人教(2019)版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修第一冊(cè)第一單元限時(shí)練

時(shí)間：100分鐘分值：120

第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)

第一節(jié)(共8小題；每小題4分，滿分32分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題紙上將

該項(xiàng)涂黑

A

Itcanbetoughtopullkidsawayfromtheircomputersandmobiledevicesthesedays.While

they*replayinggames,wouldn*titbegreatiftheycouldbelearningatthesametime?Good

educationalappsofferfunchallengesthatteachspecificgrade-levelskills.Herearefourthat

combinefunandlearning.

UnderstandingMath($3.99;iOS)

UnderstandingMathgoesbeyondbasiccomprehensiontogainadeeperunderstandingofthe

whysandhowsofmath.Theapptracksyourchild'sprogresstodeterminestrengthsand

weaknessesindifferentskillareas,andyoucancustomize(改制)yourchild'slearningexperience

tosuittheneeds.

WordCreativityKit($2.99;iOS)

WordCreativityKitaimsnotonlytomakecreativewritingfunbutalsobuildupgrammar

rules.Theapppresentsaseriesofwordsfromsevencategories,suchasspaceorfantasy.Kidsadd

theirownwordstofinishthecompletethoughtsthatthesewordshaveinspired.

BarefootWorldAtlas($4.99;iOS)

BarefootWorldAtlashelpskidslearnaboutgeographyandworldcultureswithatouchof

thescreen.Eachregionfeaturesasetofsubtopicsfromwildlifeandnaturalfeaturestonative,and

architecture.Thesefactsandillustrationsaredeliveredinphotographs,sounds,andhundredsof

minivideos.

MyGrades&Homework(80.99;iOS)

Acombinationofgradesandhomeworktracker,MyGrades&Homeworkcanhelpyour

childstayorganizedandontopoftheprogressinschool.Aconvenientcalendarandcourselist

formatofferaglanceatyourchild'sassignmentschedulethatheorshemightnotnormallyget

fromstandardhomeworkplanners.

1.Whichappisbeneficialtochildren'swritingskills?

A.UnderstandingMath.

B.WordCreativityKit.

C.BarefootWorldAtlas.

D.MyGrades&Homework.

2.Whatdothefourappshaveincommon?

A.Theyneedpurchasingwhendownloading.

B.Theyhelpchildrenimprovetheirgrades.

C.Theymakestudiesfunbymini-videos.

D.Theyinformparentsoftheirchildren'sprogress.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Toaskreaderstobringinmoresimilarappsforchildren.

B.Toencourageparentstoallowtheirchildrentoplaygames.

C.Todesigneducationalappscombiningfunandlearning.

D.Tointroducefoureducationalappsforreaderstobuyanduse.

【1.答案】B

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WordCreativityKit部分中的第一句話，WordCreativityKitaims

notonlytomakecreativewritingfunbutalsobuildupgrammarrules.”可矢口，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。

【2.答案】A

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)四個(gè)小標(biāo)題后括號(hào)里的內(nèi)容可知，四個(gè)應(yīng)用程序都需要付費(fèi)才能

下載，故選A項(xiàng)。

【3.答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句‘Herearefourthatcombinefunandlearning.”可知，

作者寫本篇文章的目的是給讀者介紹四個(gè)寓教于樂的應(yīng)用程序。

B

Notverylongago,thequestionwouldhaveseemedabsurd.Nowitisonthelipsofrespected

scientists;MPs（議員）arebeginningtotalkof“awaronsugar”,andevenEngland'schief

medicalofficerhassaidsugarmayhavetobe,liketheoldenemytobacco,taxedinorderto

protectthenation'shealth.

Therecameatimeintheevolutionofpublicattitudestosmoking,whenthedoctorshadbeen

shoutingforlongenoughthatthepublicwasbroadlyawareoftherisksandtheonlyquestionleft

forGovernmentwas:Whatshouldwedoaboutit?

Somebelievewearenowatthesamepointinourattitudestosugar.Others——largelybutnot

onlyrepresentativesofthefoodanddrinkindustry-saytheentiredebatehasbeenskewed（歪曲）

bythosewhospreadstoriesdeliberatelytomakepeoplenervous.

