中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法：同位語(yǔ)從句什么是同位語(yǔ)？Linda,myEnglishteacher,isverybeautiful.Iwillneverforgethim,agreatleaderandthinker.Iputmyfavoritedesk,thatbrownone,inthemostoutstandingplaceofthishouse.以上句子中標(biāo)紅的部分均為同位語(yǔ)。所謂同位語(yǔ)，是對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明，與前面的名詞指的是同一事物或人，一般前后都用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。名詞作同位語(yǔ)Mr.Wang,mychild’steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.王先生，我孩子的老師，星期二要來(lái)看我們。2.短語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)I,theoldestgirlinthefamily,alwayshadtocarefortheotherchildren.我，作為家里最大的女孩，老得照料家中的其他孩子。直接引語(yǔ)作同位語(yǔ)Butnowthequestionestotheirminds,“Didshedieyoungbecauseshewasaclone?”但是現(xiàn)在他們不得不思考這樣的問(wèn)題：“多莉早死是因?yàn)樗且恢豢寺⊙騿?？”句子作同位語(yǔ)ThegirlsweresurprisedatthefactthatoceanshipscansailuptheGreatlakes.巨大的海輪可以開(kāi)到五大湖，讓表姐妹倆感到吃驚。什么是同位語(yǔ)從句？上述第四種情況用句子對(duì)前面的名詞做進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明其內(nèi)容叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。三．同位語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有哪些？引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞語(yǔ)通常有連詞that，whether，連接代詞（what,which,who,whose）和連接副詞(when,where,why,how)等。同位語(yǔ)從句常放在fact,idea,news,thought,hope,belief,truth,doubt,suggestion,warning,message,feeling,reason,report,question等抽象名詞后。簡(jiǎn)單來(lái)說(shuō)，同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)前面的名詞起到解釋說(shuō)明的作用，與前面的名詞是可以劃等號(hào)的關(guān)系，而具體名詞無(wú)法找到一個(gè)句子與之劃等號(hào)，故同位語(yǔ)從句只能置于抽象名詞后面。由that引導(dǎo):陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)成分，同位語(yǔ)從句完整。Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.Theywereworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.Thenewsthatwearehavingaholidaytomorrowisnottrue.I’veetotheconclusionthatitwasunwisetodothat.Thefactthatthemoneyhasgonedoesnotmeanitwasstolen.HereferredtoCopernicusstatementthattheearthmovesroundthesun.【注意】在某些名詞(如demand,wish,suggestion等)后面的同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（即同位語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用should+V原，should可省略）。如:Theywerefacedwiththedemandthatthistaxbeabolished.Theyexpressedthewishthatsheaccepttheaward.TherewasasuggestionthatBrownshouldbedroppedfromtheteam.Thesuggestionthatthenewrulebeadoptedcamefromthechairman.該項(xiàng)用法可全面拓展至名詞性從句，即一希望（wish），一堅(jiān)持（insist），二建議（suggest,advise），三命令（demand,require,order）后不管是動(dòng)詞后跟賓語(yǔ)從句，還是對(duì)應(yīng)名詞后跟同位語(yǔ)從句，或主表語(yǔ)從句，從句都需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（即同位語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用should+V原，should可省略）。由whether引導(dǎo)：whether是否之意，不能用if,在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)成分，同位語(yǔ)從句完整，有疑問(wèn)的含義，故常跟在doubt,question等名詞后面，或Ihavenoidea/Doyouhaveanyidea等句型后面。Thereissomedoubtwhetherhewille.Answermyquestionwhetheryouareing.Thequestionwhetheritisrightorwrongdependsontheresult.Wearenotinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.由特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)：有疑問(wèn)含義，故常跟在doubt,question等名詞后面，或Ihavenoidea/Doyouhaveanyidea等句型后面。特殊疑問(wèn)詞分為兩類：（1）疑問(wèn)代詞：what，which，who，whose包括whatclass，whatcolor等what+n一起構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)代詞。疑問(wèn)代詞往往在同位語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。Haveyouanyideawhattimeitstarts?ThenIhadnoideawhatacasinowas.（2）連接副詞：how,when,why,where以及howold,howfast等how+adj./adv.一起構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)副詞。Ihavenoideawhenhewilleback.Itisaquestionhowhedidit.Hehadnoideawhysheleft.YouhavenoideahowworriedIwas!四．分離同位語(yǔ)從句是什么？有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以和同位的名詞分開(kāi)。如：Thestorygoesthathebeatshiswife.Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.ReporthasitthattheSmithsareleavingtown.Thethoughtcametohimthatmaybetheenemyhadfledthecity.Theordersooncamethatallcitizensshouldevacuatethevillage.五．同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別有哪些？同位語(yǔ)從句的句式結(jié)構(gòu)也是：名詞+連接詞+同位語(yǔ)從句，與定語(yǔ)從句相似，但兩種從句在意義，被修飾詞，連接詞方面均有不同。