2025年無損檢測(cè)資格證考試無損檢測(cè)英語詞匯中級(jí)試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項(xiàng)選擇題（本大題共25小題，每小題2分，共50分。在每小題列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一項(xiàng)是符合題目要求的，請(qǐng)將正確選項(xiàng)字母填在題后的括號(hào)內(nèi)。）1.Theterm"ultrasonictesting"ismostcloselyrelatedtowhichofthefollowingphenomena?A.ThereflectionofsoundwavesoffasurfaceB.TheabsorptionofelectromagneticradiationC.TheinductionofelectricalcurrentsinamaterialD.Thediffusionoflightthroughamedium2.Whatdoestheacronym"PT"standforinthecontextofnon-destructivetesting?A.PhysicalTestingB.PenetrantTestingC.PrimaryTestingD.PortableTesting3.Whenwesayamaterialis"ductile,"whatpropertyareweactuallydescribing?A.ItsabilitytoconductheatB.ItsresistancetocorrosionC.ItstendencytodeformunderstressD.Itsabilitytoreflectsoundwaves4.Theprocessof"flawdetection"innon-destructivetestingprimarilyinvolves:A.MeasuringthemagneticpropertiesofamaterialB.IdentifyingdiscontinuitieswithinamaterialC.DeterminingthethermalconductivityofamaterialD.Assessingtheelectricalresistanceofamaterial5.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusing"acousticemissiontesting"innon-destructivetesting?A.TogeneratesoundwaveswithinamaterialB.Todetectandanalyzethereleaseofstress-inducedenergyC.TomeasurethespeedofsoundthroughamaterialD.Toassesstheacousticimpedanceofamaterial6.Inthecontextofnon-destructivetesting,whatdoestheterm"penetranttesting"referto?A.TheuseofmagneticfieldstodetectflawsB.TheapplicationofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesC.TheexaminationofmaterialsusingX-raysD.Thetestingofmaterialsforelectricalconductivity7.Theterm"eddycurrenttesting"ismostcloselyassociatedwithwhichofthefollowingprinciples?A.TheuseofsoundwavestodetectflawsB.ThegenerationofmagneticfieldstoinspectconductivematerialsC.TheapplicationofchemicalsolutionstoidentifycorrosionD.Theexaminationofmaterialsusingvisualinspection8.Whatistheprimaryadvantageof"visualtesting"innon-destructivetesting?A.ItsabilitytodetectflawsbeneaththesurfaceB.Itsnon-contactnatureandversatilityC.ItshighsensitivitytominutediscontinuitiesD.Itsabilitytoprovidequantitativedata9.Theprocessof"radiographictesting"primarilyinvolves:A.TheuseofmagneticfieldstodetectflawsB.TheapplicationofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesC.TheexaminationofmaterialsusingX-raystocreateimagesD.Thetestingofmaterialsforelectricalconductivity10.