Moreorlesseveryoneagreesthateatingtoomuchsugarisbadforyou.Thereisalsono

doubtobesityisagrowingproblemwhichisputtingasignificant,avoidableburdenontheNHS

byincreasingtheratesofdiabetes,heartdiseaseandotherlong-termconditions.

Buttowhatextentissugar~~ratherthansaturatedfats,orsalt,carbohydratesorproteins,or

anyoftheotherdevilsofmodemdiets-thecauseofobesityandhowmuchshouldweworry

aboutit?

Yesterday,hopesofachievinganythingresemblingclarityfromtheWorldHealth

Organization（WHO）wereconfusedonceagain,which,widelyexpectedtoreducethe

recommendedsugarintakebyahalfinnewdraftguidance,insteadsaiditwouldcontinueto

recommendthatsugarmakeupnomorethan10percentoftheenergyweconsume,whileadding

thatcuttingthistofivepercentwouldhave''additionalbenefits”.Thedecisionwillnowgooutto

publicconsultation.

SimonCapewell,professoroftheUniversityofLiverpool,saidthathesuspected"dirty

work"onthepartoffoodanddrinkscompaniesmightliebehindtheWHO'slessthanresounding

（強(qiáng)有力的）message.

4.Whatdoestheauthorindicatebyreferringtosmoking?

A.Peoplemustseethedisadvantagesofsugarimmediately.

B.Itisnoteasyforauthoritiestorestrictorbansomething.

C.Sugarhasjustturnedouttobeasharmfulassmoking.

D.Itiseasyforpeopletoseebadeffectsofsomething.

5.WHOhaschangeditsideamainlybecause.

A.itthinksthedangerofsugartohealthisemphasizedtoomuch

B.ithasbeenputunderpressurebyfoodanddrinkscompanies

C.itbelievescertainamountofintakeofsugardoesusgood

D.itfindsitsafetotakeinasmuchsugaraspeopledonow

6.Whenreportingtheargumentaboutsugar,theauthorseemsto.

A.remainobjectiveB.standbythoseagainstit

C.believeitharmlessD.holdtheviewof“wait-and-see”

7.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitlefbrthetext?

A.IsSugartheNewEvil?B.HowMuchSugarDoYouTakeDaily?

C.IsSugartoBeTaxed?D.HowMuchDoYouKnowaboutSugar?

【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.A

【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。如今人們認(rèn)為糖分的攝入會(huì)對(duì)身體造成危害，但是對(duì)于攝入量的

多少并不確定，人們對(duì)于糖分的態(tài)度也各有不同。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第二句中的“MPs（議員）arebeginningtotalkof*sawaron

sugar"“（議員們開始談?wù)搶?duì)糖的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”）可知，議員們認(rèn)為限制糖是非常困難的，根據(jù)“even

England'schiefmedicalofficerhassaidsugarmayhavetobe,liketheoldenemytobacco,taxed

inordertoprotectthenation'shealth”（就連英國(guó)的首席醫(yī)療官也說(shuō)，為了保護(hù)國(guó)民的健康，

糖可能也要像煙草那樣被征稅）可知，糖和煙草一樣，再根據(jù)第二段第一句，Therecameatime

intheevolutionofpublicattitudestosmoking,whenthedoctorshadbeenshoutingforlong

enoughthatthepublicwasbroadlyawareoftherisks"（公眾對(duì)吸煙的態(tài)度出現(xiàn)了一段時(shí)間的

演變，當(dāng)時(shí)醫(yī)生們已經(jīng)大聲疾呼了足夠長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，公眾對(duì)吸煙的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有了廣泛的認(rèn)識(shí)）可知，

轉(zhuǎn)變公眾對(duì)吸煙的態(tài)度是需要非常長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間的努力的，非常艱難。所以此處提到吸煙是為了

