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TheQuantumLeap:

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TopicsCovered

INTRODUCTION

Techoverview&materials

MARKET&INVESTMENTS

Majortrends,investors,&deals

USECASES&STARTUPS

Applicationsin3majorindustries

FINALCONSIDERATIONS

Business&investmentperspective

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Introduction

Definitions,History,&QCComponents

WhatAreQuantumTechnologies?

QuantumTechnologiesaredefinedasaclassoftechnologiesthatharnesstheprinciplesofquantummechanics(thephysicsofsub-atomicparticles),whichincludetwofundamentalprinciples:superpositionandentanglement.

Entanglement

Superposition

Superpositionisthemeaningthataquantumparticlecanbeinmultiplestatesatthesametime.

Entanglementiswhenthestateofoneparticle

automaticallytellsyoutheinformationaboutthestateofitscompanion.

CLASSICALCOMPUTING

Classicalcomputersusebits

(binaryinformation),renderingeither0or1asastateof

information.Theyusesequentialprocessing,processingone

pieceofinformationatatime.

QUANTUMCOMPUTING

Quantumcomputersusequbits(quantumbits)thatareneither0nor1butbothatthesame

time.Theyuseparallel

processing,harnessingmultiplepossibilitiessimultaneously(e.g.,dotsinthesphere).

0

Originally,whenflippingtwocoinssimultaneously,theoutcomeswereindependentofeachother,witha50%chanceofhavingeitherheadsortails.

0

Now,imagineyouandyourfriendhaveentangledcoins.Yourcoinsarenowcorrelated!Thismeansnomatterwhereyouare,theoutcome(headsortails)will

automaticallygiveyourfriend’soutcome.

Bits

Qubits

1

1

Source:

ScienceDirect,2022

FromtheBirthofQuantumMechanicstotheDevelopmentofQuantumTechnologies

Thequantum

advantage—

Photonic-basedQC“Jiuzhang”

IBMreleaseofHeronR2—156qubits

enabling512

operations

Wave-particleduality

byLouisdeBroglie

ShorFactoringAlgorithm

1924

1994

2020

2024

Birthofquantum

mechanics(Gustav

Kirchhoff—blackbodyradiationtheorem)

1859

>

1982

2001

2022

2035

Introductionto

QuantumcomputerbyRichardFeynman

匣psiQuantum

PSIQuantumpromises1Mphotonicqubits

IBMdeveloped

Hosprey,aQPUwith

433qubits

Experimental

factorisationof15byIBM

1890

Birthofthe“quanta”byMaximilianPlanck

Source:

UniversityofStAndrews,1996

|

QuantumComputingMeetsArtificialIntelligence:InnovationsandChallenges,2022

QuantumComputing(QC)

Isanewtypeofcomputingsystemthatusesquantumphysics

principlestosolvecomplex

problemsfasterorbetterthanclassicalcomputers.

QCareofdifferenttypes!

STARTUPS

QuantumTechnologiesAreMadeof3Segments

QuantumCommunication(Qcom)

Isthesecureprocessofexchanginginformationfromasendertoa

receiveracrossdistances.

Quantumcommunicationincludes:QKD/QuantumNetwork/PQC

STARTUPS

米Qryptwelinq

'Quside

QuantumSensing(QS)

Arenewtypesofsensorsbasedonquantumsystemsthatprovide

moresensitivemeasurements

thanclassicalsystems(ex.,forGPSandbrainscanners)

STARTUPS

Source:

OlivierEzratty,2024

QuantumTechnologiesAreMadeof3Segments

QuantumSensing(QS)

QuantumComputing(QC)

QuantumCommunication(Qcom)

Isanewtypeofcomputingsystemthatusesquantumphysics

principlestosolvecomplex

problemsfasterorbetterthanclassicalcomputers.

QCareofdifferenttypes!

Isthesecureprocessofexchanginginformationfromasendertoa

receiveracrossdistances.

