Unit3

TheartofpaintingGrammarandusageLearningObjectivesLearningObjectivesMastertherelevantknowledgepointsofverb-ingformsandverb-edformsusedaspredicativeindiscoursesandexercises.Throughreadingblogarticles,understandhowpeopleappreciateartinthedigitalage,explorecorrectmethodsofartappreciation,feelthecharmofart,andimprovepersonaltaste.Beabletosystematicallyexplainthegrammaticalrulesandfunctionalcharacteristicsofverb-ingformsandverb-edformsusedaspredicative,andcorrectlyunderstandandusethemincontext.KeyPointsandDifficultPointsKeypoints:Correctlyidentifywhetherverb-ingformsandverb-edformsfunctionaspredicativeorothercomponentsinspecificexpressions.DifficultPoints:Properlyusingverb-ingformsandverb-edformsaspredicativeincontext.Lead-inHerearesomesentencescontainingverb-ingandverb-edforms.Canyouidentifywhichsentencesuseverb-ingformsaspredicativesandwhichuseverb-edformsaspredicatives?Herdutyistakingcareofthebabies.Wewereveryinterestedinthenovelshegaveusyesterday.Shewasquitefrightenedbythesuddennoiseoutsidethedoor.

Themusictheyareplayingsoundsexciting.Heseemedconfusedbythecomplexproblem.1.Verb-ingformasthepredicative2.Verb-edformasthepredicative3.Verb-edformasthepredicative4.Verb-ingformasthepredicative5.Verb-edformasthepredicativeGrammarandusageBelowisablogentryaboutappreciatingartinthedigitalage.Readthepassageandthinkaboutthefollowingquestions.Wheredidthewritergotoseethepaintings?Howdidthewriterappreciatethepaintings?Whatwasthewriter'sattitudetowardstheactofviewingartworksthroughsmartphones?ThewritersawthepaintingsintheNationalGallery.Thewriterwonderedattheskilloftheartists,theiruseofcolourandhowtheyplayedwithlightandshade.He/sheobservedthebrushworktheartistsusedtoenhancetheirworks,andenjoyedbeingabletobathehis/hersensesinthispalaceofhumancreativity.Thewriterfeltshockedandbelieveditwasimpossibletotrulyappreciatethehumantouchofagreatpaintingthroughasmartphone.Belowisablogentryaboutappreciatingartinthedigitalage.Findthesentencesthatuseverb-ingorverb-edformsaspredicativesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstoneshavebeendoneforyou.Verb-ingformsaspredicativesVerb-edformsaspredicativesItwassurprisingthen......,IwasamazedtoseeallthepaintingsItmightsoundshocking,......theyseemedmoreinterestedintaking......,Iwasdeterminedtokeep...概述：動(dòng)詞的-ing形式和-ed形式在句中都可用作表語。用法：①動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作表語②動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作表語區(qū)分：①動(dòng)詞的-ing和-ed形式作表語的區(qū)別②動(dòng)詞的-ing形式(動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞)作表語和用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別③