表明對(duì)當(dāng)局來(lái)說(shuō)，限制或禁止某事并不容易。故選B。

4細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒第二段第一句中的“whileaddingthatcuttingthistofivepercentwould

have''additionalbenefits^^^^（同時(shí)補(bǔ)充說(shuō)，削減到5%會(huì)有，額外的好處”）可知，WHO改變主

意主要是因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為一定量的糖對(duì)我們有益。故選C。

6.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第四段“Moreorlesseveryoneagreesthateatingtoomuchsugarisbadfor

you.Thereisalsonodoubtobesityisagrowingproblemwhichisputtingasignificant,avoidable

burdenontheNHSbyincreasingtheratesofdiabetes,heartdiseaseandotherlong-term

conditions.（或多或少每個(gè)人都同意吃太多的糖對(duì)你不好。毫無(wú)疑問，肥胖是一個(gè)日益嚴(yán)重

的問題，它增加了糖尿病、心臟病和其他長(zhǎng)期疾病的發(fā)病率，給NHS帶來(lái)了一個(gè)可避免的

重大負(fù)擔(dān)。）”可知，在報(bào)道關(guān)于糖的爭(zhēng)論時(shí)，作者似乎站在那些反對(duì)它的人一邊。故選B。

7.主旨大意題。根據(jù)的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第五段Buttowhatextentissugar一ratherthansaturated

fats,orsalt,carbohydratesorproteins,oranyoftheotherdevilsofmodemdiets-thecauseof

obesityandhowmuchshouldweworryaboutit?,?（但是，在多大程度上，是糖----而不是飽

和脂肪、鹽、碳水化合物或蛋白質(zhì)，或任何其他現(xiàn)代飲食中的魔鬼——導(dǎo)致了肥胖？我們應(yīng)

該對(duì)它有多大的擔(dān)憂?）可知，作者表述了反對(duì)糖和支持糖的人的觀點(diǎn)，討論糖是否是新的

飲食中的魔鬼。故選A。

C

Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftafterseven

months,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothe

country,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.

Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.

Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,which

talksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeen

destroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingto

astrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely

24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsin

Tashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.

ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarker

sideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswayto

Bukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattends

amountainfuneral（葬禮）followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heis

saddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.

MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistalea

well-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.Hisjudgmentandreferencesare

decidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravel

norapieceof

reportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentral

Asiantraditions.

8.WhatmadeMrBissellreturntoUzbekistan?

A.Hisfriends*invitation.

B.Hisinterestinthecountry.

C.Hisloveforteaching.

D.Hisdesiretoregainhealth.

9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"thatninparagraph2referto?

A.Developingaseriousmentaldisease.

B.TakingaguidedtourinCentralAsia.

C.WorkingasavolunteerinUzbekistan.

D.WritinganarticleabouttheAralSea.

10.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMrBisselFsroadtripinUzbekistan?

A.Romantic.B.Eventful.

C.Pleasant.D.Dangerous.

11.Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A.Tointroduceabook.

B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.

C.Torememberawriter.

D.Torecommendatraveldestination.

【8答案】B

【解析】考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段第三句中的"stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedto

Uzbekistan"可知，出于對(duì)烏茲別克斯坦這個(gè)國(guó)家的興趣，他回到了這里，故B項(xiàng)符合題

居、O

【9.答案】D

【解析】考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第一段第三句中的"stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedto

UzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea”可知，Tom回到烏茲別克

斯坦的目的本來(lái)是寫一篇關(guān)于咸海是如何消失的文章。畫線詞"that"指代上文中提到的“寫

文章”這件事。

【10.答案】B

【解析】考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第三段尤其是第一句中的"madeoffriendlinessand

warmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety"可知Bissell在烏茲別克斯坦的旅行充滿了變故。

eventfill意為”充滿大事的，多變故的”，符合文意。A項(xiàng)在文中沒有體現(xiàn)，C項(xiàng)與D項(xiàng)

