高三英語閱讀理解(社會(huì)文化)試題(有答案和解析)含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解社會(huì)文化類1．閱讀理解

InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital(婚姻的)status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu(印度教的)religion.ThedotgoesbydifferentnamesindifferentHindidialects,and“bindi"istheonethatismostcommonlyknown.Traditionally,thedotcarriesnogenderrestrictionMenaswellaswomenwearit.However,thetraditionofmenwearingithasfadedinrecenttimes,sonowadaysweseealotmorewomenthanmenwearingone.

Thepositionofthebindiisstandardcenteroftheforehead,closetotheeyebrows.Itrepresentsathird,orinnereye.HindutraditionholdsthatallpeoplehavethreeeyesThetwoouteronesareusedforseeingtheoutsideworld,andthethirdoneistheretofocusinwardtowardGod.Assuch,thedotmeanspiety(虔誠(chéng))andservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts.

Redisthetraditionalcolorofthedot.Itissaidthatinancienttimesamanwouldplaceadropofbloodbetweenhiswife'seyestosealtheirmarriage.AccordingtoHindubeliefs,thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple.Today,peoplegowithdifferentcolorsdependingupontheirpreferences.Womenoftenweardotsthatmatchthecoloroftheirclothes.Decorativeofstickerbindiscomeinallsizes,colorsandvariations,andcanbewornbyyoungandold,marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike.Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.（1）WhydidpeopleinIndiastartwearingareddotontheirforehead?A.Tostresstheirfamilybackground.B.Toindicatetheirsocialrank.C.Toshowtheirreligiousbelief.D.Todisplaytheirfinancialstatus.（2）WhatisthefunctionofthethirdeyeinHindutradition?A.Tohelptheothereyesseebetter.B.Tolooktothedistance.C.Toseetheoutsideworld.D.TopayrespecttoGod.（3）Whywasredchosenastheoriginalcolorofthebindi?A.Theword"bindi"means"red"insomeHindidialects.B.Redwasbelievedtobealuckycolorforhusbandandwife.C.ThereddotrepresentedthebloodofGod.D.Redstoodforawife'sloveforherhusband.（4）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutbindistoday?A.Bindisarenowusedtomakepeoplelookbetter.B.Bindisarewornanywhereonthefacenow.C.MostIndianwomendonotwearbindisanymore.D.MorementhanwomenwearbindisinIndia.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，大多數(shù)印度女人的眉毛中間都戴著紅點(diǎn)，這種做法主要與印度教有關(guān)，它代表的是第三只眼，可以時(shí)時(shí)提醒信徒要尊敬上帝?，F(xiàn)在眉心紅點(diǎn)更多的是作為裝飾品使用。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“InIndia,mostofthewomenwearareddotbetweentheireyebrows.Whileitisgenerallytakenasanindicatoroftheirmarital（婚姻的）status,thepracticeisprimarilyrelatedtotheHindu（印度教的）religion.”在印度，大多數(shù)女性的眉毛上都有一個(gè)紅點(diǎn)。雖然這通常被認(rèn)為是他們婚姻狀況的一個(gè)指標(biāo)，但這種做法主要與印度教有關(guān)?？芍@種做法主要與印度教有關(guān)，所以印度人前額戴紅點(diǎn)是展示他們的宗教信仰。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段可知，印度傳統(tǒng)上認(rèn)為人有第三只眼。以及“Assuch，thedotservesasaconstantremindertokeepGodinthefrontofabeliever'sthoughts．”因此，點(diǎn)作為一個(gè)持續(xù)的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教傳統(tǒng)中的重要性是要尊重上帝。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“AccordingtoHindubeliefs，thecolorredisbelievedtobringgoodfortunetothemarriedcouple．”可知，根據(jù)印度教的信仰，紅色被認(rèn)為能為已婚的夫婦帶來好運(yùn)。故選B。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Decorativeorstickerbindiscomeinallsizes，colorsandvariations，andcanbewornbyyoungandold，marriedandunmarriedpeoplealike．Wearingabindihasbecomemoreofafashionstatementthanareligiouscustom.”裝飾物或貼紙貼紙有各種尺寸、顏色和變化，年輕人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。佩戴賓蒂帽與其說是一種宗教習(xí)俗，不如說是一種時(shí)尚宣言?？芍?，眉心紅點(diǎn)現(xiàn)在更多的被用作裝飾品。故選A．【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Atonetimeoranotherinyourlifeyouhaveprobablydoneorigami,evenifitwasjustmakingapaperairplaneorsomethingmorecomplicatedlikeapapercrane.Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.