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusing"magneticparticletesting"innon-destructivetesting?A.TogeneratesoundwaveswithinamaterialB.Todetectandanalyzethereleaseofstress-inducedenergyC.Toidentifysurfaceandnear-surfacediscontinuitiesusingmagneticfieldsD.Toassesstheacousticimpedanceofamaterial11.Theterm"hydrostatictesting"ismostcloselyrelatedtowhichofthefollowingmethods?A.TheuseofsoundwavestodetectflawsB.TheapplicationofpressuretotesttheintegrityofcontainersC.TheexaminationofmaterialsusingvisualinspectionD.Thetestingofmaterialsforelectricalconductivity12.Whatistheprimaryadvantageof"ultrasonictesting"overothernon-destructivetestingmethods?A.Itsabilitytoprovidehigh-resolutionimagesB.Itsnon-invasivenatureandlackofharmfulradiationC.ItsabilitytodetectflawsbeneaththesurfaceD.Itscost-effectivenessandeaseofuse13.Theprocessof"вихревыеиндукциитестирования"(EddyCurrentTesting)primarilyinvolves:A.TheuseofmagneticfieldstodetectflawsB.TheexaminationofmaterialsusingvisualinspectionC.TheapplicationofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesD.Thetestingofmaterialsforelectricalconductivity14.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusing"acousticemissiontesting"innon-destructivetesting?A.TogeneratesoundwaveswithinamaterialB.Todetectandanalyzethereleaseofstress-inducedenergyC.TomeasurethespeedofsoundthroughamaterialD.Toassesstheacousticimpedanceofamaterial15.Theterm"penetranttesting"ismostcloselyassociatedwithwhichofthefollowingprinciples?A.TheuseofmagneticfieldstodetectflawsB.TheapplicationofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesC.TheexaminationofmaterialsusingvisualinspectionD.Thetestingofmaterialsforelectricalconductivity16.Whatistheprimaryadvantageof"visualtesting"innon-destructivetesting?A.ItsabilitytodetectflawsbeneaththesurfaceB.Itsnon-contactnatureandversatilityC.ItshighsensitivitytominutediscontinuitiesD.Itsabilitytoprovidequantitativedata17.Theprocessof"radiographictesting"primarilyinvolves:A.TheuseofmagneticfieldstodetectflawsB.TheapplicationofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesC.TheexaminationofmaterialsusingX-raystocreateimagesD.Thetestingofmaterialsforelectricalconductivity18.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusing"magneticparticletesting"innon-destructivetesting?A.TogeneratesoundwaveswithinamaterialB.Todetectandanalyzethereleaseofstress-inducedenergyC.Toidentifysurfaceandnear-surfacediscontinuitiesusingmagneticfieldsD.Toassesstheacousticimpedanceofamaterial19.Theterm"hydrostatictesting"ismostcloselyrelatedtowhichofthefollowingmethods?A.TheuseofsoundwavestodetectflawsB.TheapplicationofpressuretotesttheintegrityofcontainersC.TheexaminationofmaterialsusingvisualinspectionD.Thetestingofmaterialsforelectricalconductivity20.Whatistheprimaryadvantageof"ultrasonictesting"overothernon-destructivetestingmethods?A.Itsabilitytoprovidehigh-resolutionimagesB.Itsnon-invasivenatureandlackofharmfulradiationC.ItsabilitytodetectflawsbeneaththesurfaceD.Itscost-effectivenessandeaseofuse21.Theprocessof"вихревыеиндукциитестирования"(EddyCurrentTesting)primarilyinvolves:A.TheuseofmagneticfieldstodetectflawsB.TheexaminationofmaterialsusingvisualinspectionC.fillintheblankD.Thetestingofmaterialsforelectricalconductivity22.Whatistheprimarypurposeofusing"acousticemissiontesting"innon-destructivetesting?A.TogeneratesoundwaveswithinamaterialB.Todetectandanalyzethereleaseofstress-inducedenergyC.TomeasurethespeedofsoundthroughamaterialD.Toassesstheacousticimpedanceofamaterial23.Theterm"penetranttesting"ismostcloselyassociatedwithwhichofthefollowingprinciples?A.TheuseofmagneticfieldstodetectflawsB.TheapplicationofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesC.TheexaminationofmaterialsusingvisualinspectionD.Thetestingofmaterialsforelectricalconductivity24.Whatistheprimaryadvantageof"visualtesting"innon-destructivetesting?A.ItsabilitytodetectflawsbeneaththesurfaceB.Itsnon-contactnatureandversatilityC.ItshighsensitivitytominutediscontinuitiesD.Itsabilitytoprovidequantitativedata25.Theprocessof"radiographictesting"primarilyinvolves:A.TheuseofmagneticfieldstodetectflawsB.TheapplicationofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesC.TheexaminationofmaterialsusingX-raystocreateimagesD.Thetestingofmaterialsforelectricalconductivity二、填空題（本大題共25小題，每小題2分，共50分。請(qǐng)將答案填寫在橫線上。）1.Theprocessofdetectingandanalyzingthereleaseofstress-inducedenergyinmaterialsisknownas_______testing.2.Theuseofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesinmaterialsisreferredtoas_______testing.3.Theexaminationofmaterialsusingmagneticfieldstodetectflawsisknownas_______testing.4.Theprocessofgeneratingsoundwaveswithinamaterialtodetectflawsiscalled_______testing.5.Theexaminationofmaterialsusingvisualinspectiontoidentifydiscontinuitiesisreferredtoas_______testing.6.TheuseofX-raystocreateimagesofmaterialsforflawdetectionisknownas_______testing.7.Theapplicationofpressuretotesttheintegrityofcontainersiscalled_______testing.8.Theprocessofdetectingandanalyzingthereleaseofstress-inducedenergyinmaterialsisknownas_______testing.9.Theuseofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesinmaterialsisreferredtoas_______testing.10.Theexaminationofmaterialsusingmagneticfieldstodetectflawsisknownas_______testing.11.Theprocessofgeneratingsoundwaveswithinamaterialtodetectflawsiscalled_______testing.12.Theexaminationofmaterialsusingvisualinspectiontoidentifydiscontinuitiesisreferredtoas_______testing.13.TheuseofX-raystocreateimagesofmaterialsforflawdetectionisknownas_______testing.14.Theapplicationofpressuretotesttheintegrityofcontainersiscalled_______testing.15.Theprocessofdetectingandanalyzingthereleaseofstress-inducedenergyinmaterialsisknownas_______testing.16.Theuseofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesinmaterialsisreferredtoas_______testing.17.Theexaminationofmaterialsusingmagneticfieldstodetectflawsisknownas_______testing.18.Theprocessofgeneratingsoundwaveswithinamaterialtodetectflawsiscalled_______testing.19.Theexaminationofmaterialsusingvisualinspectiontoidentifydiscontinuitiesisreferredtoas_______testing.20.TheuseofX-raystocreateimagesofmaterialsforflawdetectionisknownas_______testing.21.Theapplicationofpressuretotesttheintegrityofcontainersiscalled_______testing.22.Theprocessofdetectingandanalyzingthereleaseofstress-inducedenergyinmaterialsisknownas_______testing.23.Theuseofliquidpenetrantstoidentifysurfacediscontinuitiesinmaterialsisreferredtoas_______testing.24.Theexaminationofmaterialsusingmagneticfieldstodetectflawsisknownas_______testing.25.Theprocessofgeneratingsoundwaveswithinamaterialtodetectflawsiscalled_______testing.三、判斷題（本大題共25小題，每小題2分，共50分。請(qǐng)判斷下列說法的正誤，正確的填“√”，錯(cuò)誤的填“×”。）1.Ultrasonictestingisprimarilyusedfordetectingsurfacediscontinuities.2.Penetranttestingiseffectiveforinspectingnon-magneticmaterials.3.Eddycurrenttestingcanbeusedtomeasurethethicknessofcoatings.4.Visualtestingisthemostreliablemethodfordetectinginternalflaws.5.Radiographictestingissuitableforinspectinglargestructuresefficiently.6.Magneticparticletestingisnon-destructiveandcanbeusedonferromagneticmaterials.7.Hydrostatictestingisoftenusedforinspectingpipelinesandpressurevessels.8.Acousticemissiontestingishighlysensitivetosmallcrackmovements.9.Penetranttestingrequiresacleansurfaceforeffectiveflawdetection.10.Ultrasonictestingcanprovidedetailedimagesofinternaldefects.11.Eddycurrenttestingislimitedtoconductingmaterials.12.VisualtestingisthesimplestandmostwidelyusedNDTmethod.13.Radiographictestingusesgammaraystocreateimagesofmaterials.14.Magneticparticletestingislesseffectiveonnon-ferromagneticmaterials.15.Hydrostatictestingcandeterminethestrengthofamaterialunderpressure.16.Acousticemissiontestingisoftenusedinreal-timemonitoringapplications.17.Penetranttestingishighlysensitivetosubsurfacediscontinuities.18.Ultrasonictestingisnon-destructiveandcanbeusedforavarietyofmaterials.19.Eddycurrenttestingisprimarilyusedfordetectingsurfaceandnear-surfaceflaws.20.Visualtestingrequiresgoodlightingconditionsforaccurateflawdetection.21.Radiographictestingprovidesapermanentrecordoftheinspection.22.Magneticparticletestingiscommonlyusedinaerospaceapplications.23.HydrostatictestingisgenerallyfasterthanotherNDTmethods.24.Acousticemissiontestingisbasedontheprincipleofstress-inducedenergyrelease.25.Penetranttestingishighlyeffectivefordetectingleaksinsealedcomponents.四、簡(jiǎn)答題（本大題共5小題，每小題10分，共50分。請(qǐng)根據(jù)題目要求，簡(jiǎn)要回答問題。）1.DescribethebasicprincipleofultrasonictestinganditsadvantagesoverotherNDTmethods.2.Explainhowpenetranttestingworksandlistthemainstepsinvolvedintheprocess.3.Discusstheroleofmagneticparticletestingindetectingsurfaceandnear-surfacediscontinuitiesinferromagneticmaterials.4.Describetheprimarypurposeofhydrostatictestingandwhyitiscommonlyusedforinspectingpressurevessels.5.Explaintheconceptofacousticemissiontestingandhowitisusedtodetectandmonitorcrackpropagationinmaterials.