表述片面，故選B。

【11.答案】A

【解析】考查寫作意圖。文章開頭引出TomBissell寫書的背景，從第二段到最后一段分

別介紹了這本書的概要、主要內(nèi)容和對(duì)這本書的評(píng)價(jià)，即全文圍繞著這本書展開，目的就是

向讀者推薦這本書，所以選A項(xiàng)。

D

Theproblemofrobocallshasgotsobadthatmanypeoplenowrefusetopickupcallsfrom

numberstheydon*tknow.Bynextyear,halfofthecallswereceivewillbescams（欺詐）.Weare

finallywakinguptotheseverityoftheproblembysupportinganddevelopingagroupoftools,

appsandapproachesintendedtopreventscammersfromgettingthrough.Unfortunately,it'stoo

littleandtoolate.BythetimethesensolutionsHbecomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhave

movedontocleverermeans.Inthenearfuture,it*snotjustgoingtobethenumberyouseeonyour

screenthatwillbeindoubt.Soonyouwillalsoquestionwhetherthevoiceyou'rehearingis

actuallyreal.

Thafsbecausethereareanumberofpowerfulvoicemanipulations（處理）,andautomation

technologiesthatareabouttobecomewidelyavailablefbranyonetouse.Atthisyear'sGoogle*s

I/Oconference,acompanyshowedanewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincing

human-soundingvoicethatitwasabletospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithout

detection.

Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocallsmuchworse.The

reasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodowithamountthanprecision.Adecadeofdata

breaches（數(shù)據(jù)泄露）ofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwherescammerscaneasily

learnyourmother'sname,andfarmore.Armedwiththisknowledge,they'reabletocarryout

individuallytargetedcampaignstocheatpeople.Thismeansthatascammercouldcallyoufrom

whatlookstobeafamiliarnumberandtalktoyouusingavoicethatsoundsexactlylikeyour

bankteller's,trickingyouintoHconfirmingnyouraddress,mothersname,andcard

number.Scammersfollowthemoney,socompanieswillbetheworsthit.Alotofbusinessisstill

doneoverthephone,andmuchofitisbasedontrustandexistingrelationships.Voice

manipulationtechnologiesmayweakenthatgradually.

Weneedtodealwiththeinsecurenatureofourtelecomnetworks.Phonecarriersand

consumersneedtoworktogethertofindwaysofdeterminingandcommunicatingwhatisreal.

Thatmightmeaneitherdevelopingauniformwaytomarkvideosandimages,showingwhenand

whotheyweremadeby,orabandoningphonecallsaltogetherandmovingtowarddata-based

communications-usinglikeFaceTimeAudioorWhatsApp,whichcanbetiedtoyouridentity.

Credibilityishardtoearnbuteasytolose,andtheproblemisonlygoingtogetharderfrom

hereonout.

12.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesolutionstotheproblemofrobocalls?

A.Frightened.B.Confused.

C.Embarrassed.D.Disappointed.

13.Takingadvantageofthenewtechnologies,whatcanscammersdo?

A.Aimatvictimsprecisely.

B.Damagedatabaseseasily.

C.Startcampaignsrapidly.

D.Spreadinformationwidely.

14.Whatdoesthepassageimply?

A.Honestyisthebestpolicy.

B.Technologiescanbedouble-edged.

C.Therearemoresolutionsthanproblems.

D.Credibilityholdsthekeytodevelopment.

15.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WheretheProblemofRobocallsIsRooted

B.WhoIstoBlamefortheProblemofRobocalls

C.WhyRobocallsAreAbouttoGetMoreDangerous

D.HowRobocallsAreAffectingtheWorldofTechnology

【12答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的'Unfbrtunately,it'stoolittleandtoolate.Bythetimethese

solutions*becomewidelyavailable,scammerswillhavemovedontocleverermeans.”可矢口，作者

認(rèn)為這些解決方案太少，出現(xiàn)得也太晚，人們無(wú)法及時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)詐騙，由此可知作者對(duì)它們的態(tài)

度是“失望的”，故選D項(xiàng)。

【13答案】A

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句'Thereasonthatrobocallsareaheadachehaslesstodo

withamountthanprecision.”可知，自動(dòng)語(yǔ)音電話讓人頭疼的原因更在于它的精準(zhǔn)度而不是數(shù)

量；再根據(jù)后文的“Adecadeofdatabreachesofpersonalinformationhasledtoasituationwhere

scammerscaneasilylearnyourmother'snameandfarmore.”可知，欺詐者可以獲取個(gè)人信息數(shù)