動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作表語和用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別Verb-ingandverb-edformsaspredicatives動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作表語動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作表語用來說明主語的內(nèi)容。一般用來表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)，當(dāng)與主語是同一概念的時(shí)候，主語與表語的位置可以互換。此外，還要注意主語與表語的一致性。Myjobisteaching.我的工作是教書。（一般來說，表示比較抽象、一般的行為時(shí)多用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作表語；表示具體某次動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式作表語。有時(shí)兩者都可以用，沒有什么差別。）Whatshelikesiswatchingthechildrenplay.=Whatshelikesistowatchthechildrenplay.她喜歡的是看孩子們玩。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作表語動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作表語用來說明主語的內(nèi)容。一般用來表示主語的某種性質(zhì)和狀態(tài)，當(dāng)與主語是同一概念的時(shí)候，主語與表語的位置可以互換。此外，還要注意主語與表語的一致性。Myjobisteaching.我的工作是教書。（一般來說，表示比較抽象、一般的行為時(shí)多用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作表語；表示具體某次動(dòng)作，特別是將來的動(dòng)作時(shí)，多用不定式作表語。有時(shí)兩者都可以用，沒有什么差別。）Whatshelikesiswatchingthechildrenplay.=Whatshelikesistowatchthechildrenplay.她喜歡的是看孩子們玩。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式作表語動(dòng)詞-ing形式做表語，常見的有：exciting，interesting，disappointing，discouraging，encouraging，puzzling，missing，surprising，confusing，amusing，charming，astonishing，shocking，inviting等。這些動(dòng)詞-ing形式幾乎已經(jīng)變成了形容詞，可以用very修飾。動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作表語過去分詞作表語時(shí)，總是在系動(dòng)詞beappear、lookremain、feelget等之后，構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語所處狀態(tài)或感受，主語多為人。分詞所表示的動(dòng)作與句子的主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系。Thenoveliswellwritten.這部小說寫得很好。（動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作表語與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別：動(dòng)的-ed形式作表語表示主語的狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)則表示主語所承受的動(dòng)作。）Thislakeisbadlypolluted.(動(dòng)詞的-ed形式)這個(gè)湖受到了嚴(yán)重的污染。動(dòng)詞的-ing和-ed形式作表語的區(qū)別-ing形式說明主語的特征，-ed形式說明主語的狀態(tài)。Thiscatisfrightening.這只貓讓人害怕。(說明貓的特征)Thiscatisfrightened.這只貓有些害怕。(說明貓的狀態(tài))動(dòng)詞的-ing形式(動(dòng)名詞/現(xiàn)在分詞)作表語和用于進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別動(dòng)名詞作表語說明主語“是什么”，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語說明主語的特征。動(dòng)詞的-ing形式用于正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，說明主語正在執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作。Herworkistakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是照顧小孩。(說明主語“是什么”)Sheistakingcareofchildren.她正在照顧小孩。（說明主語正在執(zhí)行的動(dòng)作）動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作表語和用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別動(dòng)詞的-ed形式作表語說明主語所處的狀態(tài)。用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)說明主語所承受的動(dòng)作。Thecupisbroken.杯子碎了。(說明杯子的狀態(tài))ThecupwasbrokenbyPeter杯子是被彼得打碎的。(說明杯子承受的動(dòng)作——被打碎了)英語中有很多與感覺有關(guān)的及物動(dòng)詞，其動(dòng)詞－ing形式表示主動(dòng)意義，即“令人……的”，多用來修飾物；其動(dòng)詞-ed形式含有被動(dòng)意義，即“人感到……的”，多用來指人、人的聲音或表情等。常見的這類詞有：exciting令人激動(dòng)的

excited激動(dòng)的，興奮的surprising令人驚訝的

surprised感到驚訝的encouraging令人鼓舞的

encouraged受到鼓舞的frightening使驚恐的

frightened受驚的interesting令人感興趣的

interested感興趣的pleasing令人高興的

pleased滿意的moving令人感動(dòng)的

moved受感動(dòng)的shocking令人震驚的

shocked感到震驚的worrying令人擔(dān)心的

worried感到擔(dān)心的tiring令人勞累的

tired感到勞累的satisfying令人滿意的

satisfied滿意的puzzling令人迷惑的

puzzled感到迷惑的WorkingouttherulesWhenusedasthepredicative,theverb-ingorverb-edformisconnectedtothesubjectbya(1)

