2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解長難句分析解題技巧詳解考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneThedigitalagehasirrevocablytransformedthelandscapeofwork,renderingtraditionalnotionsofthefixedofficeand9-to-5scheduleincreasinglyobsolete.Asignificantcontingentoftheworkforcehasconsequentlyembracedremotework,ashiftthatpromisesunparalleledflexibilityandthepotentialforheightenedproductivity.Proponentsarguethatthismodalityfostersanenvironmentconducivetoconcentration,allowingemployeestosidestepthedistractionsinherentinbustlingofficeenvironments.Moreover,itbestowsuponindividualstheautonomytostructuretheirdaysaccordingtopersonalrhythms,potentiallyleadingtoimprovedwork-lifebalance.Thegeographicalbarrierstoemploymentaredismantled,enablingcompaniestoaccessaglobaltalentpoolandindividualstosecurepositionswithorganizationslocatedcontinentsaway.However,thetransitiontoremoteworkisnotwithoutitsconsiderablechallenges.Apervasivesenseofisolationcanpermeatethedailyexperience,asthespontaneousinteractionsandcamaraderiefosteredbyphysicalproximityareabsent.Maintainingclearboundariesbetweenprofessionalandpersonallifebecomesinherentlymoredifficultwhenone'shomeservesasbothofficeandresidence.Furthermore,thenecessityforself-disciplineandtimemanagementcanproveformidableforsome,lackingtheexternalstructureandoversightprovidedbyatraditionalworkspace.Concernsregardingcybersecurityandensuringequitableaccesstoreliabletechnologyalsocastshadowsoverthemodel'suniformity.Astheworldnavigatesthisongoingshift,organizationsaregrapplingwithhowtooptimizeremoteworkpolicies.Thedevelopmentofrobustcommunicationplatformsandtheimplementationofeffectivevirtualteam-buildinginitiativesarecrucialstepstowardsmitigatingthepitfallsofisolation.Employersmustalsoproactivelyaddressthepotentialblurringofboundaries,perhapsbyencouragingtheadoptionofdistinctworkspaceswithinthehomeandpromotingtheestablishmentofcleardailyroutines.Concurrently,investingindigitalliteracytrainingandensuringequitabletechnologicalresourcesareparamount.Ultimately,thesuccessofremoteworkhingesnotmerelyonthetechnologyemployed,butonthecultivationofasupportivecorporateculturethatvaluesflexibilitywhilefosteringasenseofbelongingandsharedpurposeamongemployees,regardlessoftheirphysicallocation.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeoftheprimaryadvantagescitedbyproponentsofremotework?2.Theword"contingent"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:3.Whatspecificchallengetoremoteworkdoesthepassageidentifythatiscloselyrelatedtothephysicalofficeenvironment?4.Thephrase"castshadowsover"inthethirdparagraphismostlikelyintendedtoconvey:5.Whatkeyfactordoesthepassagesuggestisessentialforthelong-termsuccessandintegrationofremoteworkwithinorganizations?PassageTwoBiodiversity,theintricatevarietyoflifeonEarth,operatesonadelicateequilibriumthatisvitalforthestabilityofecosystemsandtheprovisionofessentialservicestohumanity.Fromthepollinationofcropsbyinsectstothepurificationofwaterbywetlands,theseecosystemsperformfunctionsthatunderpinagriculturalproductivity,humanhealth,andoverallenvironmentalresilience.Yet,thisnaturalwealthisunderunprecedentedthreat,primarilyduetohumanactivities.Habitatdestruction,drivenbyurbanexpansionanddeforestation