Quantumcommunicationincludes:QKD/QuantumNetwork/PQC

Arenewtypesofsensorsbasedonquantumsystemsthatprovide

moresensitivemeasurements

thanclassicalsystems(ex.,forGPSandbrainscanners)

STARTUPS

STARTUPS

STARTUPS

米Qryptwelinq

'Quside

Source:

OlivierEzratty,2024

QuantumComputingvs.ClassicalComputing

Aspect

ClassicalComputing

QuantumComputing

WhichOneHasthe

Advantage?

BasicUnit

BinaryBits(0or1)

Quantumbits(qubits)thatcanexistinmultiplestatessimultaneouslyduetosuperpositionandentanglement

Quantum

ProcessingMethod

Sequentialprocessingofinformation

Parallelprocessingenabledby

superpositionandentanglement,

allowingforsimultaneouscomputation

Quantum

ComputationalPower

Limitedbythenumberofbitsandtheirstates,powerincreasesata1:1ratio

withtransistors

Exponentialcomputationalpowerwiththeabilitytoexploremultiplesolutionsthroughquantumproperties

Quantum

ProblemSolving

Suitedfortraditionalcomputingtaskslikedataprocessingandcalculations

Superiorforsolvingcomplexproblemssuchasoptimization,cryptography,andsimulation

Quantum

Speed

Operatesatadefinedspeedbasedonclockcycles

Cansolveproblemssignificantlyfasterthanclassicalcomputersdueto

parallelismandquantumproperties

Classical

ErrorCorrection

Classicalcomputersrelyonerror

correctioncodestorectifymistakes(lowerrorrates)

Tendtohavehighererrorrates

Classical

EnvironmentalSuitability

Operateefficientlyintypicaloffice

settingsatroomtemperature,donotneedspecializedcooling

Requirecolderenvironmentsand

precisecontrolduetothesensitivityofqubitstoexternalfactors

Classical

Source:

McKinsey,2021

Source:

OlivierEzratty,2024

AnalogQuantumComputers

QuantumAnnealingComputers

Aquantumannealerisatypeof

quantumcomputerthataimstosolveoptimizationproblems.

AnalogQuantumSimulators

Arespecializeddevicesthatmimicthebehaviourofcomplexquantumsystems,suchasmoleculesor

materials.

INSIGHTS

Analogquantumcomputersusecontinuousquantumdynamicstosolvespecificoptimizationproblemsbyevolvingaphysicalsystemtowarditslowestenergystate.Thisapproachisgenerallymorespecializedandlessflexible,butcanbeeffectiveforparticularclassesofproblemslike

combinatorialoptimization.

EXAMPLES

WhatAretheDifferencesBetweenQuantumComputers?

Thequantumcomputingfamilycanbeanalysedintwodifferentblocks:

DigitalQuantumComputers

Gate-Based

Dataarestoredasquantumbits

NISQ

(NoisyIntermediateScaleQuantum)Noerrorcorrectionwithafewnoisyqubits

FTQC

(Fault-TolerantQuantumComputers)

Errorcorrectionandfaulttolerancearemanaged

INSIGHTS

Digitalquantumcomputers,alsoknownasgate-basedsystems,manipulate

quantumbits(qubits)usingasequenceofdiscretequantumlogicgates,similartoclassicaldigitalcomputers.Thisgate-basedmodeloffersgreater

universalityandprogrammability,enablingtheexecutionofawiderangeofquantumalgorithms,suchasShor’sorGrover’s,makingitmoresuitableforgeneral-purposequantumcomputation.

EXAMPLES

回psiQuantum

Source:

McKinsey,2024

QuantumComputing’sValueChain

Thequantumvaluechaincomprisesavarietyoftechnologies,fromtheequipmentandmaterialscomponentstotheservicesandapplicationsrequiredforthequantumcomputer'sbackandfrontend.