據(jù)。由此可知，新技術(shù)可以幫助欺詐者精準(zhǔn)地進(jìn)行欺詐，故選A項(xiàng)。

【14答案】B

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Atthisyear'sGoogle,sI/Oconference,acompanyshowed

anewvoicetechnologyabletoproducesuchaconvincinghuman-soundingvoicethatitwasable

tospeaktoareceptionistandbookareservationwithoutdetection.矢口，止匕處指出了聲音技術(shù)

的優(yōu)勢(shì)；第三段中的"Thesedevelopmentsarelikelytomakeourcurrentproblemswithrobocalls

muchworse.

又指出，這一技術(shù)上的發(fā)展會(huì)讓現(xiàn)存的問題更糟糕。由此可知，這種聲音技術(shù)有兩面性，是

一把雙刃劍，故選B項(xiàng)。

.【15答案】C

【解析】主旨大意題。文章在第一段引出話題——自動(dòng)語(yǔ)音電話會(huì)給人們帶來(lái)危害第二段

和第三段闡述產(chǎn)生危害的原因；第四段闡述了減輕相關(guān)危害的方法；最后一段指出信任是很

難獲得又很容易失去的東西，而由此引發(fā)的相關(guān)問題也會(huì)更加難以解決。整篇文章都是在逐

步闡述自動(dòng)語(yǔ)音電話愈發(fā)危險(xiǎn)的狀況，故選C項(xiàng)。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余

選項(xiàng)。

Everyday,wearefacedwithchallengesanduncertainties.Whilethesearethingsthatareout

ofourcontrol,wecanmostcertainlycontrolhowwereactandfeelinsuchsituations.16.

Optimismisasimpleyetpowerfulmindsetthatcanaffectusinmanyways.

Anoptimistwillbemorecommittedtowardshisgoals.Whensomepeoplesetagoalthey

don'taccountfortheproblemstheyruninto.Theyviewthemasbarriersthatcan'theremoved.

Thisiswhytheminutesomethingdoesn'tgoasplannedtheystarttoshrinkandgiveup.17.In

fact,anoptimisticpersonwillmerelylookattheproblemsasnewexperiencesandnew

possibilities.Heunderstandsthatfailureisjustpartoftheprocessandwelcomesitwithopen

arms.

18.AsurveyconductedbyGallupfoundthatonly35percentofUSmanagersareoccupied

intheirjobs.ThislackofdevotionanditsinfluenceonemployeescoststheUSapproximately$77

billionto$96billioneachyear.Optimisticleaderscanhelpmotivatetheiremployees.19.Above

all,optimismoffersahealthierandlongerlife.AstudyfromtheUniversityofPittsburgh

concludedthatthosewhohaveanoptimisticviewpointhavea30percentlowerriskofheart

disease.20Additionally,researchpublishedintheCanadianMedicalAssociationJournalfound

thatoptimistsarelesslikelytoexperiencedisabilitiesastheygetolderandenduplivinglonger.

Inlife,movementandgrowthisimportantandnecessary,whichoptimismhelpsusachieve.

A.Theyseefailureasanewstart.

B.Wecanlearntokeepoptimistic.

C.Optimistsalsospreadagoodatmosphere.

D.Theythinkaboutpossiblepositiveoutcomes.

E.Thafsbecausetheyaregenerallyhappierandlessstressed.

F.Ontheotherhand,anoptimisticpersonismoreopentoproblems.

□.Similarly,havingapositiveattitudecaninspireeveryonearoundus.