,standsasamajorcontributortothedeclineofnumerousspecies.Climatechangeexacerbatesthiscrisis,alteringhabitatsanddisruptingthesynchronizedtimingofecologicalevents,suchasmigrationandflowering.Theconsequencesofbiodiversitylossresonatefarbeyondthelossofindividualspecies.Ecosystemssufferingfromreduceddiversityoftenexhibitdiminishedresilience,makingthemmorevulnerabletodisturbanceslikediseaseoutbreaksorextremeweatherevents.Thisfragilitycanhavecascadingeffects,impactingnotonlynaturalsystemsbutalsohumansocietiesthatdependonthem.Forinstance,adeclineinpollinatorpopulationscouldseverelycompromisefoodsecurity,whilethedegradationofcoastalecosystemslikemangrovesdiminishesnaturalprotectionagainststormsurges.Recognizingthisprofoundinterconnectednessunderscorestheurgentneedforcomprehensiveconservationefforts.Addressingthebiodiversitycrisisrequiresamultifacetedapproachthattranscendsnationalboundariesandinvolvesdiversestakeholders.Protectingandrestoringhabitats,suchasestablishingmarineprotectedareasorreforestationprojects,arecriticalinterventions.Furthermore,promotingsustainableagriculturalandforestrypracticescanreducethepressureonnaturalecosystems.Conservationstrategiesmustbeinformedbyrobustscientificresearchtoidentifypriorityareasandspeciesmostinneedofprotection.Equallyimportantisraisingpublicawarenessandfosteringaculturalshifttowardsvaluingnature,encouragingindividualstomakeenvironmentallyconsciouschoicesintheirdailylives.Ultimately,safeguardingbiodiversityisnotmerelyanenvironmentalconcernbutafundamentalnecessityforensuringthewell-beingandsustainabilityofourplanetforcurrentandfuturegenerations.Questions:6.Whatfundamentalroledoecosystemsplayaccordingtothepassage,andwhatistheirsignificanceforhumanwell-being?7.Theword"exacerbates"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:8.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapotentialconsequenceofbiodiversitylossforhumanagriculturalproductivity?9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisanecessarycomponentofeffectiveconservationstrategiesbeyondsimplyprotectinghabitats?10.Thephrase"cascadingeffects"inthesecondparagraphrefersto:PassageThreeTheconceptof"fakenews,"whileseeminglystraightforward,encompassesacomplexandevolvingarrayofphenomenathatchallengethetraditionalfoundationsofmediacredibilityandpublictrust.Initially,thetermwasoftenassociatedwithdeliberatedisinformationcampaignsamplifiedthroughsocialmediaplatforms,particularlyduringpoliticalcrises.However,thelandscapehasbroadenedtoincludealgorithmsthatinadvertentlypromotesensationalistcontent,theproliferationofdeepfakesgeneratedbyartificialintelligence,andeventhespreadofsubtlymisleadingnarrativespresentedasobjectivereporting.Thisconfluenceoffactorshascreatedanenvironmentwherediscerningcredibleinformationfromfalsehoodsisincreasinglydifficultfortheaverageconsumer.Theimpactofthisinformationchaosextendsbeyondmereconfusion.Itcanmanipulatepublicopinion,incitesocialdivision,andunderminedemocraticprocessesbyerodingtrustinestablishedinstitutions,includingtraditionalnewsmediaoutletsandscientificbodies.Thespeedandreachaffordedbydigitalplatformsacceleratethedisseminationofmisleadingcontent,oftenoutpacingeffortstocorrectit.Furthermore,thefinancialincentivestiedtoclicksandengagementcanleadmediaoutlets,bothestablishedandemerging,towardsprioritizingsensationalorcontentiouscontentoverin-depth,fact-basedjournalism.Thisdynamiccreatesaviciouscyclewheremisinformationthrivesandcredibilitysuffers.Combatingthespreadoffakenewsrequiresaconcertedandmulti-prongedeffort.Enhancingdigitalliteracyeducationisparamount,equippingindividualswiththecriticalthinkingskillsnecessarytoevaluatesourcesandidentifypotentialbiasesormanipulativetechniques.Technologicalsolutions,suchascontentverificationtoolsandalgorithmictransparency,alsoholdpromise,thoughtheymustbedevelopedandimplementedwithcarefulconsiderationofethicalimplicationsandpotentialunintendedconsequences.Regulatoryframeworksneedtobeconsideredtoaddressthemostegregiousabuseswhilepreservingtheprinciplesoffreespeechandadiversemedialandscape.Equallycrucialisthecommitmentofjournalistsandmediaorganizationstoupholdthehigheststandardsofaccuracy,transparency,andaccountabilityintheirreporting.Onlythroughacollaborativeeffortinvolvingindividuals,technology,andresponsiblemediacanwehopetomitigatethecorrosiveeffectsoffakenewsonpublicdiscourse.Questions:11.Howhasthedefinitionandscopeof"fakenews"evolvedaccordingtothepassage?12.Theword"proliferation"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:13.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonewayinwhichthefinancialmodelofsomedigitalmediaoutletscancontributetotheproblemofmisinformation?14.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisakeyskillneededbyindividualstonavigatethechallengeoffakenews?15.Thephrase"viciouscycle"inthethirdparagraphmostlikelydescribes:PassageFourThehumanquestforknowledgehasconsistentlypushedtheboundariesofexploration,venturingfromthetangiblerealmsofthephysicalworldintotheabstractlandscapesofphilosophyandmathematics.Whileempiricalsciences,relyingonobservationandexperimentation,haveyieldedremarkableadvancementsinunderstandingthematerialuniverse,thevalueofphilosophicalinquiryandmathematicalabstractionshouldnotbeunderestimated.Philosophygrappleswithfundamentalquestionsconcerningexistence,consciousness,ethics,andtheverynatureofreality,providingframeworksforunderstandinghumanexperiencethatempiricaldataalonecannotfullycapture.Mathematics,withitsintricatesystemsoflogicandsymbols,formsthebedrockuponwhichmuchofmodernscienceandtechnologyisconstructed,offeringprecisetoolsfordescribingandpredictingphenomena.Therelationshipbetweenthesedisciplinesisoftencharacterizedmorebycollaborationthanbystrictseparation.Scientificdiscoveriesfrequentlyinspirephilosophicaldebatesabouttheirimplicationsforhumanityandourunderstandingofthecosmos,whilephilosophicalconceptscan,inturn,guidethedirectionofscientificinquiry.Forinstance,ethicalconsiderationsderivedfromphilosophicalthoughtareessentialinareassuchasartificialintelligenceandgeneticengineering.Similarly,theabstractbeautyandrigorouslogicfoundinmathematicsnotonlyfuelscientificprogressbutalsoofferawindowintotheunderlyingorderandstructureperceivedwithinthenaturalworld.Thisinterplaysuggeststhataholisticapproach,integratinginsightsfrombothempiricalinvestigationandabstractreasoning,isoftenmostfruitfulforaddressingcomplexquestions.However,thereexistsatendencywithinsomeacademicandpopulardiscoursetoundervaluedisciplinesperceivedasless"practical."Thefocusontangibleoutcomesandimmediateapplicationscanleadtoade-emphasisonfoundationalinquiriesinphilosophyandpuremathematics,perhapsviewingthemasirrelevantorevensuperfluousinanagepreoccupiedwithtechnologicalinnovation.Thisperspective,however,riskscreatingintellectualblindspots.Asocietythatneglectstheexplorationoffundamentalquestionsandthedevelopmentofrigorousabstractthoughtmayfinditselfill-equippedtoaddressemergingethicaldilemmasortopursuegroundbreakinginnovationsthatrequirenovelconceptualframeworks.Ultimately,atrulycomprehensiveunderstandingofthehumanconditionandourplaceintheuniversenecessitatesthecontinuednurturingofboththeempiricalspiritofinquiryandtheprofounddepthofphilosophicalandmathematicalabstraction.Questions:16.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomekeyareasofinquirycharacteristicofphilosophy?17.Thephrase"interplay"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:18.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneexampleofhowphilosophicalthoughtcaninformscientificdevelopment?19.Whatpotentialnegativeconsequencedoesthepassagesuggestforasocietythatundervaluesphilosophicalandmathematicalpursuits?20.Whatdoesthepassageultimatelyargueisnecessaryforacomprehensiveunderstandingofthehumancondition?試卷答案PassageOne1.D*解析思路：*題目問支持遠程工作的主要優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)第一段，支持者認為遠程工作提供了無與倫比的可靈活性（unparalleledflexibility），允許員工集中精力（allowingemployeestosidestepthedistractions），并使員工能夠根據(jù)自己的節(jié)奏安排一天（allowingemployeestostructuretheirdaysaccordingtopersonalrhythms），潛在地提高了工作效率（potentialforheightenedproductivity）。選項D“提供靈活性、專注環(huán)境以及潛在的生產(chǎn)力提升”概括了這些主要優(yōu)勢。2.A*解析思路：*題目問"contingent"最接近的意思。根據(jù)上下文，“Asignificantcontingentoftheworkforcehasconsequentlyembracedremotework”，這里指代的是“工作隊伍中的一個重要部分或群體”。選項A“群體，一部分”符合此意。3.A*解析思路：*題目問文章指出的與物理辦公室環(huán)境密切相關的一個遠程工作挑戰(zhàn)。根據(jù)第二段，“Apervasivesenseofisolationcanpermeatethedailyexperience,asthespontaneousinteractionsandcamaraderiefosteredbyphysicalproximityareabsent.”意思是，由于缺乏物理上的接近所培養(yǎng)的自發(fā)互動和情誼，會彌漫著普遍的孤立感。這與辦公室環(huán)境中通常存在的社交互動形成對比。選項A“缺乏辦公室環(huán)境中典型的社交互動和同事間的非正式聯(lián)系”是正確的。4.B*解析思路：*題目問"castshadowsover"最可能傳達的意思。根據(jù)上下文，“Concernsregardingcybersecurityandensuringequitableaccesstoreliabletechnologyalsocastshadowsoverthemodel'suniformity.”意思是，關于網(wǎng)絡安全和確?？煽考夹g公平獲取的擔憂，影響了遠程工作模式的一致性。選項B“帶來負面影響或損害”符合文意，這些擔憂對“uniformity”（一致性）造成了不利影響。5.D*解析思路：*題目問文章暗示對遠程工作在組織內(nèi)長期成功和整合至關重要的關鍵因素。根據(jù)第三段，“Ultimately,thesuccessofremoteworkhingesnotmerelyonthetechnologyemployed,butonthecultivationofasupportivecorporateculturethatvaluesflexibilitywhilefosteringasenseofbelongingandsharedpurposeamongemployees,regardlessoftheirphysicallocation.”意思是，遠程工作的成功不僅取決于所使用的技術，還取決于培養(yǎng)一種支持性的企業(yè)文化，這種文化重視靈活性，同時培養(yǎng)員工無論身在何處都具備的歸屬感和共同目標。選項D“建立一種支持性的企業(yè)文化，強調(diào)靈活性、歸屬感和共同目標”是正確的。PassageTwo6.A*解析思路：*題目問生態(tài)系統(tǒng)扮演的角色及其對人類福祉的意義。根據(jù)第一段，“Ecosystemsperformfunctionsthatunderpinagriculturalproductivity,humanhealth,andoverallenvironmentalresilience.”意思是，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行支撐農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力、人類健康和環(huán)境整體彈性的功能。選項A“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行支撐農(nóng)業(yè)、健康和環(huán)境的各項功能，對人類福祉至關重要”概括了這一點。