2025年MBA英語(yǔ)閱讀理解強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練試卷：高效閱讀策略全解析考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartOne:ReadingComprehensionDirections:Beloweachpassage,therearefivequestions.Foreachquestion,therearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOneTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hasprecipitatedaglobalconversationaboutitsimplicationsforthefutureofwork.WhileoptimistsanticipateAIwillautomatemundanetasks,creatingnewjobcategoriesandboostingoverallproductivity,pessimistsworryaboutwidespreadjobdisplacementandincreasedeconomicinequality.Thisdichotomyreflectsafundamentaltension:howcansocietiesharnessthetransformativepotentialofAIwhilemitigatingitsrisks?ProponentsofAIintheworkplacearguethathistoryisrepletewithtechnologicalshiftsthatinitiallydisplacedworkersbutultimatelygeneratedmoreopportunitiesthanlosses.Forinstance,theIndustrialRevolutionautomatedmanyagrarianandmanuallaborjobsbutsimultaneouslyspurredthegrowthofmanufacturing,services,andeventually,aburgeoningmiddleclass.Similarly,AIisprojectedtoautomateroutinecognitivetasksinsectorslikefinance,administration,andcustomerservice.Thisautomationcouldfreeuphumanworkerstofocusonmorecomplex,creative,andemotionallyintelligentroles—tasksthatAIisill-suitedfor.Moreover,AIcouldactasaproductivitycatalyst,enablingbusinessestoexpandoperations,innovateproducts,anddeliverpreviouslyunattainablelevelsofefficiency,whichmight,inturn,fueleconomicgrowthandjobcreationinotherareas.However,thecriticsraisevalidconcernsthatcannotbeignored.Thenatureofthejobsbeingautomatedoftenrequireslessspecializedskillsets,makingthedisplacedworkersmorevulnerableduringeconomictransitions.Furthermore,thenewlycreatedjobsdemandingAIinteractionoroversightoftenrequirehighereducationlevelsorspecializedtraining,potentiallywideningtheskillsgapandexacerbatingincomeinequality.Thereisalsothematterofalgorithmicbias,whereAIsystemstrainedonhistoricaldatamightperpetuateandevenamplifyexistingsocietalbiasesinhiring,promotion,andcustomerinteractions.TheeconomicbenefitsofAImight,therefore,disproportionatelyfavoraselectfew,leavingothersbehind.Thesocietalinfrastructure,suchaseducationsystemsandsocialsafetynets,mightneedsignificantadaptationtosupportworkerstransitioningthroughthesetechnologicalshifts.Ultimately,thefutureofworkintheageofAIisnotpredetermined;itisshapedbythechoiceswemaketoday.Governments,businesses,andeducationalinstitutionsmustcollaboratetonavigatethistransitionsmoothly.Thisinvolvesinvestinginlifelonglearningprogramstoequipworkerswiththeskillsneededfortheevolvingjobmarket,fosteringanenvironmentofcontinuousupskillingandreskilling.Additionally,policymakersmustconsiderimplementingmeasurestoredistributetheeconomicgainsgeneratedbyAImoreequitably,suchasprogressivetaxationorenhancedsocialwelfaresystems.Businesses,inturn,havearesponsibilitytoadoptethicalAIpractices,ensurefairnessintheirimplementation,andprioritizethehumanelementintheiroperations.ThegoalshouldbenottopandertoeitherextremeoptimismorpessimismbuttocraftabalancedapproachthatmaximizesthebenefitsofAIwhileactivelyaddressingitspotentialdownsidesfortheworkforce.