定語從句

relativeclause限制性定語從句

restrictiverelativeclause

who/whom/that/which/whoseDeclanisafamoussinger.Hesingsthesongtellmewhy.ingsDeclanisafamoussingerwho

singsthesongtellmewhy.Leading-inHeisapopularsinger

whosesongispopularamongyoungpeople.Heisapopularsinger.Hissongispopularamongyoungpeople.Alliswellthatendswell.結(jié)局好,一切都好。Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.誰笑到最后誰笑得最好。Whatclausesentenses從句

arethey?Restrictive限制性relative定語clauses從句Restrictive限制性和non-restrictive非限制性relative定語clauses從句共同點：定語從句，修飾名詞/代詞不同點：1.形式不同：非限制性有“,”Heisapopularsingerwhosesongispopular.限制性Heisapopularsinger,whowritessongsdayandnight.非2.關(guān)系詞：非限制性不能使用that3.由于限定范圍不同導(dǎo)致意思不同JayChouisaperson,whoishandsome.非限制性，

不限制，可能只有1個周杰倫JayChouisapersonwhoishandsome.限制性，限制person，不止一個人叫周杰倫

課本P52.Ex1.Findandunderlinetherestrictiverelativeclausesinthesentencesbelow.

TheTangshanearthquakewasaterrible

experience

thatmygreat-grandmacannotforget.?Thecouple

wholivenexttousvolunteeredtohelpafterthevolcanoerupted.?The

supplies

whichwereprovidedtothedisasterareawerecollectedfromaroundthecountry.Presentation?MrLiisan

architect

whosedesignsforthenewtownhavewonpraise.?AdoctorwithwhomJamesusedtowork

diedinthe2016earthquakeinEcuador.修飾人時：作主語，可用作賓語，可用修飾人時，誰的，統(tǒng)一用總結(jié)：修飾人時，（除了介詞+賓語），統(tǒng)一用who/thatwho/thatwho/that/whom/可省略whose修飾物時：作主語，可用作賓語，可用修飾物時，什么的，統(tǒng)一用總結(jié)：修飾物時，（除了介詞+賓語），統(tǒng)一用which/thatwhich/thatwhich/that/可省略whose總結(jié)：修飾人/物，都可用that；誰的/什么的，用whosewho/whom/thatwho/thatthat/whichthat/whichwho/whom/thatwhose56．Onsocialmediasites,peopletendtopostonlypositiveupdates信息___________makethemappearhappyandfriendly.57．WalkandTalkisperfectforanyone___________

weekendsneedsomeexcitement.58．You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthestation___________

youcanhire租借toreachyourhostfamily.59．Theresearchfoundthatpeople___________

keepfitaremorelikelytohavebettermemoriesandclearerthinking.60．Doyouknowthepersonwith___________

Ishookhandsjustnow?that/whichwhosethat/whichwho/that

whom1103英語周測特殊規(guī)則1：介詞with+whom修飾人；介詞with+which修飾物沒有somethingthat/whichthatthatthat巧學(xué)活用2寫出下面定語從句中使用關(guān)系代詞that的原因①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespeciesthatlivewithintheGiantPandaRange.__________________________________________________________②ThisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgamesthatIhaveeverseen.__________________________________________________________③Thisistheonlythingthatwecandonow.__________________________________________________________④Thescientistandhisachievementsthatyoutoldmeaboutareadmiredbyusall.__________________________________________________________先行詞被不定代詞all修飾先行詞footballgames前面有最高級themostexciting修飾先行詞thing前面有theonly修飾先行詞為既有表示人(Thescientist)又有表示物(hisachievements)的名詞whowho

that/whichthat/whom/whowhose

that/which

that/whom/whowhowhosethatthat/whichwhosewhosethat/whichthatthat/whom/whothat/which1．Onthefirstday,Ishouldwanttoseethepeople___________kindnessandgentlenessandcompanionshiphavemademylifeworthliving.2.Iamsureheisoneofthesmartestpeople_________Ihaveevermet.3．Thethingsandpersons_______________influencedpeoplemostoftenshapedtheirvalues.4..Mysister,_________isjuniortomebytwoyears,studiesinthethirdgradeinajuniorhighschool,___________isnearabusstationwhosethatthatwhowhich限時訓(xùn)練六特殊規(guī)則：非限制性（有,）定語從句中，除了that不能用，其他語法規(guī)則不變非限制性定語從句不能用that5．Inthebusyworld________welivein,weallneedarelaxingholiday.6．Itsoundedlikeatrain___________wasgoingundermyhouse.7．We'llneverforgettheheroes___________broughtpeoplehopeindifficulttimes.8．Whoistheman____________isstandingthere?9.Whathepresentedjustnowistheverycase_____________Iwanttointroducetoyou.that/whichthat/whichthat/whothatthatDoyouknowtheperson___________