Butdidyoueverstoptothinkhowthesametechniquesmightbeappliedtoengineering?Equipmentthatcouldbeofrealpracticaluse?Origamimeetsthedemandforthingsthatneedtobesmallwhentransportedandlargewhentheyarrive,liketheeverydayumbrella.Infact,origami-inspiredcreationshavealreadyflowninspace;in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.

'It'snowmathematicallyproventhatyoucanprettymuchfoldanything,"saysphysicistRobertJ.Lang,whoquithisengineeringjobeightyearsagotofoldthingsfulltime.Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.Heiscurrentlyworkingonaspacetelescopelensthat,ifallgoesaccordingtoplan,shouldbeabletounfoldtothesizeofafootballfield.

Attheotherendofthescale,researchersarealsoworkingontinyfoldingdevicesthatcouldleadtobreakthroughsinmedicineandcomputing.There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.

Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine."Someday,"saysMIT'sErikDemaine,"we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重構(gòu)的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.Toomuchlikesciencefictiontobetrue?Maybe—thoughyoucertainlywouldn'twanttobetagainstit."（1）Whatdoweknowaboutorigami?A.

Itconsumeslotsoftime.

B.

Itinvolvesinterestingideas.C.

Itrequirescomplextechniques.

D.

Ithastodowithcuttingandpasting.（2）Whichofthefollowingisanapplicationoforigami?A.

Aspacetelescopelenscanbefoldedtothesizeofanumbrella.B.

Asatelliteisequippedwithsolarpanelsandafoldedmap.C.

Anairbagcanbebetterfoldedintoadashboardofacar.D.

Afuturecomputercontainsmanyhugefoldedmotors.（3）WhatisErikDemaine'sattitudetowardsorigamiengineering?A.

Hopeful

B.

Doubtful.

C.

Disapproving.

D.

Ambiguous.（4）Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.

Entertainment.

B.

Culture.

C.

Education.

D.

Pop-science.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，折紙是一種具有創(chuàng)造性的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，而現(xiàn)在它已經(jīng)被應(yīng)用到技術(shù)工程領(lǐng)域，人們利用折紙?jiān)韯?chuàng)造出了很多可折疊的裝置。折紙工程將在很大程度上影響未來的醫(yī)藥、計(jì)算機(jī)和機(jī)器人行業(yè)。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thechancesarethatasyoudidit,youreflectedonhowinventivethistraditionalartis.Animals,boxes,flowers,boats:itallcanbecreatedfromasinglesquareorrectangularsheetofpapersimplybyfoldingit.Nocutting,nopasting.”可知，折紙是一個(gè)具有創(chuàng)造性的傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)，我們不用裁剪或拼貼，只通過折疊就可以把一張正方形或者三角形的紙變成動(dòng)物、紙盒、花、船等東西，由此推測(cè)折紙需要有創(chuàng)造性的和有趣的想法。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedawell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”可知折紙愛好者Lang向一位制造商建議了把安全氣囊折疊到儀表盤中的最佳方式。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Applicationsfororigamiengineeringgofurtherthanmanyofusmightimagine”可知ErikDemaine認(rèn)為折紙工程的應(yīng)用遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了我們的想象，由此可推測(cè)ErikDemaine對(duì)折紙工程的未來充滿希望。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“in1995,Japaneseengineerslaunchedasatellitewithsolarpanelsthatfoldedlikeamap.”；第三段中的“Lang,anorigamienthusiastsinceagesix,advisedaadvisedwell-knownearmanufacturerthebestwaytofoldanairbagintoadashboard.”；第四段中的“There'snodoubtthatcomputersofthefuturemaycontaintiny,foldedmotorsorcapacitorsforfasterprocessingandbettermemory.”和第五段中的“‘Someday,’saysMIT'sErikDemaine,‘we'llbuildreconfigurable(可重構(gòu)的)robotsthatcanfoldontheirownfromonethingintoanother,likeTransformers.’”可知衛(wèi)星，安全氣囊的折疊，未來電腦的發(fā)展和未來可重構(gòu)機(jī)器人，這些都和科學(xué)技術(shù)相關(guān)，故推測(cè)本文很有可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的科學(xué)板塊。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

March21hasbeendeclaredWorldSleepDay,atimetorecognizeandcelebratethevalueofsleep.Manysleepexpertshopeitwillbeawake-upcall.