意義的不同同位語(yǔ)從句是用于說(shuō)明所修飾名詞的具體內(nèi)容的，它與被修飾詞語(yǔ)通常可以劃等號(hào)；而定語(yǔ)從句是限制所修飾名詞的，它的作用是將所修飾的名詞與其他類似的東西區(qū)別。被修飾詞語(yǔ)的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞比較有限，通常有hope,wish,idea,news,fact,promise,opinion,suggestion,truth等抽象名詞；而定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞則非常廣泛，可以是抽象名詞，也可以具體名詞。ThereisahopethatwecanliveonMarsoneday.抽象名詞同從ThisisthehopeI’vealwayshad.抽象名詞定從ThisisthegirlwhoImetonthestreetyesterday.具體名詞定從連接詞不同。同位語(yǔ)從句可由that,whether即所有的特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)；而定語(yǔ)從句只能用that,who,whom,which,where,when,why,whose等連接詞。另外，when和where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，通常只修飾表示時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)的名詞；而它們引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不一定（一般跟在question，doubt等表示疑問(wèn)的名詞后面）;又如why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，它通常只修飾名詞thereason，而它引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)則不一定：Ihavenoideawhentheywille.同從I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIlivedthere.定從Wedon’tunderstandtheproblemwhythisisthebestchoice.同從Thereasonwhyhedidn’tetothemeetingisthatheisill.定從六．同位語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別有哪些？同位語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞高度相似，幾乎一模一樣，這主要是因?yàn)橥徽Z(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句都隸屬于名詞性從句（名詞性從句還有主語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)從句，連接詞的使用均相似），但在具體使用時(shí)有以下區(qū)別。所跟詞不同同位語(yǔ)從句一般跟在抽象名詞后面；而賓語(yǔ)從句一般跟在動(dòng)詞或介詞后面連接詞略微不同同位語(yǔ)從句與賓語(yǔ)從句連接詞高度相似，均分為三類：that/whether/特殊疑問(wèn)詞，只有兩點(diǎn)不同：同位語(yǔ)從句that不能省略，只能用whether不能用if。同位語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一、判斷下列句子是定語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句。1. Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.2. Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.3. Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody．Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant．4. Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?二、請(qǐng)用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空，使下列句子意思完整。1.Theyexpressedthehope_______theywouldeovertoChinasoon.2.Thefact_______hedidn’tseeTomthismorningistrue.3.Wordhase_______someAmericanguestswilletoourcollegeforavisitnextweek.4.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_______hegotthemoneyfromhishomeyesterday.5.Doyouhaveanyidea_______isactuallygoingonintheclassroom?6.Theproblem_______weshouldhavethemeetinginthehallnowmustbedecidedatonce.7.Ihavenoidea__________hewillbeback．8.Hemustanswerthequestion___________heagreestoitornot.9.Severalyearslater,wordcame__________Napoleonhimselfwasingtoinspectthem．10.Ihavenoimpression__________hewenthome,perhapsbybike.三、改錯(cuò)題。(每句都有一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤)1.Ourteamhaswonthegame,thatmadeusveryhappy.________________________________________________________2.I’veewithamessagefromMr.Wanghowhewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.________________________________________________________3.Hemustanswerthequestionifheagreeswithwhatshesaidornot.________________________________________________________4.I’vereadthebookwhereyougavemethedaybeforeyesterday.________________________________________________________5.Oneofthemenheldthepinionwhenwhatthebooksaidwasright.________________________________________________________6.Thefactwhysheworkshardiswellknowntousall.________________________________________________________7.Hissuggestionwhichthemeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.________________________________________________________8.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomewhichImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday.________________________________________________________9.Ihavenoideathatsizeshoesshewears.________________________________________________________10.Thequestionthatwilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.四．把下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1.我向他許諾說(shuō)我一到北京就給他寫信。________________________________________________________2.