Ishookhandswithjustnow?Thisisthecity_________Ilivedin.whom/who/thatwhich/that介詞+賓語；缺賓語，修飾人，用whom/who/that介詞+賓語；缺賓語，修飾物，用which/thatDoyouknowthepersonwith___________

Ishookhandsjustnow?Thisisthecityin_________Ilived.特殊規(guī)則：把介詞提前，強調(diào)介詞；介詞with+whom修飾人；介詞with+which修飾物whomwhich介詞前置2)Theterribleshakingofthebuildingwokeupallthepeople_____wereasleep.3)Thenextday,peopleputupsheltersintheopenairusinganything____theycouldfind.課本P52Ex2Completeeachsentencewiththat,which,who,whose,whom,or“/”.ThentranslatethesentencesintoChinese.1)Herearesomeofthepeople______homesweredestroyedbythetyphoon.whosewhothat這里一些人的房子被臺風(fēng)摧毀了。劇烈震動的建筑物使所有熟睡的人都驚醒了。第二天，人們在戶外用他們能找到的任何東西搭起了庇護所。5)Theinjuredboy________motherwaslostinthedisasterwastakentothehospital.4)Severaldayslater,mostofthebuildings____hadbeendamagedbythehurricanewererepaired.that幾天后，大部分被颶風(fēng)毀壞的建筑物都修復(fù)了。whose那個受傷男孩的母親在災(zāi)難中喪生，他被送去了醫(yī)院。6)Thewomanwroteathank-youlettertothesoldierby_____shewasrescued.whom這名婦女給救助她的士兵寫了一封感謝信。7)Isthistheyoungboy_____savedseveralotherstudentstrappedunderbuildings?who這就是把幾個困在建筑物下面的學(xué)生解救出來的男孩吧？P90EX1Fillintheblankswiththat,which,who,whose,orwhom.1Adisasterisaverybadaccidentorasuddenevent________________usuallycausesgreatdamageandcanruinmanypeople'slives.2Thewomanwantedtofindandthankthefirefighter________________rescuedherfromthefire.3Atyphoonisanextremelystrongwind__________________oftenhappensintheWesternPacificOcean.4.Thechildren__________parentscouldnotbefoundwerelookedafterbyneighboursandfriends.5Atsunamiisaverylargewave_______________isoftencausedbyanearthquakeunderthesea.6Peopleto__________muchisgivenarepeopleof__________muchwillbeexpected.which/thatwho/thatwhich/thatwhosewhich/thatwhomwhom限制性定語從句

restrictiverelativeclause

where/why/whenwhich/thatThisisthecity_________Ilived.???????which特殊規(guī)則：把介詞提前，強調(diào)介詞；介詞with+whom修飾人；介詞with+which修飾物Thisisthecity_________Ilivedin.Thisisthecityin_________Ilived.[語法體會]標出下列定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞①ThetimewhenIfirstmetMarywasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.②TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.③Thereasonwhyhedidn'tcometoschoolyesterdayisn'tbelievable.答案：①when

②where

③whyPresentation被動語態(tài)還缺賓語嗎？China

held

the29thOlympicGames.中國舉辦了第29屆奧運會。主動語態(tài)：The29thOlympicGames

washeld.第29屆奧運會被舉辦。被動語態(tài)：The29thOlympicGames

washeld

by.被動語態(tài)中，如有介詞如by/in/on，則缺名詞/賓語；否則句子完整The29thOlympicGames

washeld

in.The29thOlympicGames

washeld

on

.主語+謂語結(jié)構(gòu)被誰舉辦？ByChina在哪被舉辦？inBeijing/China何時被舉辦？OnAug8,2008[知識精要]定語從句除了由關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)外，還可由關(guān)系副詞when，where，why引導(dǎo)，它們在從句中作狀語。一、關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．when表示時間，代替先行詞在定語從句中作時間狀語，其先行詞往往是表示時間的名詞，如time，day，hour，year等。Wewillneverforgettheyearwhen