本次試卷答案如下一、單項(xiàng)選擇題答案及解析1.A解析：Ultrasonictesting（超聲波檢測(cè)）的核心原理就是利用超聲波在介質(zhì)中傳播，當(dāng)遇到不同介質(zhì)的界面時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生反射，通過接收反射回來的超聲波信號(hào)來探測(cè)材料內(nèi)部的缺陷。所以反射聲波這個(gè)現(xiàn)象是最密切相關(guān)的。2.B解析：PT是PenetrantTesting（滲透檢測(cè)）的縮寫，這是國(guó)際通用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)縮寫，其他選項(xiàng)中的縮寫沒有這種廣泛的認(rèn)可度。3.C解析：Ductile（延展性）這個(gè)詞在材料力學(xué)里明確指的是材料在受力變形時(shí)能夠發(fā)生較大塑性變形而不破裂的性質(zhì)，所以描述的是其變形能力。4.B解析：Flawdetection（缺陷檢測(cè)）作為NDT的一個(gè)分支，其根本目的就是找出材料內(nèi)部或表面不連續(xù)的結(jié)構(gòu)，比如裂紋、氣孔等。5.B解析：Acousticemissiontesting（聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)）的原理就是當(dāng)材料內(nèi)部發(fā)生應(yīng)力釋放時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生瞬態(tài)彈性波，檢測(cè)這些波就能發(fā)現(xiàn)缺陷活動(dòng)，所以分析應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)的能量釋放是最核心的目的。6.B解析：Penetranttesting（滲透檢測(cè)）就是利用滲透性強(qiáng)的液體滲入材料表面缺陷后，通過顯像劑將缺陷中的液體吸出來，然后在表面形成可見的痕跡來檢測(cè)缺陷，所以是應(yīng)用液體滲透劑識(shí)別表面不連續(xù)性。7.B解析：Eddycurrenttesting（渦流檢測(cè)）是基于導(dǎo)電材料中感應(yīng)出渦流，而缺陷會(huì)改變渦流的分布，所以利用磁場(chǎng)來檢查導(dǎo)電材料是最相關(guān)的原理。8.B解析：Visualtesting（目視檢測(cè)）最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是直觀、簡(jiǎn)單、成本低，可以檢查各種材料各種形式的表面缺陷，應(yīng)用范圍廣，所以非接觸性和多功能性是最突出的優(yōu)勢(shì)。9.C解析：Radiographictesting（射線檢測(cè)）就是利用X射線或γ射線穿透材料，在另一側(cè)用膠片或探測(cè)器記錄圖像，根據(jù)圖像上材料密度不同顯示缺陷，所以是用X射線成像。10.C解析：Magneticparticletesting（磁粉檢測(cè)）是利用磁粉在磁場(chǎng)作用下會(huì)聚集在缺陷處形成可見磁痕的原理來檢測(cè)鐵磁性材料表面和近表面缺陷，所以是利用磁場(chǎng)識(shí)別表面近表面缺陷。11.B解析：Hydrostatictesting（水壓測(cè)試）就是向容器內(nèi)注入液體施加壓力，觀察其是否泄漏或變形來測(cè)試容器強(qiáng)度，所以是應(yīng)用壓力測(cè)試容器完整性。12.B解析：Ultrasonictesting（超聲檢測(cè)）相比其他方法最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)就是無創(chuàng)（不損傷材料）且沒有有害輻射，同時(shí)可以檢測(cè)較深內(nèi)部的缺陷，所以非侵入性和無輻射是最突出的優(yōu)勢(shì)。13.A解析：Eddycurrenttesting（渦流檢測(cè)）的核心原理就是變化的磁場(chǎng)在導(dǎo)電材料中產(chǎn)生渦流，缺陷會(huì)干擾渦流，所以是利用磁場(chǎng)檢測(cè)缺陷。14.B解析：Acousticemissiontesting（聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)）就是檢測(cè)材料內(nèi)部缺陷活動(dòng)時(shí)釋放的應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)彈性波，所以分析應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)的能量釋放是最核心的目的。15.B解析：Penetranttesting（滲透檢測(cè)）就是利用滲透性強(qiáng)的液體滲入表面缺陷，通過顯像劑顯影來識(shí)別表面不連續(xù)性，所以是應(yīng)用液體滲透劑識(shí)別表面不連續(xù)性。16.B解析：Visualtesting（目視檢測(cè)）最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是非接觸、多功能，可以檢查各種材料各種形式的表面缺陷，應(yīng)用范圍廣，所以非接觸性和多功能性是最突出的優(yōu)勢(shì)。17.C解析：Radiographictesting（射線檢測(cè)）就是利用X射線或γ射線穿透材料，在另一側(cè)用膠片或探測(cè)器記錄圖像，根據(jù)圖像上材料密度不同顯示缺陷，所以是用X射線成像。