他經(jīng)常問(wèn)我這個(gè)問(wèn)題，那就是這個(gè)工作是否值得做。________________________________________________________3.他什么也不說(shuō)，這一事實(shí)使大家都感到驚奇。________________________________________________________4.在我看來(lái)，他剛才告訴我的這個(gè)消息是真實(shí)的。________________________________________________________5.他突然想起他本來(lái)應(yīng)該去接兒子的。________________________________________________________五、從句精練精析1.Youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal,andthisis_____Idisagree.A.why B.where C.what D.how2.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican’tunderstand_____theyinsistongoingbymotorbike.A.why B.whether C.when D.how3.Amoderncityhasbeensetupin_____wasawastelandtenyearsago.A.what B.which C.that D.where4.AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,_____ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.A.where B.what C.that D.how5.Alongwiththeletterwashispromise_____hewouldvisitmethisingChristmas.A.which B.that C.what D.whether6.Astorygoes_____ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethanbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.A.when B.where C.what D.that7.IthinkFatherwouldliketoknow_____I’vebeenuptosofar,soIdecidetosendhimaquicknote.A.which B.why C.what D.how8.TheForeignMinistersaid,“______ourhopethatthetwosideswillworktowardspeace.”A.Thisis B.Thereis C.Thatis D.Itis9.Wecannotfigureout______quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.A.that B.as C.why D.when10.Ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward,anditdoesn’tmatter_____I’mtalkingto.A.whoisit B.whoitisC.itiswho D.itiswhom答案與解析一、判斷下列句子是定語(yǔ)從句還是同位語(yǔ)從句。1.Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthefinalmatchisencouraging.同位語(yǔ)從句（從句完整）Thenewsthatyoutoldusisreallyencouraging.定語(yǔ)從句（不完整，連接詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)）2.Thesuggestionthatisworthconsideringisthatthestudentsshouldlearnsomethingpractical.定語(yǔ)從句（不完整，連接詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)）Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldlearnsomethingpracticalisworthconsidering.同位語(yǔ)從句（從句完整）3.Thefactthathesucceededintheexperimentpleasedeverybody．同位語(yǔ)從句（從句完整）Thefactthatwetalkedaboutisveryimportant．定語(yǔ)從句（不完整，連接詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)）4.Thenheraisedthequestionwheretheyweretogetthemachineneeded.同位語(yǔ)從句（從句完整）Doyouknowtheplacewherehewasborn?定語(yǔ)從句（不完整，連接詞在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)）二、1.that；2.that；3.that(分離同位語(yǔ)從句)；4.how/whether/why(若有上下文，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷具體用哪一個(gè))；5.what；6.whether；7.whether/when/how(若有上下文，根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境判斷具體用哪一個(gè))；8.whether；9.that；10.how三、1.Ourteamhaswonthegame,thatmadeusveryhappy.改為which（非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，連接詞只能用which，不能用that）2.I’veewithamessagefromMr.Wanghowhewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.改為why3.Hemustanswerthequestionifheagreeswithwhatshesaidornot.改為whether（同位語(yǔ)從句，連接詞只能用whether，不能用if；且后面有ornot）4.I’vereadthebookwhereyougavemethedaybeforeyesterday.改為that/which（定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)，且為物，故連接詞用which/that）5.Oneofthemenheldthepinionwhenwhatthebooksaidwasright.改為that（同位語(yǔ)從句陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，連接詞用that）6.Thefactwhysheworkshardiswellknowntousall.改為that（同位語(yǔ)從句陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，連接詞用that）7.Hissuggestionwhichthemeetingbedelayedwasturneddown.改為that（同位語(yǔ)從句陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，連接詞用that）8.AwarmthoughtsuddenlycametomewhichImightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother'sbirthday.改為that（同位語(yǔ)從句陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，連接詞用that）9.Ihavenoideathatsizeshoesshewears.改為what（根據(jù)句意）10.Thequestionthatwilltakehisplaceisstillnotclear.改為who（takesb’splace意為取代某人，同位語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，故連接詞用who）四、把下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1.我向他許諾說(shuō)我一到北京就給他寫信。ImadeapromisetohimthatIwillwritetohimas