OfferingofQCcapabilitieseitherviatheirowncloudsolutionordedicatedcloudplayeranddistributionofQC

softwaretoendusers

Providersofhardwarecomponentsforquantumcomputers(e.g.,

semiconductors,electronic

components,anddilutionrefrigerators)

Cloudservices

Equipment/Components

Hardware

SystemsSoftwareApplicationSoftwareServices

Manufacturingoffull-

scalequantumcomputersandsimulators

Developmentof

algorithmsthatrunonthecomputer/equipmentandinteractwiththe

systemlayers

Consultingandeducationservicesaboutthe

strategicand

technologicalaspectsofquantumtechnologies

Developmentofsoftwarethatinteractswiththe

quantumprocessingunit(e.g.,low-level

programming)

DeepDiveIntoEachComponentsoftheValueChain

HARDWARE

SYSTEMS&APPLICATIONSOFTWARE

CLOUDSERVICES

EDUCATIONSERVICES

HardwareArchitecture

HARDWARE

Thereare5layerscomposingaDigitalQuantumComputer.

Thisillustrationdescribessolidqubitstateinfrastructures(e.g.,spinqubits,superconductorqubits,etc.)inoppositiontonaturalqubitstates(e.g.Zatom-based,trappedions).Dependingonthetypeofqubitsusedtheinfrastructurecomponentsmightdiffer.

5thLayer:Hostprocessor—Classicalcomputer

4thLayer:Coolingsystem—Maintainstabilityofqubits

3rdLayer:Controlandmeasurementplane—Operates

2ndLayer:Controlprocessorplane—Managesqubits

1stLayer:Quantumdataplane—Wherethequbitsreside

Qubits

Source:

MSCodes,2025

SomeDigitalandAnalogComputerTypes

Gate-Based

Analog

HARDWARE

Seedround:$19M

Type:Superconducting

Price:Undisclosed

IPO:August2022

Type:Superconducting

Price:$15M

Analog

Gate-Based

SeriesB:100M

Type:NeutralAtoms

Price:Undisclosed

IPO:January2021

Type:Trappedion

Price:Undisclosed

Source:

OlivierEzratty,2024

|

SpinQ,2025

|

TheVerge,2025

QuantumComputing’sValueChain

HARDWARE

SYSTEMS&APPLICATIONSOFTWARE

CLOUDSERVICES

EDUCATIONSERVICES

TypesofSystem&ApplicationSoftware

SYSTEM&

APPLICATION

SOFTWARE

TypesofSoftware

QuantumAlgorithms

SpecializedProgramming

Languages

QuantumSimulators&

Emulators

SoftwareLibraries

TechnologyExamples

rigetti

Google

ForestQiskitCirq

Q#

人Dynamiqs

OpenQASM

Description

InstructionsthatareexecutedbytheQPUs

Specializedlanguageforwritingquantum

algorithms

Simulators:Testandre?nealgorithms+simulationofQPUs

Emulators:Mimic

Softwarelibrariesincludeallothertechnologies

fromhighertolower

levelsofprogramming(e.g.,compilation,qubitcontrolsystems,

assembler)

Features

?Solveoptimizationproblems

?Simulationproblemformaterialsandquantumchemistry

?Unstructuredsearchproblems

?Write,test,andoptimizequantumalgorithms

?Visualisequbitstates

?Debugandoptimizealgorithms

?Re?neQPUsandcorrecterrors

?Measuresqubitcoherenceandcross-talk

?Simulatescontrolelectronicstoevaluateandcompare

performanceacrossdifferentarchitectures

Users

?Materialengineers

?Medical&chemists

?Financialinstitutions

?Insurancecompanies

?Retailers

?Energy

?Quantumalgorithmsdevelopers

?R&D

?Quantumcomputingmanufacturers

?R&D

?R&D

?Developers

1Shor’sandGrover’salgorithmsremainimpracticalduetocurrenthardwarelimitations.

Source:

ValueCoders,2025

2QubitpharmaandMultiversearecurrentlyrunningonclassicalsystemsbutwillbeapplicabletoQChardwareinthelongrun.

