2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解模擬試卷文章分析技巧考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，回答問題。ATheriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomers,industriesrangingfromtransportationtofreelancewritinghaveseenasurgeinshort-termcontractsandproject-basedwork.Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstomanagetheirownschedulesandchooseprojectsalignedwiththeirinterestsandskills.However,criticscontendthatitoftenleadstoprecariousemployment,lackingthebenefitsandsecurityassociatedwithtraditionalfull-timejobs.Theflexibilityofferedbygigworkisundeniable.Workerscanselectprojectsthatfittheiravailability,oftenworkingfromhome,andpotentiallyearnmorethantheywouldinatraditionalrole,especiallyiftheyareskilledorinhighdemand.Thisautonomyisparticularlyappealingtoyoungprofessionals,parents,andthoseseekingtosupplementtheirincome.Furthermore,companiesbenefitfromamoreadaptableworkforce,abletoscaletheiroperationsupordownbasedonimmediateneedswithouttheoverheadofpermanentstaff.Despitetheseadvantages,thedrawbacksofthegigeconomyaresignificantandcannotbeignored.Workerstypicallylackbenefitssuchashealthinsurance,retirementplans,andpaidleave,whicharestandardinconventionalemployment.Thiscreatesfinancialinsecurity,particularlyforthosewhorelyheavilyonfluctuatinggigincome.Theabsenceofastablecareerpathwithinanorganizationalsomeansfeweropportunitiesforstructuredprofessionaldevelopmentandmentorship.Moreover,thecompetitiveandoftenlow-payingnatureofmanygigjobscanleadtoburnoutamongworkerswhofeelconstantlyunderpressuretofindtheirnextassignment.Theregulatoryenvironmentsurroundingthegigeconomyisalsocomplexandevolving.Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers—whetherasindependentcontractors,whotraditionallybeartherisksofself-employment,orasemployees,whoareentitledtoworkerprotections.Thisdebatehassignificantimplicationsforbothworkersandbusinesses.Ononehand,reclassifyinggigworkersasemployeescouldprovidemuch-neededsecurityandbenefitsbutmightalsostifletheflexibilitythatthegigmodelpromises.Ontheotherhand,maintainingthestatusquocouldperpetuateexploitationandleaveworkersvulnerable.Asthegigeconomycontinuestoexpand,itiscrucialtofindabalancethatpreservesitsbenefitswhilemitigatingitsrisks.Thismightinvolveinnovativesolutionssuchasportablebenefitssystemsthatallowworkerstoaccumulateandcarryhealthinsuranceandretirementsavingsacrossdifferentgigs,orthedevelopmentofhybridworkmodelsthatcombinetheflexibilityofgigworkwithsomeofthesecurityoftraditionalemployment.Ultimately,ensuringthatthegainsofthegigeconomyaresharedmoreequitablywillrequirethoughtfulpoliciesandacollaborativeapproachfromgovernments,businesses,andworkersthemselves.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whataretheprimaryargumentsinfavorofthegigeconomy?2.Theword"precarious"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:3.Whatchallengesdogigworkersfaceintermsofprofessionaldevelopment?4.Howdogovernmentscurrentlystrugglewiththeclassificationofgigworkers?5.Whatpotentialsolutionsaresuggestedfortheissuesassociatedwiththegigeconomy?BTheconceptof"culturalheritage"hasundergonesignificanttransformationinrecentdecades,movingbeyondanarrowfocusonancientartifactsandhistoricalbuildingstoencompassamuchbroaderrangeofintangibleelements.Thisshiftreflectsagrowingrecognitionthatcultureisnotstaticbutdynamic,constantlyevolvingandshapedbyhumaninteraction.Intangibleculturalheritage(ICH)nowincludespractices,representations,expressions,knowledge,andskills,aswellasassociatedinstruments,objects,culturalspaces,andenvironments,thatcommunities,groups,andindividualsrecognizeaspartoftheirculturalidentity.Theinclusionofintangibleelementsacknowledgesthevitalroleoflivingtraditionsinsustainingculturaldiversity.Unliketangibleheritage,whichcanbepreservedinmuseumsorprotectedsites,ICHispracticedandtransmittedbypeople.Itencompassesavastarrayofactivities,fromtraditionalmusicanddancetoagriculturalpractices,crafttechniques,andoralhistories.Thesepracticesarenotmerelyculturalrelicsfromthepast;theyareintegraltothepresentlivesandidentitiesofcommunities,providingcontinuityandasenseofbelonging.However,thepreservationofICHfacesnumerouschallengesinthecontemporaryworld.Globalization,rapidurbanization,andenvironmentalchangesoftenleadtotheerosionordisappearanceoftraditionalpracticesaspeopleadoptmoremodernlifestyles.Additionally,economicpressuresandthedominanceofglobalmediacanovershadowlocalcultures,makingitdifficultforICHtobetransmittedtoyoungergenerations.Climatechangealsoposesathreat,particularlytoheritagepracticesdependentonspecificenvironmentalconditions,suchastraditionalfarmingmethodsormarineresourcemanagement.EffortstosafeguardICHareincreasinglycollaborativeandcommunity-based.UNESCO'sConventionfortheSafeguardingoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritage,adoptedin2003,providesaframeworkformemberstatestoprotecttheirICH.Theconventionemphasizestheimportanceofinvolvingcommunities,groups,andindividualswhocreate,maintain,andtransmitICH,recognizingtheirroleastheprimarycustodiansoftheirculturalheritage.Thisapproachensuresthatpreservationeffortsrespecttheculturalcontextandtherightsofthecommunitiesconcerned.ThesignificanceofICHextendsbeyondculturalpreservation;itisalsocrucialforsustainabledevelopment.Livingtraditionsoftencontainvaluableknowledgeandpracticesrelevanttoenvironmentalstewardship,sustainableresourcemanagement,andcommunitywell-being.BydocumentingandsupportingICH,societiescanharnessthisdiverseknowledgetoaddresscontemporarychallenges.Furthermore,celebratingandpracticingICHcancontributetosocialcohesion,interculturaldialogue,andtheenhancementofculturaldiversity,whichareessentialforbuildinginclusiveandresilientcommunitiesinaglobalizedworld.Questions:6.Howhasthedefinitionof"culturalheritage"evolvedaccordingtothepassage?7.Whatmakesintangibleculturalheritagedistinctfromtangibleheritage?8.Thephrase"erodeordisappearance"inthethirdparagraphisbestunderstoodas:9.Whatistheprimaryroleofcommunitiesinthesafeguardingofintangibleculturalheritage?10.Accordingtothepassage,whyistheprotectionofintangibleculturalheritageimportantforsustainabledevelopment?CTheproliferationofdigitaltechnologyhasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofjournalism,raisingprofoundquestionsaboutthefutureofnewsreportingandconsumption.Theriseofonlinenewsplatforms,socialmedia,anddigitalcontentcreationtoolshasdemocratizedtheproductionanddistributionofinformation,enablingawiderrangeofvoicestobeheard.Whilethishasledtogreatertransparencyandaccesstoinformationinsomerespects,ithasalsointroducedchallengesrelatedtotheaccuracy,reliability,andethicalstandardsofnews.Oneofthemostsignificantimpactsofdigitaltechnologyonjournalismistheshiftfromtraditionalprintmediatoonlineplatforms.Thistransitionhasresultedinthedeclineofmanyestablishednewspapersandmagazines,forcingjournaliststoadapttonewwaysofstorytellingandengagingwithaudiences.Digitalnewsoftentakestheformofmultimediacontent,incorporatingtext,images,video,andinteractiveelementstocreateamoreimmersiveexperience.Thisshifthasrequiredjournaliststodevelopnewskills,suchasdatavisualizationandvideoproduction,inadditiontotheirtraditionalreportingabilities.However,theeasewithwhichinformationcanbecreatedandsharedonlinehasalsocontributedtothespreadofmisinformationand"fakenews."Thelackofeditorialoversightandthespeedatwhichinformationtravelsonsocialmediaplatformscreateanenvironmentwherefalseormisleadingstoriescanrapidlygaintraction,sometimeswithseriousconsequences.Journalistsfacethechallengeofcombatingthesefalsenarrativeswhilemaintainingthetrustoftheiraudiences