Accordingtoapoll(民意調(diào)查)bytheNationalSleepFoundation,nearly4in5Americansdon'tgetasmuchsleepastheyshouldduringtheworkweek.Onaverage,adultsarethoughttoneedatleasteighthoursofsleepanight,althoughsomecanmanagewithlessandsomewon'tdowellwithoutmore.Butthesurveyfoundthat,onweekdays,only21%ofAmericansactuallygetafulleighthoursofsleep,andanother21%getlessthansixhours.

Tomanyofus,thethoughtofspendingmoretimesleepingis,well,abigyawn.Ontheotherhand,thethoughtofbeingsmarter,thinner,healthierandmorecheerfulhasacertainappeal.Andthosearejustafewoftheadvantagesthatcanbeoursifweconsistentlygetenoughsleep,researcherssay.Alsoontheplusside:We'relikelytohavebetterskin,bettermemories,betterjudgment,and,oh,yes,longerlives.

“Whenyouloseevenonehourofsleepforanyreason,itinfluencesyourperformancethenextday,”saysDr.AlonAvidan,directoroftheUCLASleepDisordersCenter.

Astudypublishedlastyearfoundthesametobetrueevenofchildren.Whenkidsaged8to12sleptforjustonehourlessforfournights,theydidn'tfunctionaswellduringtheday.

Butsleepinghasanimageproblem.“Weseenappingorsleepingaslazy,”saysJenniferVriend,aclinicalpsychologistinOttawa,Canada,andtheleadingauthorofthestudywithchildren.“Weputsomuchemphasisondiet,nutritionandexercise.Sleepisinthebackseat.Infact,”sheadds,“nomatterhowmuchweworkout,nomatterhowwellweeat,wecan'tbeintopphysicalshapeunlesswealsogetplentyofsleep.”（1）TheunderlinedpartinParagraph1means

.A.

wakingupthesleepers

B.

drawingpeople'sattentionC.

servingasamorningcall

D.

declaringthespecialday（2）FromParagraph3wecaninferthat

.A.

beinghealthierisoneoftheadvantagesforusB.

sleepinghasnothingtodowithone'sexpectationsC.

enoughsleepistheguaranteeoftheappealingthingsD.

spendingmoretimeinsleepingisawasteoftime（3）WhatJenniferVriendsaidinthelastparagraphimpliesthat

.A.

peoplecarelittleaboutsleeping

B.

sleepingisanimageproblemC.

lazypeopletendtosleeplong

D.

sleepingisonlypartofourlife（4）Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.

Totalkaboutpeople'ssleepingproblems.B.

Toprovideaninvestigationresultofsleeping.C.

Tostressthefunctionofsleepingatnight.D.

Toarousetheawarenessofenoughsleep.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，充足的睡眠對(duì)我們非常重要,為了引起人們的足夠重視,3月21日被宣布為世界睡眠日。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。此處指,睡眠專家希望3月21日被宣布為世界睡眠日這件事會(huì)引起人們對(duì)睡眠的重視。由此可知,awake-upcall含有警鐘的意思。與B項(xiàng)表述的意思相近,故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ontheotherhand,thethoughtofbeingsmarter,thinner,healthierandmorecheerfulhasacertainappeal.”可知,充足的睡眠可以使我們更聰明、更苗條、更健康、更快樂等,這些都是有吸引力的事情。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Weputsomuchemphasisondiet,nutritionandexercise.Sleepisinthebackseat.”可知,人們注重飲食、營(yíng)養(yǎng)和鍛煉,不很重視睡眠。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。這篇文章旨在讓人們意識(shí)到充足睡眠的重要性,呼吁人們關(guān)注睡眠問題。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

WhileBlackFridayandCyberMondayhelpstarttheholidayshoppingseason,GivingTuesday,whichwillbeobservedonNovember28,attemptstoinspiretheseasonofgiving.Nowinitssixthyear,thecharitable(慈善的)dayusesthepowerofsocialmediatoencourageorganizationsandindividualstodonatefundsorresourcestoworthycauses.Itsmissionistobringpositivechangetocommunitiesthroughgiving.