QuantumComputing’sValueChain

HARDWARE

SYSTEMS&APPLICATIONSOFTWARE

CLOUDSERVICES

EDUCATIONSERVICES

QuantumCloudOffersAffordableAccesstoQuantumComputing

WhatisQuantumCloud(QaaS)?

Quantumasaserviceisacloud-basedwayfororganisationstoaccessquantumcomputingtechnologiesandcapabilitiesmoreaffordablythroughathird-partyprovider.Dependingontheprovider,theseincludehardware,simulators,developmenttools,software,etc.

Advantages

Disadvantages

SERVICES

?Lesscontrol:On-premisessystemsallowfullcontroloveraccessandexecutiontiming.

?Securityconcerns:Somepreferkeepingsensitivedatawithininternalnetworks.

?Higherlatency:Cloud-basedQaaSmayslowdownhybridquantum/classicalworkflows.

?Localdevelopment:On-premisessetupscansupportregionaleconomicandtalentgrowth.

CLOUD

?Accessibility:Cloud-basedQCprovidesremoteaccesstoquantumprocessorswithoutrequiringquantumcomputinghardware.

?CollaborationOpportunities:Thescientificcommunitycancollaborateacrossregionsandinstitutions,leveragingopen-sourcequantum

frameworks.

?Scalability:EasilyintegrateupgradedanddifferentQPUs.

?CostEfficiency:Thepay-as-you-gomodelreducestheupfrontcostofmakingandmaintainingaquantumcomputer.

?HybridComputingPossibilities:QCcapabilitiescanbecombinedwithclassicalcomputing,aseachhasaddedvaluefordifferenttypesofusecases(e.g.,QCforspecializedcomputationalchallengesandclassicalcomputingforconventionaldataprocessing).

Source:

QuEra,2025

|

TechTarget,2025

ExamplesofQaaSProviders

AmazonBraket

AzureQuantum

D-WaveLeapLaunchPad

CLOUD

SERVICES

IBMQiskit

IonQQuantumCloud

RigettiQuantumCloud

Source:PlugandPlayDatabase|

TechTarget,2025

QuantumComputing’sValueChain

HARDWARE

SYSTEMS&APPLICATIONSOFTWARE

CLOUDSERVICES

EDUCATIONSERVICES

QuantumEducationisFuelledbytheResearchCommunity

ExamplesofEuropeanQuantumCommunities

ApartfromtheEuropeanQuantumConsortium,whichall27EUMemberStateshaveendorsed,individualcountrieshave

establishednationalcommunitiestosupporttheirrespectiveeffortsinadvancingquantumtechnologies.Thesecommunitiesaimtoengagetheentirequantumecosystem,includingresearchers,startups,enterprises,andinvestors,tofostereducation,training,andcollaborativeopportunitiesamongallstakeholders.

France

Europe

TheNetherlands

EDUCATIONSERVICES

Germany

Denmark

Italy

Source:

QuantumDelta,2025

|

QItaly,2025

|

DanishQuantumAlliance,2025

|

QuantumAlliance,2025

|

LeLabQuantique,2025

AFocusonTwoEuropeanQuantumCommunities

Mission

“TheQuantumLabisathinktankandincubator

drivingthequantumecosystem.Itnurtures

talent,tackleskeychallengesinquantumphysics,andsupportsstartupsandindustryinbringingbreakthroughproductsandservicestomarket.”

Vision

“Ideeplybelieveinthepowerofplace,and

physicalhubscanplayacrucialroleinthe

successofcompanies.I’veseenthisfirsthandwithmyowntechhub,wheretheright

environmentacceleratedstartups’growth.”

EDUCATIONSERVICES

SiméonValdman

Director

LeLabQuantiqueand

LesMaisonsduQuantique

JorisvanLaerhoven

Director

HouseofQuantum

Source:

QuantumDelta,2025

|

LeLabQuantique,2025

Market&Investments

MajorTrends,Investors,&Deals

QuantumTechnologySegments

QUANTUMCOMPUTING(QC)QUANTUMQUANTUMSENSING(QS)

TECHNOLOGIES

QUANTUMCOMMUNICATION

(QCOM)

QuantumTechnologyMarketisForecastedtoReach$4Billionsby2030

QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGIES

Thequantumcomputingmarketsizewasvaluedat$1.4billionin2024andisforecastedtoincreaseto$4billionin2030ataCAGRof19.4%.