.Thishasledtoincreasedemphasisonfact-checkingandverificationprocesses,aswellasthedevelopmentofdigitalliteracyinitiativestoeducatethepublicabouthowtoidentifyreliablesources.Thebusinessmodelsofnewsorganizationshavealsobeensignificantlyaffectedbythedigitalrevolution.Thedeclineinadvertisingrevenuefromprintmediahasforcedmanynewsoutletstoseekalternativesourcesoffunding,suchassubscriptionmodels,paywalls,andcrowdfunding.Whilethesemodelshavehelpedsomenewsorganizationsremainviable,theyhavealsocreatedfinancialpressuresthatmaylimittheirabilitytoinvestinhigh-qualityjournalism,particularlyinsmallermarkets.Thestruggleforsustainablebusinessmodelsremainsacriticalchallengeforthefutureofindependentjournalism.Despitethesechallenges,digitaltechnologyalsooffersnewopportunitiesforjournalism.Theabilitytogatherandanalyzelargedatasetshasopenedupnewpossibilitiesforinvestigativereporting,allowingjournaliststouncoverstoriesthatwouldhavebeendifficultorimpossibletopursueusingtraditionalmethods.Socialmediaplatformsalsoprovidejournalistswithnewavenuesforengagingwithaudiences,buildingcommunities,andfosteringamoreparticipatoryformofdemocracy.Thefutureofjournalismwilllikelydependontheabilityofnewsorganizationstonavigatethecomplexitiesofthedigitallandscape,adapttochangingtechnologies,andmaintaintheircommitmenttoethicalstandardsandthepublic'srighttoknow.Questions:11.Whatisonewayinwhichdigitaltechnologyhaschangedthewaynewsispresented?12.Theword"proliferation"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:13.Whatisamajorchallengeassociatedwiththespreadofinformationonsocialmedia?14.Howhavechangesinthenewsindustryaffectedthebusinessmodelsofnewsorganizations?15.Whatpotentialbenefitdoesdigitaltechnologyoffertoinvestigativejournalism?DUrbanizationhasbeenoneofthedefiningtrendsofthe21stcentury,withmillionsofpeoplemigratingfromruralareastocitiesinsearchofbettereconomicopportunities,education,andhealthcare.Whilecitiesofferaconcentrationofamenitiesandservices,rapidurbanizationwithoutadequateplanningcanleadtoarangeofsocial,environmental,andeconomicproblems.Thesheerscaleofurbangrowthplacesimmensepressureoninfrastructure,housing,andresources,oftenresultinginthedevelopmentofinformalsettlementsor"slums"wherebasicservicesarelacking.Theenvironmentalimpactofurbanizationissignificant.Citiesaremajorconsumersofenergyandresources,contributingtoairandwaterpollution,deforestation,andclimatechange.Theconcentrationofvehiclesandindustrialactivitiesinurbanareasleadstohighlevelsofgreenhousegasemissions,whilethedestructionofnaturalhabitatsforurbandevelopmentexacerbatesbiodiversityloss.Managingwasteandensuringaccesstocleanwaterandsanitationarealsomajorenvironmentalchallengesinrapidlygrowingcities.Withoutsustainableurbanplanning,theenvironmentalfootprintofcitiesislikelytocontinueexpanding,threateningbothurbanandruralecosystems.Socialissuesalsoaccompanyrapidurbanization.Theinfluxofpeopleintocitiesoftenstrainsexistingsocialservices,leadingtoovercrowdedschools,hospitals,andtransportationsystems.Thehighcostoflivinginurbanareascanmakehousingunaffordableformany,forcingpeopletoliveinprecariousconditions.Furthermore,urbanizationcanleadtosocialfragmentation,aspeoplefromdiversebackgroundsandwithdifferentlifestylescometogetherincloseproximity.Thiscanresultinsocialtensions,crime,andabreakdownoftraditionalcommunitystructures.Addressinginequalityandprovidingaccesstosocialservicesforallurbanresidentsremainsamajorchallengeforcityplannersandpolicymakers.Economicopportunitiesareaprimarydriverofurbanization,butthebenefitsarenotalwaysevenlydistributed.Whilecitiesoffermorejobsandhigherwages,manymigrantsendupinlow-paying,informalsectorjobswithlittlesecurityorbenefits.Thegapbetweentherichandthepoorcanwideninurbanareas,leadingtosocialunrestandinstability.Moreover,theeconomicgrowthdrivenbyurbanizationoftenreliesonunsustainableexploitationofresourcesandcanleadtoenvironmentaldegradation.Creatinginclusiveeconomicgrowththatbenefitsallsegmentsofthepopulationandpromotessustainabledevelopmentisessentialformanagingtheeconomicdimensionsofurbanization.Sustainableurbanplanningiscrucialformitigatingthenegativeimpactsofurbanization.Thisinvolvesdevelopingstrategiesthatpromoteefficientuseofresources,reducepollution,andprotecttheenvironment.Italsorequiresinvestingininfrastructurethatcansupportagrowingpopulation,suchasaffordablehousing,transportationsystems,andaccesstocleanwaterandsanitation.Additionally,fosteringsocialinclusionandequityisessentialforcreatingcitieswhereallresidentshaveaccesstoopportunitiesandservices.Byadoptingaholisticapproachtourbandevelopment,citiescanbecomemorelivable,sustainable,andresilient,providingabetterqualityoflifefortheirinhabitantswhileminimizingtheirenvironmentalfootprint.Questions:16.Whataresomeofthesocialchallengesassociatedwithrapidurbanization?17.Thephrase"environmentalfootprint"inthesecondparagraphrefersto:18.Whydomanymigrantsfacedifficultiesfindingsecureemploymentincities?19.Whatisconsideredessentialforcreatinginclusiveeconomicgrowthinurbanareas?20.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeycomponentofsustainableurbanplanning?---試卷答案A1.Flexibilityallowingindividualstomanagetheirownschedulesandchooseprojectsalignedwiththeirinterestsandskills;potentialforearningmorethanintraditionalroles.*解析思路：文章首段明確提到“Flexibility...allowingindividualstomanagetheirownschedulesandchooseprojectsalignedwiththeirinterestsandskills”，并提到“potentialtoearnmorethantheywouldinatraditionalrole”。第二段也進一步強調(diào)了這種靈活性對工作者和公司的吸引力。2.Unstableorprecarious.*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“precariousemployment,lackingthebenefitsandsecurityassociatedwithtraditionalfull-timejobs”描述了零工工作缺乏保障的狀態(tài)。“Precarious”意為“不穩(wěn)定的、臨時的、無保障的”，與“unstableorprecarious”意思相近。3.Lackofopportunitiesforstructuredprofessionaldevelopmentandmentorshipwithinanorganization.*解析思路：文章第三段提到“Moreover,theabsenceofastablecareerpathwithinanorganizationalsomeansfeweropportunitiesforstructuredprofessionaldevelopmentandmentorship”。這指出了零工工作者由于缺乏穩(wěn)定職業(yè)路徑，導(dǎo)致在結(jié)構(gòu)化職業(yè)發(fā)展和導(dǎo)師指導(dǎo)方面機會減少。4.Debatingwhethergigworkersshouldbeclassifiedasindependentcontractorsoremployees,impactingtheirrightsandsecurity.*解析思路：文章第四段明確指出“Governmentsworldwidearegrapplingwithhowtoclassifygigworkers—whetherasindependentcontractors...orasemployees...Thisdebatehassignificantimplicationsforbothworkersandbusinesses”。這表明政府在爭論零工工作者的分類問題，即是否應(yīng)被視為獨立承包商或雇員，這會影響他們的權(quán)利和保障。5.Portablebenefitssystemsallowingworkerstocarryhealthinsuranceandretirementsavingsacrossgigs;developmentofhybridworkmodelscombiningflexibilitywithsecurity.*解析思路：文章最后一段提出了兩種解決方案：“innovativesolutionssuchasportablebenefitssystemsthatallowworkerstoaccumulateandcarryhealthinsuranceandretirementsavingsacrossdifferentgigs”以及“thedevelopmentofhybridworkmodelsthatcombinetheflexibilityofgigworkwithsomeofthesecurityoftraditionalemployment”。B6.Itnowincludesintangibleelementslikepractices,representations,expressions,knowledge,andskills,recognizingcultureasdynamicandevolving.*解析思路：文章第一段指出“...theconceptof'culturalheritage'hasundergonesignificanttransformation...movingbeyondanarrowfocusonancientartifacts...toencompassamuchbroaderrangeofintangibleelements...Thisshiftreflectsagrowingrecognitionthatcultureisnotstaticbutdynamic,constantlyevolving”。這表明定義的演變包括了無形要素，并認識到文化的動態(tài)性和發(fā)展性。7.Itispracticedandtransmittedbypeople,remainingintegraltopresentlivesandidentitiesofcommunities,unliketangibleheritagewhichcanbepreservedinmuseums.*解析思路：文章第二段對比了有形和無形文化遺產(chǎn)：“Unliketangibleheritage,whichcanbepreservedinmuseumsorprotectedsites,ICHispracticedandtransmittedbypeople...Thesepracticesarenotmerelyculturalrelicsfromthepast;theyareintegraltothepresentlivesandidentitiesofcommunities”。