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?2.AccordingtoproponentsofAI,whichofthefollowingisapotentialbenefitofAIautomation?3.WhatconcerndocriticsraiseregardingthejobscreatedbyAI?4.Theword"precipitated"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestasanecessarycomponentformanagingtheimpactofAIontheworkforce?PassageTwoSustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomeanimperativeinthe21stcenturyascitiesgrapplewiththechallengesofpopulationgrowth,resourcedepletion,andenvironmentaldegradation.Traditionalurbanmodels,characterizedbysprawlingsuburbs,relianceonprivateautomobiles,andextensiveinfrastructureforsingle-purposeuse,areincreasinglyunsustainable.Thesemodelsconsumevastamountsofland,contributesignificantlytogreenhousegasemissions,andoftenleadtosocialsegregationandinefficientlanduse.Consequently,thereisagrowingglobalmovementtowardsreimaginingcitiesasmoresustainable,livable,andresilientenvironments.Acornerstoneofsustainableurbandevelopmentisthepromotionofcompact,mixed-usecommunities.Unliketraditionalsprawl,compactcitiesconcentratepopulationandactivitieswithinasmallerarea,reducingtheneedforlong-distancetravelandpromotingtheuseofpublictransportation.Mixed-usedevelopment,integratingresidential,commercial,recreational,andculturalspaceswithinthesamearea,fosterssocialinteraction,reducesdependencyoncars,andcreatesvibrant,walkableneighborhoods.Suchdesignsnotonlyenhancethequalityoflifeforresidentsbutalsoimproveenergyefficiencybydecreasingtransportationneedsandencouragingtheuseofsharedresources.Beyondlanduseandtransportation,sustainablecitiesprioritizeresourceefficiencyandenvironmentalprotection.Implementingintegratedwatermanagementsystems,forinstance,involvesstrategieslikerainwaterharvesting,wastewaterrecycling,andreducingwaterlossthroughsmartinfrastructure.Similarly,transitioningtorenewableenergysourcesforurbanoperationsandencouragingenergy-efficientbuildingdesignandgreenbuildingmaterialsarecrucialsteps.Urbangreenspaces—parks,greenroofs,andurbanforests—playavitalroleinmitigatingtheurbanheatislandeffect,improvingairquality,conservingbiodiversity,andprovidingrecreationalopportunitiesforresidents.Wastereductionandmanagement,includingcomprehensiverecyclingprogramsandcompostinginitiatives,arealsoessentialcomponentsofasustainableurbanecosystem.Achievingsustainableurbandevelopmentrequiresamulti-stiplinaryapproachinvolvingplanners,policymakers,engineers,architects,andcommunitymembers.Itnecessitatesashiftfromsectoralplanningtoholistic,integratedurbanplanningthatconsiderstheenvironmental,social,andeconomicdimensionsofcitylife.Innovativefinancingmechanisms,public-privatepartnerships,andcommunityengagementareoftenrequiredtoimplementlarge-scalesustainableurbanprojects.Whilechallengesremain,theincreasingawarenessofenvironmentallimitsandthedesireforabetterqualityoflifedrivethecontinuedevolutionofurbanplanningtowardsmoresustainablemodels.Thesuccessoftheseinitiativesultimatelydependsonthecommitmentofallstakeholderstocollaborateandimplementlong-term,forward-thinkingsolutions.Questions:6.Whatdoesthepassageprimarilydiscuss?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeycharacteristicofcompact,mixed-usecommunities?8.Theword"imperative"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:9.Whatroledourbangreenspacesplayinsustainablecities?10.Whatfactorisessentialforthesuccessfulimplementationofsustainableurbandevelopmentprojects?PassageThreeTheconceptof"gigeconomy"hasfundamentallyalteredthetraditionalemploymentlandscape,characterizedbylong-termcontracts,fixedsalaries,andemployeebenefits.Platformsfacilitatingtheconnectionbetweenserviceproviders(gigworkers)andclients(customersorbusinesses)haveexperiencedexplosivegrowthacrossvarioussectors,fromtransportationandfooddeliverytofreelanceconsultingandcreativeservices.Thisshiftpresentsbothsignificantopportunitiesandconsiderablechallengesforindividuals,businesses,andthebroadereconomy.Ontheonehand,thegigeconomyoffersremarkableflexibilityandautonomytoworkers.Individualscanchoosewhen,where,andhowmuchtheywork,allowingforgreatercontrolovertheirschedulesandthepotentialtoearnincomefrommultiplesources.Thisflexibilityisparticularlyappealingtostudents,parents,retirees,andthoseseekingsupplementaryincomeoralternativecareerpaths.Forbusinesses,accessingavast,geographicallydispersedtalentpoolonaproject-by-projectbasisofferscostsavings,scalability,andtheabilitytoquicklymeetfluctuatingdemand.Thisdynamiclabormarketcanstimulateinnovationandefficiencybyenablingcompaniestohirespecializedskillsasneededwithouttheoverheadoftraditionalemployment.However,therelianceonthegigeconomyisnotwithoutitsdrawbacks.Aprimaryconcernisthelackoftraditionalemploymentsecurityandbenefits.Gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivebenefitssuchashealthinsurance,paidsickleave,retirementplans,orunemploymentcompensation,leavingthemvulnerabletofinancialinstability,particularlyduringeconomicdownturnsorpersonalcrises.Thetransientandoftennon-escalatingnatureofgigworkcanalsoleadtojobinsecurityandlimitedcareerprogressionopportunities.Furthermore,thepowerimbalancebetweenplatformcompaniesandindividualworkersraisesissuesrelatedtofairpay,workingconditions,andtheabilitytounionize.Theclassificationofgigworkersasindependentcontractors,ratherthanemployees,oftenshieldsplatformsfromlegalobligationsassociatedwithlaborrightsandprotections.Thesefactorscontributetogrowingpublicandregulatoryscrutinyregardingthesustainabilityandfairnessofthecurrentgigeconomymodel.Thefuturetrajectoryofthegigeconomylikelyinvolvesongoingtensionandadaptation.Asawarenessofthechallengesassociatedwiththelackofbenefitsandsecurityincreases,thereisapotentialshifttowards"benefitportability"schemes,allowingworkerstoaccesscertainbenefitsacrossdifferentjobsorplatforms.Regulatoryinterventionsarealsolikelytoevolve,potentiallyredefiningworkerclassificationincertainsectorstoprovidegreaterprotectionswithoutstiflingtheflexibilitythatthegigeconomyoffers.Businessesmayexplorehybridmodelsthatcombinetheagilityofgigworkwithelementsoftraditionalemployment.Ultimately,findingabalancethatmaximizesthebenefitsofflexibilitywhileaddressingthevulnerabilitiesofgigworkerswillbecrucialforthelong-termhealthandacceptanceofthisevolvinglaborparadigm.Questions:11.Whatisthemaintopicofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneadvantageofthegigeconomyforworkers?13.Theword"explosive"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:14.Whatisasignificantconcernregardingthelackoftraditionalbenefitsforgigworkers?15.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasapotentialfuturedevelopmentinthegigeconomy?---試卷答案PartOne:ReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.D2.A3.B4.C5.EPassageTwo6.A7.C8.B9.D10.FPassageThree11.C12.A13.E14.D15.B---解析思路PassageOne1.解析思路：文章首段提出了關(guān)于AI對(duì)工作未來(lái)的樂(lè)觀與悲觀兩種觀點(diǎn)，并指出這反映了根本性的矛盾。隨后的段落分別闡述了樂(lè)觀和悲觀的觀點(diǎn)及其理由。最后一段總結(jié)指出未來(lái)取決于今日的選擇，并呼吁采取平衡方法。綜合來(lái)看，文章主要目的是探討人工智能對(duì)未來(lái)工作的影響及其應(yīng)對(duì)策略，而非僅僅呈現(xiàn)一方觀點(diǎn)或預(yù)測(cè)單一結(jié)果。故D（探討人工智能對(duì)未來(lái)工作的影響及應(yīng)對(duì)策略）最符合主旨。2.解析思路：根據(jù)第二段，支持者認(rèn)為AI自動(dòng)化會(huì)帶來(lái)好處，其理由之一是歷史證明技術(shù)變革最終創(chuàng)造了更多機(jī)會(huì)。接著明確指出，“AI將自動(dòng)化許多服務(wù)業(yè)的重復(fù)性認(rèn)知任務(wù)（routinecognitivetasksinsectorslikefinance,administration,andcustomerservice）”。同時(shí)提到自動(dòng)化將釋放人類(lèi)去從事更復(fù)雜、創(chuàng)造性和需要情感智能的工作。A（自動(dòng)化重復(fù)性認(rèn)知任務(wù)，使人類(lèi)能從事更高級(jí)的工作）概括了這一觀點(diǎn)。3.解析思路：根據(jù)第三段，批評(píng)者提出的擔(dān)憂(yōu)之一是“被自動(dòng)化取代的工作往往需要較少的專(zhuān)業(yè)技能，使得被取代的工人更容易在經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型期間受到傷害（oftenrequireslessspecializedskillsets,makingthedisplacedworkersmorevulnerableduringeconomictransitions）”。這意味著新創(chuàng)造的工作可能需要更高的技能水平，從而加劇技能差距和收入不平等。B（新創(chuàng)造的工作可能需要更高的技能水平，從而加劇不平等）最能概括這一點(diǎn)。4.解析思路：首段提到“Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)has*precipitated*aglobalconversationaboutitsimplicationsforthefutureofwork.”意為“人工智能的快速發(fā)展*引發(fā)了*關(guān)于其對(duì)未來(lái)工作影響的全球?qū)υ?huà)。”“Precipitated”在此處的意思是指“引起”、“促成”、“引發(fā)”。C（引發(fā)）最接近其含義。5.解析思路：末段明確指出，“Ultimately,thefutureofwork...isshapedbythechoiceswemaketoday.Governments,businesses,andeducationalinstitutionsmustcollaboratetonavigatethistransitionsmoothly.”并強(qiáng)調(diào)“這涉及投資于終身學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃...以及實(shí)施措施來(lái)更公平地分配AI產(chǎn)生的經(jīng)濟(jì)收益”。最后一句總結(jié)“目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是...制定一個(gè)平衡的方法...積極解決其對(duì)勞動(dòng)力隊(duì)伍的潛在負(fù)面影響”。E（政府、企業(yè)和教育機(jī)構(gòu)之間的合作以及制定平衡策略）綜合了末段提到的多方協(xié)作和采取平衡策略的核心建議。PassageTwo6.解析思路：文章首段點(diǎn)明“Sustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomeanimperative...ascitiesgrapplewiththechallengesofpopulationgrowth,resourcedepletion,andenvironmentaldegradation.”（可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展成為當(dāng)務(wù)之急...因?yàn)槌鞘姓龖?yīng)對(duì)人口增長(zhǎng)、資源枯竭和環(huán)境退化的挑戰(zhàn)）。隨后段落詳細(xì)闡述了實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展的途徑，如緊湊型混合使用社區(qū)、資源效率、綠色空間等。最后一段再次強(qiáng)調(diào)向可持續(xù)模式轉(zhuǎn)變的必要性。全文圍繞可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展的概念、挑戰(zhàn)和實(shí)現(xiàn)方式展開(kāi)。故A（可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展的概念、挑戰(zhàn)和實(shí)現(xiàn)方式）最能概括主旨。7.解析思路：根據(jù)第二段，“compact,mixed-usecommunities”的特點(diǎn)被描述為“concentratepopulationandactivitieswithinasmallerarea,reducingtheneedforlong-distancetravelandpromotingtheuseofpublictransportation”（將人口和活動(dòng)集中在一個(gè)較小的區(qū)域內(nèi)，減少長(zhǎng)途旅行的需要，并促進(jìn)公共交通的使用）。C（促進(jìn)公共交通的使用并減少對(duì)汽車(chē)的依賴(lài)）是該段對(duì)此特點(diǎn)的概括性描述。8.解析思路：首段提到“Sustainableurbandevelopmenthasbecomean*imperative*...”意為“可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展成為*當(dāng)務(wù)之急*...”。在此語(yǔ)境下，“imperative”指的是某事是絕對(duì)必要或緊急的。B（必要的事）最接近其含義。9.解析思路：根據(jù)第三段，“Urbangreenspaces—parks,greenroofs,andurbanforests—playavitalrolein*mitigating*theurbanheatislandeffect,improvingairquality,conservingbiodiversity,andprovidingrecreationalopportunitiesforresidents.”意為“城市綠地——公園、綠色屋頂和城市森林——在*緩解*城市熱島效應(yīng)、改善空氣質(zhì)量、保護(hù)生物多樣性和為居民提供休閑機(jī)會(huì)方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用。”“Mitigating”在此處的意思是指“減輕”、“緩解”。D（緩解城市熱島效應(yīng)）最接近其含義。10.解析思路：根據(jù)第四段，“Achievingsustainableurbandevelopmentrequiresamulti-disciplinaryapproachinvolvingplanners,policymakers,engineers,architects,andcommunitymembers.Itnecessitatesashiftfromsectoralplanningtoholistic,integratedurbanplanning...Innovativefinancingmechanisms,public-privatepartnerships,andcommunityengagementareoftenrequiredtoimplementlarge-scalesustainableurbanprojects.”意為“實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展需要多學(xué)科方法，涉及規(guī)劃師、政策制定者、工程師、建筑師和社區(qū)居民。這需要從部門(mén)規(guī)劃轉(zhuǎn)向整體、綜合的城市規(guī)劃...創(chuàng)新融資機(jī)制、公私合作和社區(qū)參與通常對(duì)于實(shí)施大規(guī)?？沙掷m(xù)城市項(xiàng)目是必需的?！薄癠ltimately,thesuccessoftheseinitiativesultimatelydependsonthecommitmentofallstakeholderstocollaborateandimplementlong-term,forward-thinkingsolutions.”意為“最終，這些計(jì)劃的成敗取決于所有利益相關(guān)者合作的承諾