MakingSenseofQuantumTechnologies

In2030QuantumTechnologyMarketSizeisForecastedtoReach$4.5B

Forecasted

Actual

5,000

$4.5B

3,750

Quantumtechnologyincludesdifferentcategoriesoftechnology,includingquantumcomputing,

quantumcommunication,andquantumsensingtechnologies.

2,500

?QuantumComputingservices1areforecastedtobethemostlucrativeofferingsegmentwithin

quantumtechnologiesintheyearstocome(2025onwards).

1,250

?Europewasthelargestrevenue-generatingmarketin2024.

0

2024202520262027202820292030

1QCservicesprovidebusinessesandresearcherswithaccesstoquantumtools.

Source:

PrecedenceResearch,2025

TheMajorityofInvestmentsareinUSCompanies,FollowedbytheUK,Canada,&theEU

TotalinvestmentinQTstart-upsbylocationandprimaryinvestortype,2001-2023,(in$million)Private1Corporate2Public3

QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGIES

UnitedStatesTotal:3,448

UnitedKingdomTotal:1,581

Canada

Total:1,277

39

EuropeanUnionTotal:1,218

41

Other

Total:659

01,0002,0003,0004,000

1IncludesinvestmentsmadebycorporateininternalQTprograms(incubators,accelerators),internalR&Dspendingwithincorporationsandprivateequityinvestments.

2Includesinvestmentsfromcorporationsandcorporateventurecapitalinexternalstart-ups;excludescorporateinvestmentsininternalQTprograms.

3Includesinvestmentsbygovernments,sovereignwealthfunds,anduniversities.

Source:

McKinsey,2024

WhiletheWorldGoesPrivateonQuantum,EUBanksontheState

Countries

QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGIES

USA

UnitedKingdom

Canada

EuropeanUnion

InvestorType

Private-driveninvestmentsledbytechgiants

Google到nvIDIA.

Private-driveninvestmentsledbyamixofinvestors,includingprivateequityfirms,corporations,and

researchlabs

Private-driveninvestmentsledbyamixofinvestors,includingprivateequityfirms,corporations,and

researchlabs

Public-driveninvestmentsledbytheEUCommissionandnationalinitiatives

TotalAmountInvested

$3.05B

$1.45B

$1.4B

$13.5B

1EnterpriseValue

Source:

McKinsey,2024

|Dealroom,2024

QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGIES

ChinaLeadsinQuantumTechnologiesPublicInvestments

GlobalpublicinvestmentinQTreached$42billionin2023

Announcedbefore2023

Announcedin2023

China

Germany

UnitedKingdom

UnitedStates

SouthKorea

France

Japan

India

Canada

Netherlands

Russia

Israel

Others

0,4

0,4

0.04.08.012.016.0

Source:McKinsey,2024|

GermanActionPlan

,2023|

MERICS,2025

|

GOV.UK,2025

Governmentsinitiatives

Chinaleadsinquantuminvestments($15.3B)

?Publicinvestmentsaremuchmoreimportantthanprivate

investments

?Chinaleadsinquantum

communication(QCnetworklength:12,000km)

TheGermangovernmentinvestedaround$5.2BintoQT.

?MajorEuropeaninvestorinQT

?Aim:DevelopauniversalQCwitharound100qubitsin2026and500qubitsinthenearterm.

TheUKinvested$4.3BinQTaspartofitsNationalQuantumstrategic

goalsinitiativeforthenexttenyears,whichincludedresearchandtalent.