這說明無形文化遺產(chǎn)由人實踐和傳承，是社區(qū)當前生活和身份的有機組成部分，而有形遺產(chǎn)則可以儲存在博物館中。8.Diminishingorbeinglost.*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Theerosionordisappearanceoftraditionalpracticesaspeopleadoptmoremodernlifestyles”描述了傳統(tǒng)文化實踐隨著人們采用更現(xiàn)代的生活方式而減弱或消失的情況?！癊rodeordisappearance”意為“侵蝕或消失”。9.Theprimaryroleisthatofcustodians,creating,maintaining,andtransmittingICH,andparticipatinginpreservationeffortswithrespectforculturalcontext.*解析思路：文章第四段強調(diào)“UNESCO'sConvention...emphasizestheimportanceofinvolvingcommunities,groups,andindividualswhocreate,maintain,andtransmitICH,recognizingtheirroleastheprimarycustodiansoftheirculturalheritage”。這表明社區(qū)的主要角色是創(chuàng)造、維護和傳承非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，并在保護工作中參與進來，尊重文化背景。10.Itallowssocietiestoharnessdiverseknowledgerelevanttoenvironmentalstewardship,sustainableresourcemanagement,andcommunitywell-beingforaddressingcontemporarychallenges.*解析思路：文章最后一段指出“Livingtraditionsoftencontainvaluableknowledgeandpracticesrelevanttoenvironmentalstewardship,sustainableresourcemanagement,andcommunitywell-being.BydocumentingandsupportingICH,societiescanharnessthisdiverseknowledgetoaddresscontemporarychallenges”。這表明保護非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)對于可持續(xù)發(fā)展很重要，因為它使社會能夠利用與環(huán)境保護、可持續(xù)資源管理和社區(qū)福祉相關(guān)的多樣化知識來應(yīng)對當代挑戰(zhàn)。C11.Newsispresentedinmultimediaformats,incorporatingtext,images,video,andinteractiveelementstocreateanimmersiveexperience.*解析思路：文章第二段提到“Digitalnewsoftentakestheformofmultimediacontent,incorporatingtext,images,video,andinteractiveelementstocreateamoreimmersiveexperience”。這描述了數(shù)字新聞以多媒體形式呈現(xiàn)，包括文本、圖像、視頻和交互元素，以創(chuàng)造更沉浸式的體驗。12.Spreadingrapidly.*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“Theeasewithwhichinformationcanbecreatedandsharedonlinehasalsocontributedtothespreadofmisinformationand'fakenews.'Thelackofeditorialoversightandthespeedatwhichinformationtravelsonsocialmediaplatformscreateanenvironmentwherefalseormisleadingstoriescanrapidlygaintraction”描述了信息在網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的快速傳播?！癙roliferation”在此處意為“迅速傳播”。13.Thespreadoffalseormisleadingstoriesonsocialmediaplatformsduetolackofeditorialoversight,makingitdifficultforaudiencestoidentifyreliablesources.*解析思路：文章第三段明確指出“misinformationand'fakenews.'Thelackofeditorialoversightandthespeedatwhichinformationtravelsonsocialmediaplatformscreateanenvironmentwherefalseormisleadingstoriescanrapidlygaintraction”。這表明社交媒體平臺上虛假或誤導(dǎo)性故事的傳播是由于缺乏編輯監(jiān)督，使得受眾難以識別可靠來源。14.Newsorganizationshaveshiftedfromrelyingonadvertisingrevenuetoseekingalternativesourcesoffunding,suchassubscriptions,paywalls,andcrowdfunding.*解析思路：文章第三段提到“Thedeclineinadvertisingrevenuefromprintmediahasforcedmanynewsoutletstoseekalternativesourcesoffunding,suchassubscriptionmodels,paywalls,andcrowdfunding”。這說明了新聞行業(yè)的變化導(dǎo)致新聞機構(gòu)從依賴廣告收入轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)ふ移渌Y金來源，如訂閱模式、付費墻和眾籌。15.Digitaltechnologyenablesjournaliststogatherandanalyzelargedatasets,openingupnewpossibilitiesforinvestigativereporting.*解析思路：文章最后一段指出“theabilitytogatherandanalyzelargedatasetshasopenedupnewpossibilitiesforinvestigativereporting,allowingjournaliststouncoverstoriesthatwouldhavebeendifficultorimpossibletopursueusingtraditionalmethods”。這表明數(shù)字技術(shù)使記者能夠收集和分析大型數(shù)據(jù)集，為調(diào)查報道開辟了新的可能性。D16.Socialchallengesincludeovercrowdingstrainingsocialservices(schools,hospitals,transportation),highhousingcostsleadingtoprecariouslivingconditions,andsocialfragmentationcausingtensionsandcrime.*解析思路：文章第三段提到“strainsexistingsocialservices,leadingtoovercrowdedschools,hospitals,andtransportationsystems...