Thoughdevotingjustonedaytoaworthycausemaynotseemmuch,GivingTuesdaymakesasurprisinglysignificantimpact.In2015,ORGANIZE,anonlineorgandonorprogramaskedpeopleto“GivewithyourHeart”,bybecomingregistereddonors.ThousandsofAmericanslistentothecryforhelp,resultinginoneofthelargestdigitaldonordrivesinUShistory.

Thatsameyear,theClevelandLibraryandthePrattLibraryinBaltimorecompetedtoseewhocouldencouragemoredonations.WhilethePrattLibrarywonwitha$41,000acquisition,theClevelandLibrarywasabletoraiseafairlylargeamountforitsprogramsaswell.In2016,theUniversityofMichiganencouragedstudentsandfriendstodonatetohourlychallenges.Theyraisedanamazing$5.5million!Theuniversityhopestorecreatethemagicthisyear,withavirtualcelebrationtomarktheinstitution's200thanniversary.

GivingTuesdayisnotjustaUSphenomenon,butaglobalmovement.In2016,98countriesparticipatedintheevent,raising$177million,a44%increaseover2015,when71nationscollected$116.7million.Thesenumberscanonlyincreaseasthedaygainsfurtherrecognition.

Thoughdonatingfundsisagreatwaytohelp,therearenumerousotherwaystosupportyourlocalcommunity.Youcangivebackbyvolunteeringatanearbynonprofitorfoodbank.Socialmediaexpertscandotheirsharebyspreadingtheinformationandinspiringtheircolleaguestogetinvolved.AnothergreatwaytocelebrateGivingTuesdayisbyhelpingthoseclosesttoyou,whetherthat'sassistingafamilymemberwithchoresorhelpinganeighborwithyardwork.（1）WhyisGivingTuesdaystarted?A.

Toappealtopeopletoperformanactofkindness.B.

Topromotesalesoftheholidayshoppingseason.C.

Toinspirethepoortohaveapositiveviewoflife.D.

Toencouragepeopletodonateorgansforpatients.（2）Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat

.A.

peopledonatedmoneyactivelyforthetwolibrariesinBaltimoreB.

theUniversityofMichiganthoughtitchallengingtogetdonationsC.

GivingTuesdayhasn'tbeenuniversallyacceptedintheworldsofarD.

thedonationstotheinstitutionweregivenforits200thanniversary（3）Theauthortriestotellthereaders

inParagraph5.A.

whyweneedtovolunteerinourlocalcommunityB.

whowewillcelebrateGivingTuesdaytogetherwithC.

whereweshoulddonatefundstobenefitotherpeopleD.

howwecangivetohelpthosewhoareingreatneed【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹GivingTuesday,并激勵(lì)人們慷慨行善。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhileBlackFridayandCyberMondayhelpstarttheholidayshoppingseason,GivingTuesday,whichwillbeobservedonNovember28,attemptstoinspiretheseasonofgiving.”可知,人們慶祝GivingTuesday的目的是激勵(lì)人們慷慨行善。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thesenumberscanonlyincreaseasthedaygainsfurtherrecognition.”可以推斷出,到目前為止在世界上慶祝GivingTuesday還不夠普遍。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第五段中的“)Thoughdonatingfundsisagreatwaytohelp,therearenumerousotherwaystosupportyourlocalcommunity.”可知,本段文章的內(nèi)容主要講述為社會(huì)奉獻(xiàn)有許多種方式。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Academiclearningisusuallyinthespotlightatschool,butteachingelementary-agestudents“soft”skillslikeself-controlandhowtogetalongwithothersmighthelptokeepat-riskkidsoutofcriminaltroubleinthefuture.

OnceaprogramcalledFastTrackwasstartedintheearly1990sformorethan7,600childrenof55schoolsinAmerica.Theywereidentifiedbytheirteachersandparentstobeathighriskfordevelopingaggressivebehavioralproblems.Thestudentswererandomlydividedintotwogroups;halftookpartintheintervention,whichincludedateacher-ledcurriculum,parenttraininggroups,academictutoringandlessonsinself-controlandsocialskills.Theprogram,whichlastedfromfirstgradethrough10thgrade,reduceddelinquency(少年犯罪),arrestsanduseofhealthandmentalhealthservicesasthestudentsagedthroughadolescenceandyoungadulthood.

Inanotherlateststudy,bylookingatthedatafromnearly900studentsinpreviousfindings,researchersfoundthataboutathirdoftheinfluenceonfuturecrimeoutcomeswasduetothesocialandself-regulationskillsthestudentslearnedfromages6to11.