NationalInvestmentsAccountedfor$42Bin2024

QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGIES

$160M-Sweden

$406M-Denmark——

●$27M-Finland

●$790M-Russia

$1.4B-Canada

$4.3B-UnitedKingdom

$1B-Netherlands

o,o$5.2B-Germany$2.35B-SouthKorea

●

$3.75B-US

$2.2B-France

$60M-Spain.$1.7B-India.$15B-China··$1.8B-Japan

$282M-Taiwan

$11M-Switzerland$368M-Israel

$6M-Thailand$17.2M-Philippines

$127M-Austria$150M-Qatar

$138M-Singapore

$12M-Brazil●

$11M-Hungary

●$148M-Australia

●$36.75M-NewZealand

-

$3MSouthAfrica

Source:

McKinsey,2024

ALargePortionofInvestmentshasGonetoEstablishedStartups

QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGIES

ChangeinQTinvestments,byinvestortype,2001-2022vs2023

%oftotalinvestmentvalue

70

52.5

35

17.5

0

VenturecapitalPrivateCorporatePublicAngelAccelerators

SeriesBrepresents62%oftotalinvestmentsin2023

VentureCapitalinvestmentsvaluehasbeenrisingbyabout20percentagepointsfrom2022to2023.Thisupwardtrendininvestmentvalueislargelydrivenbyafocusonlater-stageQCstartups,particularlythoseinSeriesA,B,CandDrounds.In2023,SeriesBrepresentedthelargestportionof

investments(62%outoftotalinvestmentvaluefor2023).ThistrendcontinuesinQ12025,withincreasedinvestmentinstartupssuchasPsiQuantum,QuantumMachines,QuEra,andAlice&Bob.

Source:PitchBook,2025|

Crunchbase,2025

|

McKinsey,2024

Recent&HighestFundRaising(Q12025)

StartupName:?psiouantumDate:March,2025

AmountRaised:$750M

LastRound:SeriesD

Investors:BlackRock,TemasekHoldings,BlackbirdVentures,FoundersFund,PlaygroundGlobal

StartupName:

Date:February,2025

AmountRaised:$230M

LastRound:SeriesB

Investors:ValorEquityPartners,Google,SafarPartners,DayOneVentures,SoftBankVisionFund

StartupName:

Date:February,2025

AmountRaised:$170M

LastRound:SeriesC

Investors:PSGEquity,ValorEquityPartners,AlumniVentures,SamsungNEXT,BatteryVentures

StartupName:

Date:Janvier,2025

AmountRaised:$100M

LastRound:SeriesB

Investors:Bpifrance,BREEGA,SupernovaInvest,EuropeanInnovationCouncil,AVP

QuantumTechnologyDevelopmentisStronglySupportedbyVentureCapital

QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGIES

SplitofQTinvestments,byinvestortype2001-2023

%oftotalinvestmentvalue

Accelerator/incubator

Public

Private

/

Angel

/

Corporate

VentureCapital

VentureCapital

Private

Public2

Angel

Accelerator/incubator

Corporate1

MostactiveQuantumVentureCapital

PerNumberofDeals

Location:France

#ofQTDeals:38

Fundamount3:ε91M

Name:QuantonationI

PortfolioStartup:

Location:Switzerland#ofQTDeals:18

Fundamount:ε52M

Name:Quantumfund

PortfolioStartup:

Location:UnitedStates#ofQTDeals:15

Fundamount:$13M

Name:Deeptech

PortfolioStartup:

Location:UnitedStates#ofQTDeals:18

Fundamount:$10-25M

Name:Deeptech

PortfolioStartup:

1Includescorporations,corporateventurecapital,venture-capital-backedcompanies,andprivate-equity-backedcompaniesinvestinginanexternalstart-up;doesnotincludecorporationsinvestingininternalQTprograms.

2Includesgovernments,sovereignwealthfunds,anduniversities.

3Quantonationistheonlyventurethatdedicatedit’sfundstoquantumtostartupsonly.Othersincludedifferenttypesoftechnology,(i.e.AI,web3,ML,etc.)

Source:PitchBook,2025

MoreIndustriesareInvestinginQuantumTechnologies

Top5industriesinvestinginquantumtechnologies

QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGIES

In2022,already51%ofearlyusersspent+$1MannuallyinQT

Corporationsexamples

<$1M>$1M

Finance

JPMorganaccountsfor2/3ofall

quantumjobpostingsamong

trackedbanksandhaspublished

morethan1/2ofallquantum-

relatedresearchpapers.Already

seeingvaluefromquantum-inspiredalgorithmsinportfoliooptimizationandcybersecurity.”

EDFpartneredwith

Pasqal

to

explorethecomplexdynamicof

predictingandplanningelectricitydemandanddistribution.

Airbusisconceivingapplicationof

quantumcomputingtechnologytosimulateOxygenReductionReaction(ORR),whichistheprocessof

transforminghydrogenandoxygenintowaterandelectricity.

JPMorganchase

Energy

Industrials

Healthcare

AIRBWUS

Aero,Auto

Source:

BCG

,2022|

McKinsey,2024

|

Pasqal,2025

Europe'sStrengthinQuantumLiesinit’sTalentPool

EuropeanUnionHousetheHighestConcentrationofQuantumTechnologyTalents1

XXDensityofthepopuIation

EuropeanUnionIndia

ChinaUnitedStates

RussiaUnitedKingdom

0.030.060.090.0120.0

EuropeanUnionleadsinnumberofscientificpublications2

20223

EuropeanUnionChina

UnitedStatesUnitedKingdomJapan

IfEuropeanshousestheIargerpooIoftaIentsandscientificcommunity,it’sfuturemissionwiIIneedtobeattractandnurturetaIentstoachievethesocaIIed“quantumadvantage”.

1AbsoIutenumber(inthousands)ofgraduatesinQTreIevantfieIds(i.e.chemicaIs,biochemicaI,statistics,physics,mathematics,etc.)

2Shareofauthorsfromcountry’sresearchinstitutionscontributingtoquantum-reIevantpubIications(%)

3IncIudespubIicationsfromJanuary1st,2022toDecember31,2022

4IncIudespubIicationsfromJanuary1st,2023toDecember31,2023

253

65

45

166

180

273

20234

1%

0,4%

0,6%

Quantumflagshipledtoimpactfulprojectsdeployments

QC

Expansion

EuroHPCJoint

Undertaking

QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGIES

Horizon

Europe

OpenSuperQandAQtion

Horizon&

Digital

Europe

TrilateralQuantumInitiative

EuroQCIDeclaration

QTFlagship

projects

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

20182019202020212022202320242025

KeyEUInitiatives

QTFlagship:TheFIagshipfocusedonfourmainareas:quantumcomputing,

quantumsimuIation,quantumcommunication,andquantumsensing.Initsramp-upphase(2018—2022),itfunded24projectswithatotaIbudgetofε152miIIion,

invoIvingover1,600researchers.

EuroQCIDeclaration:EUmemberstatesagreedtoworktogethertodeveIopasecurequantumcommunicationinfrastructureacrosstheEU.

OpenSuperQandAQtion:deveIopedQCsystemsbasedonsuperconductingandtrappedions.

EuroHPC:AnnouncedtheseIectionofsixsitesacrosstheEUtohostthefirstEuropeanquantumcomputers.

TrilateralQuantumInitiative:France,Germany,andtheNetherIandsIaunchedatriIateraIquantuminnovationcaII,seIectinghigh-impactprojectswithoverε30miIIion(approximateIy$33.8miIIion)

Source:

McKinsey,2024

I

QuantumFIagship,2025

I

EuropeanCommission,2025

I

ParIiamentaryAssembIyoftheMediterranean,2025

I

QuantumFIagship,2025

FranceHasDevelopedaSolidEcosystemAroundQuantumWithinthePast5Years

QUANTUM

TECHNOLOGIES

Figures

$2.2B

$113M

11%

inpublicinvestmentfrom2018to2024

inprivateinvestmentfrom2018to2024

ofQT-relatedpatentshave

beengrantedto

researchersbasedinFrance

Governmentprograms&initiatives

TheNati