【答案】16.B17.F18.C19.G20.E

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，講述了樂觀是一種簡(jiǎn)單而有力的心態(tài)，可以在許多方面影響我

們。

16.根據(jù)空格前——句“Whilethesearethingsthatareoutofourcontrol,wecanmostcertainly

controlhowwereactandfeelinsuchsituations.（雖然這些都是我們無(wú)法控制的事情，但我們可

以很肯定地控制我們?cè)谶@種情況下的反應(yīng)和感受）”可知，我們雖然有很多不能控制的事情,

但是卻能控制我們的反映和感受；再結(jié)合文章下文“Optimismisasimpleyetpowerfulmindset

thatcanaffectusinmanyways.（樂觀是一種簡(jiǎn)單而有力的心態(tài)，可以在許多方面影響我們）“可

知，空格處應(yīng)該引入樂觀這一主題。B項(xiàng)Wecanlearntokeepoptimistic（我們可以學(xué)習(xí)樂觀）

引出樂觀這個(gè)主題。故選B。

17.根據(jù)空格前“Whensomepeoplesetagoaltheydon'taccountfortheproblemstheyruninto.

Theyviewthemasbarriersthatcan'theremoved.Thisiswhytheminutesomethingdoesn'tgoas

plannedtheystarttoshrinkandgiveup.（當(dāng)一些人設(shè)定目標(biāo)時(shí),他們沒有考慮他們遇到的問題。

他們將其視為無(wú)法消除的障礙。這就是為什么一旦事情沒有按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行，他們就會(huì)開始退縮

和放棄）”可知，有些人在制定目標(biāo)時(shí)沒有考慮會(huì)存在的問題，所以會(huì)經(jīng)常放棄。然后結(jié)合空

格后“Infact,anoptimisticpersonwillmerelylookattheproblemsasnewexperiencesandnew

possibilities.（事實(shí)上，樂觀的人只會(huì)把這些問題看成是新的經(jīng)歷和新的可能性）”可知，空格

處應(yīng)該陳述樂觀主義者在遇到問題時(shí)該怎么辦。F項(xiàng)Ontheotherhand,anoptimisticpersonis

moreopentoproblems（另一方面，樂觀的人更容易面對(duì)問題）陳述了樂觀者面對(duì)問題的態(tài)度,

承上啟下。故選F。

18.根據(jù)下文“AsurveyconductedbyGallupfoundthatonly35percentofUSmanagersare

occupiedintheirjobs.ThislackofdevotionanditsinfluenceonemployeescoststheUS

approximately$77billionto$96billioneachyear.Optimisticleaderscanhelpmotivatetheir

empk）yees.（蓋洛普公司開展的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，美國(guó)只有35%的經(jīng)理在專心工作。這種缺乏奉

獻(xiàn)精神及其對(duì)員工的影響每年使美國(guó)損失約770億至960億美元。樂觀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可以幫助激

勵(lì)他們的員工）“可知，在公司中，如果領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是個(gè)樂觀的人，公司的效益會(huì)很好。相反地，如

果領(lǐng)導(dǎo)缺乏奉獻(xiàn)精神那么會(huì)造成巨大的損失。由此推知，本段主要在講述，在公司之中需要

良好的氛圍，這樣可以帶動(dòng)大家。C項(xiàng)Optimistsalsospreadagoodatmosphere（樂觀主義者也

傳播了一種良好的氛圍）滿足本段段意。故選C。

19.根據(jù)空格前一句‘Optimisticleaderscanhelpmotivatetheiremployees（樂觀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者可以幫

助激勵(lì)他們的員工）''可知，此處在陳述樂觀的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者會(huì)帶動(dòng)他的員工。由此推知，下文應(yīng)該

講述樂觀的人也會(huì)帶動(dòng)周圍的人。G項(xiàng)Similarly,havingapositiveattitudecaninspireeveryone

aroundus（同樣，積極的態(tài)度可以激勵(lì)我們周圍的每一個(gè)人）承接上文。故選G。

20.根據(jù)空格前——句“Pittsburghconcludedthatthosewhohaveanoptimisticviewpointhavea30

percentlowerriskofheartdisease4匹茲堡大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)研究得出結(jié)論，那些樂觀的人患心臟病

的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了30%）”可知，樂觀的人患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低了30%,由此推知下文應(yīng)該分析這

一現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因。E項(xiàng)That'sbecausetheyaregenerallyhappierandlessstressed（這是因?yàn)樗?/p>

們通常更快樂，壓力也更?。╆愂隽诉@個(gè)原因。故選E。

第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處

的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Myadviserinterviewedmeoverthephone.He21myundergraduaterecordand

thoughtIhadagraduatedegree.