7.C*解析思路：*題目問"exacerbates"最接近的意思。根據(jù)上下文，“Climatechangeexacerbatesthiscrisis,alteringhabitatsanddisruptingthesynchronizedtimingofecologicalevents...”意思是，氣候變化加劇了這個危機，改變了棲息地并擾亂了生態(tài)事件的同步時間。選項C“加劇，使惡化”符合此意。8.C*解析思路：*題目問根據(jù)文章，生物多樣性喪失對人類農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力的一個潛在后果。根據(jù)第二段，“Forinstance,adeclineinpollinatorpopulationscouldseverelycompromisefoodsecurity...”意思是，傳粉媒介種群的減少可能嚴重損害糧食安全。選項C“損害糧食安全，導致農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量下降或需要更多人工授粉”是正確的。9.D*解析思路：*題目問文章暗示有效保護策略除了保護棲息地之外還需要的一個必要組成部分。根據(jù)第三段，“Conservationstrategiesmustalsobeinformedbyrobustscientificresearchtoidentifypriorityareasandspeciesmostinneedofprotection.”意思是，保護策略還必須得到堅實的科學研究的支持，以確定優(yōu)先區(qū)域和最需要保護的物種。選項D“基于科學研究的指導，確定優(yōu)先保護區(qū)域和物種”是正確的。10.B*解析思路：*題目問"cascadingeffects"在第二段中指的是什么。根據(jù)上下文，“Ecosystemssufferingfromreduceddiversityoftenexhibitdiminishedresilience,makingthemmorevulnerabletodisturbanceslikediseaseoutbreaksorextremeweatherevents.Thisfragilitycanhavecascadingeffects,impactingnotonlynaturalsystemsbutalsohumansocieties...”意思是，生物多樣性減少導致生態(tài)系統(tǒng)脆弱，更容易受到干擾（如疾病爆發(fā)或極端天氣），這種脆弱性會產(chǎn)生級聯(lián)效應，影響自然系統(tǒng)和人類社會。選項B“一系列相互關聯(lián)且影響深遠的負面后果”符合文意，指一個影響引發(fā)另一個影響，產(chǎn)生連鎖反應。11.C*解析思路：*題目問“fakenews”的定義和范圍如何演變。根據(jù)第一段，“Initially,thetermwasoftenassociatedwithdeliberatedisinformationcampaigns...However,thelandscapehasbroadenedtoincludealgorithmsthatinadvertentlypromotesensationalistcontent,theproliferationofdeepfakes...andeventhespreadofsubtlymisleadingnarrativespresentedasobjectivereporting.”意思是，最初它通常與蓄意的虛假信息運動相關，但范圍已擴大，包括算法無意中推廣的聳人聽聞內(nèi)容、深度偽造的泛濫，甚至作為客觀報道傳播的微妙誤導性敘述。選項C“范圍從最初主要指蓄意的虛假信息運動，擴展到包括算法錯誤推薦、深度偽造以及偽裝成客觀報道的微妙誤導”概括了這一演變。12.D*解析思路：*題目問"proliferation"最接近的意思。根據(jù)上下文，“theproliferationofdeepfakesgeneratedbyartificialintelligence”指的是由人工智能生成的深度偽造現(xiàn)象的激增或擴散。選項D“激增，大量產(chǎn)生”符合此意。13.A*解析思路：*題目問根據(jù)文章，一些數(shù)字媒體機構的財務模式如何助長了錯誤信息的傳播。根據(jù)第三段，“Thespeedandreachaffordedbydigitalplatformsacceleratethedisseminationofmisleadingcontent,oftenoutpacingeffortstocorrectit.Furthermore,thefinancialincentivestiedtoclicksandengagementcanleadmediaoutlets...towardsprioritizingsensationalorcontentiouscontentoverin-depth,fact-basedjournalism.”意思是，數(shù)字平臺賦予的速度和范圍加速了誤導性內(nèi)容的傳播，而與點擊和參與度相關的財務激勵可能導致媒體機構優(yōu)先考慮聳人聽聞或有爭議的內(nèi)容。選項A“通過優(yōu)先考慮能帶來點擊和參與度的高關注度內(nèi)容來追求利潤”是正確的。14.B*解析思路：*題目問文章暗示個人需要具備以應對虛假新聞挑戰(zhàn)的關鍵技能。根據(jù)第三段，“Enhancingdigitalliteracyeducationisparamount,equippingindividualswiththecriticalthinkingskillsnecessarytoevaluatesourcesandidentifypotentialbiasesormanipulativetechniques.”意思是，提高數(shù)字素養(yǎng)教育至關重要，它能為個人提供批判性思維能力，以評估信息來源并識別潛在的偏見或操縱技巧。選項B“批判性思維，以評估信息來源和識別偏見”是正確的。15.E*解析思路：*題目問"viciouscycle"在第三段中最可能描述的內(nèi)容。根據(jù)上下文，“Thespeedandreachaffordedbydigitalplatformsacceleratethedisseminationofmisleadingcontent,oftenoutpacingeffortstocorrectit.Furthermore,thefinancialincentivestiedtoclicksandengagementcanlead...towardsprioritizingsensationalcontent,overin-depthjournalism.Thisdynamiccreatesaviciouscyclewheremisinformationthrivesandcredibilitysuffers.”意思是，數(shù)字平臺加速了錯誤信息的傳播，而財務激勵導致媒體追求聳人聽聞的內(nèi)容，這造成了一種惡性循環(huán)，錯誤信息盛行，可信度下降。選項E“一個負面循環(huán)，其中錯誤信息因缺乏有效遏制而不斷擴散，導致可信度進一步降低”符合文意。