.The(2)

formisoftenusedtodescribeathingorasituation;the(3)

formisoftenusedtodescribehowapersonfeels.linkingverbverb-ingverb-edB1Completethefollowingsentencesusingthecorrectverb-ingorverb-edformsoftheverbsinthebrackets.1.Theartshowintownnextweeksounds___________(appeal).2.Theoldmanwas___________(amaze)bythepaintingsonshow.3.Ifindthesoftcoloursinthispaintingvery____________(relax).4.Thepublicwere_____________(please)thattheywouldhavefreeaccesstotheseexhibitions.5.Thegallerystafflookedvery____________(tire)afterworkingallday.appealingamazedrelaxingpleasedtiredB2Belowisamagazinearticlediscussingmeasurestakenbymuseumstoencouragepeopletoappreciateartwiththeirowneyes.Completethearticlewiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.prepare concern encourage satisfy surpriseYouwalkintoamuseum,stopinfrontofamasterpieceandwishtoobserveitupclose.Insteadofhavingagoodviewofit,however,youseenothingbutraisedarmsandsmartphones!Isn’tit____________?surprisingprepare concern encourage satisfy surpriseNowadays,theuseofsmartphonesinmuseumscontinuetoriseandartexpertsare____________abouthowtogetpeopletotrulyappreciateartworksratherthansimplytakephotosorrecordvideostopostonsocialmedia.Somemuseumsdonotallowphotography,whichislessaboutcameraflashesandmoreaboutencouragingpeopletoenjoytheexperience.Amsterdam’sRijksmuseum,forexample,haswagedtheBigDrawcampaign,wherevisitorsareencouragedtokeeptheirsmartphonesintheirpocketsorbagsandpickuppaperandpencilsinstead.concernedprepare concern encourage satisfy surpriseThenationalmuseumishopingtohelpvisitorsdiscoverandappreciatethebeautyofart,architectureandhistorythroughdrawing.Somemuseumsarealsoaskingpeopletoget_________beforetheirvisitbylearningabouttheartworksfirst.Hopefully,withthesemeasures,theexperienceofvisitingmuseumswillbemore__________thansimplyrecordingeverythingwithasmartphone.Therehavealreadybeensomesignsofimprovement,whichisvery____________,butthere’sstillalongwaytogo.preparedsatisfyingencouragingB3Inpairs,describethepaintingsbelowusingverb-ingandverb-edformsaspredicatives.B3Inpairs,describethepaintingsbelowusingverb-ingandverb-edformsaspredicatives.Itisinterestingbecauseitshowsareal-lifesituationandtherearealotofdetailshowingthewomenandthefish.Thewomenalsoseemtired.Iagree.Perhapsthisissomethingthattheydoeveryday—itisnotsurprisingorexciting.So,thepainteddecidedtopaintthissceneusingcoloursthataredarkanddepressing.B3Inpairs,describethepaintingsbelowusingverb-ingandverb-edformsaspredicatives.WhenIlookatthepainting,Ifeelrelaxed.Icanimaginethetwobirdssingingsweetlyinthetree.Eventhoughthecoloursinthesecondpaintingaresimilartothoseinthefirstone,thenaturalsceneandthelandscapeinthebackgroundaredefinitelymorepleasing.Vocabulary1.

wonderwonderaboutsth.想知道……，想弄明白……wonderat...對(duì)……感到驚訝wonder+從句想知道……Iwonderif/whether我不知道是否……（表示一種禮貌的請(qǐng)求或提問）It'sawonder(that)...莫名其妙的是……；令人驚奇的是……練習(xí)：I________wheretheywilltakeusto.wonderVocabulary2.observeobservesb.dosth.看到某人做了某事observesb.doingsth.看到某人正在做某事observesth.done看到某事被做observationn.觀測(cè)，觀察；遵守beunderobservation在觀察中；被監(jiān)視中練習(xí)：Hewas________tofollowherclosely.observedVocabulary3.reducebereducedto降低到；淪落為bereducedby降低了reduce...from...to...把……從……減少到……練習(xí)：Wecan________theproblemtotwomainissues.reduceVocabulary4.arrangearrangesth.forsb.為某人安排某事arrangeforsth.安排/籌備某物arrange(forsb./sth.)todosth.安排（某人/某物）做某事arrangementn.安排，籌備（常用復(fù)數(shù)形式）makearrangementsfor...為……做安排/準(zhǔn)備練習(xí)：Imust________myfinancialaffairsandmakeawill.

arrangeExerciseExerci