Therefore,Iwas22tothePh.D.program.Hewelcomedmeintohislabevenafter

knowingthe23.

Ibegantogetintoarunningstart.I24myselfintoreadingeverypaperfoundand

testingscientificquestions.Butfouryearslater,IfeltlostbecauseI25passedmy

qualifyingexam.Thenafriendaskedmetovolunteerasabarmanatagala（盛會(huì)）.1was26

atfirst,havingneverworkedbehindabar,27Isaidyesintheend.Ispentanevening

28cuttingfruitanddoingotherunskilledtasks.Iwastiredbutalsofeltunbelievable

-surprisinghowmuch29Ihad.

Later,IrealizedthereasonwhyIenjoyedthisexperiencesomuchwasthatthe30

ofthisjobwereexactlywhatIwas31frommyPh.D.program.Itwasonlyphysically

tiring,forthetasksIdidwere32.Atthatpoint,Ihadnothadapausein33

ashardasIcouldforfouryears,andIwascompletely34ofthetoll（損害）itwas

takingonmyspirit.Sincethen,I'vetriedtogivemymindmore35.

21.A.disbelievedB.rejectedC.misreadD.mixed

【答案】c

【解析】根據(jù)空后的"myundergraduaterecordandthoughtIhadagraduatedegree"可知，他誤

讀（misread）了作者的學(xué)士學(xué)位，以為作者有碩士學(xué)位。disbelieve"不相信，懷疑";reject"拒

絕";mix"混合"。

22.A.introducedB.admittedC.accompaniedD.compensated

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)下文中的"Hewelcomedmeintohislab"可知，作者被準(zhǔn)許加入（admitted）博士

課程了。introduce"介紹，引進(jìn)";accompany"陪同，陪伴";compensate"補(bǔ)償

23.A.criterionB.gapC.weaknessD.error

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)上文可知，他誤讀了作者的學(xué)士學(xué)位，且把作者加進(jìn)了博士課程，故此處表示

即使發(fā)現(xiàn)了錯(cuò)誤（error）,他還是歡迎作者到他的實(shí)驗(yàn)室。criterion"標(biāo)準(zhǔn)";gap"差距";weakness"

弱點(diǎn)"。

24.A.arguedB.trickedC.threwD.frightened

【答案】C

【解析】作者投身于閱讀自己能找到的每一篇論文。argueoneselfinto"說(shuō)服自己（做某事）

";trickoneselfinto"騙自己（做某事）";throwoneselfinto”投身于,熱衷于";fiightenoneselfinto"

把自己嚇得（做某事）%

25.A.merelyB.surprisinglyC.easilyD.barely

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)空前的"Butfouryearslater,Ifeltlostbecause”可知，此處表示雖然作者那么努

力，但是他的資格考試勉強(qiáng)（barely）才及格。merely”僅僅”;surprisingly”驚人地”;easily”輕松

地”。

26.A.optimisticB.thrilledC.confusedD.hesitant

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)下文中的"havingneverworkedbehindabar”可知，作者從來(lái)沒有在吧臺(tái)工作過。

由此可知，此處表示作者一開始是猶豫的（hesitant）。optimistic11樂觀的thrilled”興奮的

”;confiised”迷惑的”。

27.A.butB.soC.andD.or

【答案】A

【解析】作者一開始是猶豫的，而下文提到作者最后答應(yīng)了，由此可知，空處前后構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折

關(guān)系，故用but。

28.A.goingaboutB.lookingthroughC.burstinginD.carryingon

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)空后提到的工作內(nèi)容和下文的“tired"可知，此處表示作者一整個(gè)晚上都在忙著