18.C解析：Magneticparticletesting（磁粉檢測(cè)）是利用磁粉在磁場(chǎng)作用下會(huì)聚集在缺陷處形成可見磁痕的原理來檢測(cè)鐵磁性材料表面和近表面缺陷，所以是利用磁場(chǎng)識(shí)別表面近表面缺陷。19.B解析：Hydrostatictesting（水壓測(cè)試）就是向容器內(nèi)注入液體施加壓力，觀察其是否泄漏或變形來測(cè)試容器強(qiáng)度，所以是應(yīng)用壓力測(cè)試容器完整性。20.B解析：Ultrasonictesting（超聲檢測(cè)）相比其他方法最大的優(yōu)勢(shì)就是無創(chuàng)（不損傷材料）且沒有有害輻射，同時(shí)可以檢測(cè)較深內(nèi)部的缺陷，所以非侵入性和無輻射是最突出的優(yōu)勢(shì)。21.A解析：Eddycurrenttesting（渦流檢測(cè)）的核心原理就是變化的磁場(chǎng)在導(dǎo)電材料中產(chǎn)生渦流，缺陷會(huì)干擾渦流，所以是利用磁場(chǎng)檢測(cè)缺陷。22.B解析：Acousticemissiontesting（聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)）就是檢測(cè)材料內(nèi)部缺陷活動(dòng)時(shí)釋放的應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)彈性波，所以分析應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)的能量釋放是最核心的目的。23.B解析：Penetranttesting（滲透檢測(cè)）就是利用滲透性強(qiáng)的液體滲入表面缺陷，通過顯像劑顯影來識(shí)別表面不連續(xù)性，所以是應(yīng)用液體滲透劑識(shí)別表面不連續(xù)性。24.B解析：Visualtesting（目視檢測(cè)）最大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)就是非接觸、多功能，可以檢查各種材料各種形式的表面缺陷，應(yīng)用范圍廣，所以非接觸性和多功能性是最突出的優(yōu)勢(shì)。25.C解析：Radiographictesting（射線檢測(cè)）就是利用X射線或γ射線穿透材料，在另一側(cè)用膠片或探測(cè)器記錄圖像，根據(jù)圖像上材料密度不同顯示缺陷，所以是用X射線成像。二、填空題答案及解析1.Acousticemission解析：Acousticemissiontesting（聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)）就是檢測(cè)材料內(nèi)部缺陷活動(dòng)時(shí)釋放的應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)彈性波，所以檢測(cè)和分析了應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)的能量釋放。2.Penetrant解析：Penetranttesting（滲透檢測(cè)）就是利用滲透性強(qiáng)的液體滲入材料表面缺陷后，通過顯像劑將缺陷中的液體吸出來，然后在表面形成可見的痕跡來檢測(cè)缺陷。3.Magneticparticle解析：Magneticparticletesting（磁粉檢測(cè)）是利用磁粉在磁場(chǎng)作用下會(huì)聚集在缺陷處形成可見磁痕的原理來檢測(cè)鐵磁性材料表面和近表面缺陷。4.Ultrasonic解析：Ultrasonictesting（超聲波檢測(cè)）就是利用超聲波在介質(zhì)中傳播，當(dāng)遇到不同介質(zhì)的界面時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生反射，通過接收反射回來的超聲波信號(hào)來探測(cè)材料內(nèi)部的缺陷。5.Visual解析：Visualtesting（目視檢測(cè)）就是利用人眼直接觀察材料表面缺陷，是最簡(jiǎn)單直接的NDT方法。6.Radiographic解析：Radiographictesting（射線檢測(cè)）就是利用X射線或γ射線穿透材料，在另一側(cè)用膠片或探測(cè)器記錄圖像，根據(jù)圖像上材料密度不同顯示缺陷。7.Hydrostatic解析：Hydrostatictesting（水壓測(cè)試）就是向容器內(nèi)注入液體施加壓力，觀察其是否泄漏或變形來測(cè)試容器強(qiáng)度。8.Acousticemission解析：Acousticemissiontesting（聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)）就是檢測(cè)材料內(nèi)部缺陷活動(dòng)時(shí)釋放的應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)彈性波，所以檢測(cè)和分析了應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)的能量釋放。9.Penetrant解析：Penetranttesting（滲透檢測(cè)）就是利用滲透性強(qiáng)的液體滲入材料表面缺陷后，通過顯像劑將缺陷中的液體吸出來，然后在表面形成可見的痕跡來檢測(cè)缺陷。10.Magneticparticle解析：Magneticparticletesting（磁粉檢測(cè)）是利用磁粉在磁場(chǎng)作用下會(huì)聚集在缺陷處形成可見磁痕的原理來檢測(cè)鐵磁性材料表面和近表面缺陷。11.Ultrasonic解析：Ultrasonictesting（超聲波檢測(cè)）就是利用超聲波在介質(zhì)中傳播，當(dāng)遇到不同介質(zhì)的界面時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生反射，通過接收反射回來的超聲波信號(hào)來探測(cè)材料內(nèi)部的缺陷。