtolearn,letalone5.varieties(variety)ofdialects.Secondly，Chinesecharactersareabstractsymbolsforthem.Thewritingsystem,datingbacktotheShangDynastywhenpeoplecarvedsomethingwithspecificmeanings6.onbonesorshells,islikestrangepictures.However,basedonthecommon7.appreciation(appreciate)ofthesecharacters,someclassicworksarestillreadnowandbythismeanswecanknowmoreabouttheupsanddownsinancienttimes.Besides,calli