切水果和做其他不需要特殊技能的活兒。goabout”忙于,

29.A.joyB.experienceC.skillD.comfort

【答案】A

【解析】根據(jù)下文的"whyIenjoyed…somuch”可知，作者感到難以置信----驚嘆于自己從中

感到的樂趣。

3O.A.designsB.chancesC.varietiesD.demands

【答案】D

【解析】作者意識(shí)到這是因?yàn)檫@份工作的要求demands）正是他在博士課程中所錯(cuò)過hissing）

的。design”設(shè)計(jì)”;chance”機(jī)會(huì)”;variety”品種。

3l.A.missingB.sufferingC.learningD.avoiding

【答案】A

【解析】參見上題解析。

32.A.boringB.meaningfulC.simpleD.vague

【答案】C

［解析】根據(jù)上文中的"cuttingfruitanddoingotherunskilledtasks”可知，此處表示作者做的

工作很簡(jiǎn)單(simple)。boring”無(wú)聊的，令人厭煩的"；meaningfill”有意義的”;vague”模糊的,

含糊的、

33.A.hittingB.thinkingC.winningD.complaining

【答案】B

【解析】作者四年來(lái)都盡可能不休息，一直努力思考(thinking)o

34.A.nervousB.ashamedC.proudD.unaware

【答案】D

【解析】作者完全沒有意識(shí)至U它帶給自己精神上的損害。benervousof'害怕”;beashamedof1'

為...感到羞愧”;beproud0fH為....感到自蒙，;beunawareoP沒有意識(shí)到”。

35.A.practicesB.motivationsC.breaksD.reasons

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)作者的這次經(jīng)歷和“Ihadnothadapause”可知，此處表示，從那以后，作者試

著讓他的大腦有更多的休息(breaks)。

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題L5分，滿分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

Whenyoureadabook,you'veprobablynoticedthatabrand-newbookhasaratherspecial

smell,36differsfromthatofanoldbook.Wheredoes37

comefrom?Threesources-thepaper,theinkandtheglue.

Around105A.D.,theChinesefirstinventedpaper,oneofthe

greatest38(invent)intheworld.Itismade39wood.The

woodmustbeprocessedwithvariouschemicals40(add)tochangeits

structure,toremoveacidandtowhitenthepaper.Thencomestheink-therearemanykinds.Some

inksfadewithtime,whileothersget41(dark)thantheywereyearsago.

Finally,differentgluesareusedtojointhesheetstogetherandattachthecovers,whether

hardcovers42paperbacks.Therefore,youcansmelldifferentchemicals

43(come)outofyournewbook.

Today,theformsofbooks44(change)dramaticallysincethebirth

ofe-books.Theymightbe45(convenience),butyoucan'tgiveyourcopyto

othersasapresent,andtheydon*tsmellgood.

36.【答案】

which【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為當(dāng)你讀書的時(shí)候，你可能已經(jīng)注意到，一本嶄新的

書會(huì)有一種很特別的味道，這種味道和一本舊書（的味道）不同。分析句子成分可知，此處

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾aratherspecialsmell,且在句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。

37.【答案】it/that/this

【解析】考查代詞。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，此處指代上文提到的aratherspecialsmell,可用it,that或

this來(lái)指代。

38.【答案】inventions

【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意為：大約在公元105年，中國(guó)人首先發(fā)明了紙,

這是世界上最偉大的發(fā)明之一?！皁neofHhe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“最……的……

之一”，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填inventions。

39.【答案】from

【解析】考查介詞。bemadeof...意為"由...構(gòu)成（可看出原材料）"；bemadefh）m…意為

“由……構(gòu)成（看不出原材料）”，根據(jù)常識(shí)可知，紙是由木材制成的，看不出原材料，故填

fromo

40.【答案】added

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：木材中必須加入各種化學(xué)物質(zhì)進(jìn)行加工以改變其結(jié)構(gòu)、

除酸，并使紙張變白。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是mustbeprocessed,故此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)形式，且add與

chemicals之間為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞作定語(yǔ)。故填added。

41.【答案】darker

【解析】考查形容詞的比較等級(jí)。句意為有些墨水會(huì)隨時(shí)間而褪色，而另一些與幾年前相

比會(huì)變得更黑。根據(jù)空后的than可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級(jí)。故填darker。

42.【答案】or

【解析】考查固定用法。句意為最后，無(wú)論是精裝書還是平裝書，它們都使用不同的膠水

把這些紙張粘在一起并附上書皮。whe