12.Visual解析：Visualtesting（目視檢測(cè)）就是利用人眼直接觀察材料表面缺陷，是最簡(jiǎn)單直接的NDT方法。13.Radiographic解析：Radiographictesting（射線檢測(cè)）就是利用X射線或γ射線穿透材料，在另一側(cè)用膠片或探測(cè)器記錄圖像，根據(jù)圖像上材料密度不同顯示缺陷。14.Hydrostatic解析：Hydrostatictesting（水壓測(cè)試）就是向容器內(nèi)注入液體施加壓力，觀察其是否泄漏或變形來測(cè)試容器強(qiáng)度。15.Acousticemission解析：Acousticemissiontesting（聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)）就是檢測(cè)材料內(nèi)部缺陷活動(dòng)時(shí)釋放的應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)彈性波，所以檢測(cè)和分析了應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)的能量釋放。16.Penetrant解析：Penetranttesting（滲透檢測(cè)）就是利用滲透性強(qiáng)的液體滲入材料表面缺陷后，通過顯像劑將缺陷中的液體吸出來，然后在表面形成可見的痕跡來檢測(cè)缺陷。17.Magneticparticle解析：Magneticparticletesting（磁粉檢測(cè)）是利用磁粉在磁場(chǎng)作用下會(huì)聚集在缺陷處形成可見磁痕的原理來檢測(cè)鐵磁性材料表面和近表面缺陷。18.Ultrasonic解析：Ultrasonictesting（超聲波檢測(cè)）就是利用超聲波在介質(zhì)中傳播，當(dāng)遇到不同介質(zhì)的界面時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生反射，通過接收反射回來的超聲波信號(hào)來探測(cè)材料內(nèi)部的缺陷。19.Visual解析：Visualtesting（目視檢測(cè)）就是利用人眼直接觀察材料表面缺陷，是最簡(jiǎn)單直接的NDT方法。20.Radiographic解析：Radiographictesting（射線檢測(cè)）就是利用X射線或γ射線穿透材料，在另一側(cè)用膠片或探測(cè)器記錄圖像，根據(jù)圖像上材料密度不同顯示缺陷。21.Hydrostatic解析：Hydrostatictesting（水壓測(cè)試）就是向容器內(nèi)注入液體施加壓力，觀察其是否泄漏或變形來測(cè)試容器強(qiáng)度。22.Acousticemission解析：Acousticemissiontesting（聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)）就是檢測(cè)材料內(nèi)部缺陷活動(dòng)時(shí)釋放的應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)彈性波，所以檢測(cè)和分析了應(yīng)力誘導(dǎo)的能量釋放。23.Penetrant解析：Penetranttesting（滲透檢測(cè)）就是利用滲透性強(qiáng)的液體滲入材料表面缺陷后，通過顯像劑將缺陷中的液體吸出來，然后在表面形成可見的痕跡來檢測(cè)缺陷。24.Magneticparticle解析：Magneticparticletesting（磁粉檢測(cè)）是利用磁粉在磁場(chǎng)作用下會(huì)聚集在缺陷處形成可見磁痕的原理來檢測(cè)鐵磁性材料表面和近表面缺陷。25.Ultrasonic解析：Ultrasonictesting（超聲波檢測(cè)）就是利用超聲波在介質(zhì)中傳播，當(dāng)遇到不同介質(zhì)的界面時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生反射，通過接收反射回來的超聲波信號(hào)來探測(cè)材料內(nèi)部的缺陷。三、判斷題答案及解析1.×解析：Ultrasonictesting（超聲波檢測(cè)）主要檢測(cè)的是材料內(nèi)部的缺陷，尤其是體積型缺陷，表面缺陷需要配合特殊技術(shù)才能有效檢測(cè)，所以這個(gè)說法是錯(cuò)誤的。2.√解析：Penetranttesting（滲透檢測(cè)）適用于各種磁性材料和非磁性材料，特別是表面缺陷的檢測(cè)，所以這個(gè)說法是正確的。3.√解析：Eddycurrenttesting（渦流檢測(cè)）可以測(cè)量導(dǎo)電材料的涂層厚度，因?yàn)槿毕輹?huì)改變渦流路徑，所以這個(gè)說法是正確的。4.×解析：Visualtesting（目視檢測(cè)）只能檢測(cè)表面缺陷，對(duì)于內(nèi)部缺陷無能為力，而其他NDT方法如超聲、射線等才能檢測(cè)內(nèi)部缺陷，所以這個(gè)說法是錯(cuò)誤的。5.√解析：Radiographictesting（射線檢測(cè)）適合大面積快速檢測(cè)，尤其對(duì)于復(fù)雜形狀的部件，所以這個(gè)說法是正確的。6.√解析：Magneticparticletesting（磁粉檢測(cè)）只能用于鐵磁性材料，因?yàn)橹挥羞@類材料在磁場(chǎng)作用下才能吸附磁粉，所以這個(gè)說法是正確的。7.√解析：Hydrostatictesting（水壓測(cè)試）通過施加均勻壓力來檢測(cè)容器的泄漏和強(qiáng)度問題，非常適合壓力容器，所以這個(gè)說法是正確的。8.√解析：Acousticemissiontesting（聲發(fā)射檢測(cè)）對(duì)微小的裂紋擴(kuò)展非常敏感，可以實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)缺陷活動(dòng)，所以這個(gè)說法是正確的。9.√解析：Penetranttesting（滲透檢測(cè)）要求被檢表面非常清潔，否則污染物會(huì)干擾滲透劑的進(jìn)入和顯影，所以這個(gè)說法是正確的。10.√解析：Ultrasonict