the29thOlympicGames

wereheld

inBeijing.我們將永遠不會忘記第29屆奧運會在北京舉辦的那一年。被動語態(tài)I

spend

toomuchtimewatchingtelevision.我看電視花的時間太多。Thisisnotagoodplaceforyoutolive.這個地方不適合你居住。Theyliveinasmallhometown.他們住在一個小城鎮(zhèn)里。及物動詞，后+名詞/賓語；不及物動詞后可不加名詞/賓語；不及物動詞+介詞+名詞/賓語（不）及物動詞后+名詞？I

spend

toomuchtimewatchingtelevision.我看電視花的時間太多。Theywantedtospend

theeveningbythemselves.他們想要單獨度過這個夜晚。Businessmenspend

enormousamountsadvertisingtheirproducts.商人們花巨額資金為他們的產(chǎn)品做廣告。spend是及物動詞（后+名詞/賓語）還是不及物動詞？spend是及物動詞，后+名詞/賓語Spend是及物or不及物動詞？[誤區(qū)警示]當先行詞是時間名詞時，既可以用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可以用that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句，關(guān)鍵要看它在定語從句中作何種成分。若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當狀語，則用when引導(dǎo)；若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當主語或賓語，則用that或which引導(dǎo)。Doyourememberthedays

that/which

we

spenttogetheronthefarm？你還記得我們在農(nóng)場一起度過的那些日子嗎？(that/which作spend的賓語)Doyourememberthedays

when

we

chattedwith

eachotherallnight？你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？(when在從句中作狀語)2．where表示地點，代替先行詞在定語從句中作地點狀語，其先行詞往往是表示地點的名詞，如place，factory工廠，house，village等。Theygottoacountrycottage，wheretheywerewarmlyreceived.他們來到一家農(nóng)舍，在那里他們受到熱情的招待。[誤區(qū)警示]當先行詞為地點名詞時，如果代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語，則用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句。Theygottoacountrycottage

inwhichtheywerewarmlyreceived.Theygottoacountrycottage

whichtheywerewarmlyreceivedin.3．why表示原因，代替先行詞在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞一般是reason。Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhewasn'tpresentat

themeetingyesterday.我不知道昨天他為什么沒有出席會議。[誤區(qū)警示]若代替先行詞reason的關(guān)系詞在定語從句中不作狀語，而是充當主語或賓語，則用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句。Idon’tknowthereasonthat/whichhetoldme.二、關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞的選用定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞可用以下兩種方式判斷：用法依據(jù)根據(jù)從句謂語動詞判斷是及物動詞，后面若無賓語，用關(guān)系代詞；是不及物動詞則用關(guān)系副詞根據(jù)先行詞在從句中作的成分判斷把先行詞放進定語從句中，若作主語或賓語用關(guān)系代詞；作狀語則用關(guān)系副詞Thisisthefactory

whereheusedtowork.這是他以前工作過的那家工廠。(work是不及物動詞)Thisisthefactory(that/which)Ivisitedlastyear.這是我去年參觀過的那家工廠。(visit是及物動詞)Isthisthemuseum(that/which)youvisitedafewdaysago?這就是你幾天前參觀的那家博物館嗎？(從句缺少賓語)Isthisthemuseumwheretheexhibitionwasheld?這就是舉辦展覽的那家博物館嗎？(從句缺少地點狀語)四、when,where和why與

“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的替換Thedateon_________IjoinedthePartywasOctober12,2018.Thedate_________

IjoinedthePartywasOctober12,2018.我入黨的日期是2018年10月12日。1．when=“at/in/during/on等＋which”。whichwhen四、when,where和why與

“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的替換2．Thehousein_______Tomlivedisnowalibrary.live是不及物動詞

湯姆住過的那棟房子現(xiàn)在是圖書館了。Thehouse_________

Tomlivedisnowalibrary.where=“in/at/on等＋which”。whichwhere四、when,where和why與

“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的替換Isthatthereasonfor________________shewasabsentfrommeeting？那就是她沒有出席會議的原因嗎？Isthatthereason________________shewasabsentfrommeeting？3．why=“for＋which”。whichwhy五、where引導(dǎo)的定語從句與狀語從句的區(qū)別1．where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，它是關(guān)系副詞，在定語從句中作地點狀語，其前有一個表示地點的先行詞。Isthereashoparoundwhere(＝inwhich)wecangetsomefruit？附近有我們可以買到水果的商店嗎？2．where引導(dǎo)狀語從句時，where為從屬連詞。where引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句修飾主句中的謂語動詞，where前面沒有表示地點的名詞。Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.有志者，事竟成。Weshouldgowhereweareneeded.我們應(yīng)當?shù)叫枰覀兊牡胤饺ァ３Ｒ姷募拔飫釉~(后必須要+名詞/賓語)：He

reached

Paris

thedaybeforeyesterday.主謂賓Pleasehandmethebook.主謂+雙賓語handsbsthTheyaskedmetogofishingwiththem.主謂賓+賓補其他及物動詞：Buy,visit,make,take,say,see,watch,catch,show,常見的不及物動詞（后不能直接+賓語，僅主+謂結(jié)構(gòu)）：ThisistheroomwhereIoncelived.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)不及物動詞若要接賓語，必須+介詞+賓語Thechildrenarelistening

to

themusic.Sheislaughing

at

thechild.常見的不及物動詞：Listen,go,work,agree,fail,succeedIworkinafarm.Idon’tagreewithyou.Ifailed/succeedagain.①Idon'tknowtheexacttime________thesportsmeetwilltakeplace不及物.Idon'tknowwhichday_____________thesportsmeetwilltakeplaceon.②Theexactyear___________Angelaandherfamilyspent及物動詞togetherinChinais2008.④Theman_______________youspoketojustnowisourEnglishteacher.Themanto_______________youspokejustnowisourEnglishteacher.⑤Ibelievethereason___________Marygave及物動詞forherabsencefromtheschool.Ibelievethereason___________Marygaveitforherabsencefromtheschool.③Thatwastheway_____________________sheworkedtheproblemout.when

(which/that)whom/who/thatthat/which

thatwhomthat/inwhich/省略whyway+that/inwhich/省略+句子（非）限制性定語從句

restrictiverelativeclause

介詞+whom/whichDoyouknowtheperson___________

Ishookhandswithjustnow?Thisisthecity_________Ilivedin.whom/who/thatwhich/that介詞+賓語；缺賓語，修飾人，用whom/who/that介詞+賓語；缺賓語，修飾物，用which/thatDoyouknowthepersonwith___________

Ishookhandsjustnow?Thisisthecityin_________Ilived.特殊規(guī)則：把介詞提前，強調(diào)介詞；介詞with+whom修飾人；介詞with+which修飾物whomwhich介詞前置3．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句(1)五種構(gòu)成形式構(gòu)成句法功能用法指津名詞(代詞)＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞主語可轉(zhuǎn)化為“whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)數(shù)詞(形容詞最高級)＋of＋關(guān)系代詞主語數(shù)詞還可以用some，many，most，each等不定代詞替換介詞(短語)＋關(guān)系代詞狀語關(guān)系代詞只能用which或whom且不能省略，但可與關(guān)系副詞互換介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞狀語關(guān)系代詞常用which和whose介詞＋關(guān)系副詞狀語有時為了表達清楚，還可以在關(guān)系副詞where/when前加介詞from或toShehastwobrothersandbothof_______aredoctors.Shehastwobrothers,bothof__________aredoctors.Ihavemanybooksandmostof_________arecartoons.Ihavemanybooks,mostof_________arecartoons.them/whom/whichthemthemwhomwhich(2017江蘇卷)In1963,theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.AwhichBitsCwhoseDwhomC其中之一的目的是……謂語動詞用單數(shù)or復(fù)數(shù)？Thisisacomputersystemwhich/that_______veryuseful.(be)Idislikeplaceswhich/that_______noisy.(be)Sheisoneofmyfriendswho/that___________uniforms.(wear)She,who___________uniforms,isoneofmyfriends.(wear)isare總結(jié)：定語從句中的謂語動詞取決于先行詞（所修飾名詞/代詞）的單復(fù)數(shù)wearwears介詞+which/whom中介詞的選擇基礎(chǔ)達標維度一用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞或“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”填空1．Isawahouse_______windowsarebroken.2．Idon'tlikecities_____________havealotoffactories.3．Ishallneverforgettheday_________________wefirstmet不及物inapark.4．Theperson___________losesthelibrarybookmustpay