Theacademicskills,orhardskillslikelearningofphysics,whichweretaughtaspartofFastTrack,turnedouttohavelessofaninfluenceoncrimeanddelinquencyratesthandidthesoftskills,whichareassociatedwithemotional(情緒的)intelligence.Softskillsmightincludeteachingkidstoworkcooperativelyinagrouporteachingthemhowtothinkaboutthelong-termconsequenceswhentheymakeadecision.

Researchersdrewtheconclusionthatthesesoftskillsshouldbeemphasizedevenmoreinoureducationsystemandinoursystemofsocializingchildren.Parentsshoulddoalltheycantopromotetheseskillswiththeirchildrenasshouldeducationpolicymakers.Totheextentwecanimprovethoseskills,wecanimproveoutcomesindelinquency.（1）FastTrackwasintendedforchildrenwho

.A.

wererandomlychosenfromtheirschools

B.

hadsomeproblemswithacademiclearningC.

oftenwentagainsttheirteachersandparents'wishes

D.

wereconsideredtohavecriminaltroubleinthefuture（2）Whatcanbelearnedabout"theintervention"inParagraph2?A.

Itincludedallthestudents.

B.

Itfocusedonsocialskills.C.

Itimprovedhealthservices.

D.

Ithadpositiveoutcomes.（3）Comparedwithsoftskills,hardskills

.A.

almosthavenoinfluenceonstudents

B.

aremoreaffectedbystudents'emotionC.

aremainlyrelatedtoacademiclearning

D.

offerchildrengreaterself-controlabilities（4）Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.

SoftSocialSkillsMatter

B.

FastTrackHelpsChildrenC.

HowtoPreventDelinquency

D.

WhattoDOforEducation【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，講述的是軟社交技能的重要性。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Academiclearningisusuallyinthespotlightatschool,butteachingelementary-agestudents‘soft’skillslikeself-controlandhowtogetalongwithothersmighthelptokeepat-riskkidsoutofcriminaltroubleinthefuture.可知，F(xiàn)astTrack是為那些在未來被認(rèn)為有犯罪問題的兒童準(zhǔn)備的。故選D。(2)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thestudentswererandomlydividedintotwogroups;halftookpartintheintervention,whichincludedateacher-ledcurriculum,parenttraininggroups,academictutoringandlessonsinself-controlandsocialskills.”學(xué)生被隨機(jī)分為兩組；一半的人參與了theintervention，其中包括教師主導(dǎo)的課程、家長(zhǎng)培訓(xùn)小組、學(xué)術(shù)輔導(dǎo)以及自我控制和社交技巧方面的課程。由此推知?jiǎng)澗€詞的意思是“輔導(dǎo)”，故選D。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Theacademicskills,orhardskillslikelearningofphysics,whichweretaughtaspartofFastTrack,turnedouttohavelessofaninfluenceoncrimeanddelinquencyratesthandidthesoftskills,whichareassociatedwithemotional(情緒的)intelligence.”可知，與軟技能相比，硬技能主要與學(xué)術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)有關(guān)。故選C。(4)考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Researchersdrewtheconclusionthatthesesoftskillsshouldbeemphasizedevenmoreinoureducationsystemandinoursystemofsocializingchildren.”可知，本文講述的是軟社交技能的重要性。故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇社會(huì)類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Here'saselectionoffestivalsfortouriststotheUnitedStatesinsummer.SanFranciscoSilentFilmFestival

Filmsatthisoddcinematiceventhaveavarietyofmusicalaccompaniments,includingpianoandviolin.Itincludessomeclassicsilentmovies.Ifyouwanttoseethemall,youcanbuyafestivalpass.May29toJune1;www.silentUnionStreetFestival

Thispopularstreetfairstretchesoutoversixblocksofthecity,inthefashionableshoppingareaofUnionStreet.Thisyear,there'sbeer,wine,biscuitstastingandmoreseparatethemes-fashion,cuisine,tech,local,craft,andhealthandfitness.

June7to10;

NorthBeachFestival

ThisisSanFrancisco'soldeststreetparty,withliveentertainment,deliciousfoodandartsandcrafts.SituatedintheLittleItalydistrict,knownforitsassociationswiththe“BeatGeneration”,festivalgoersareguaranteedplentyofgoodItalianfood.Thereisalsoasthe“blessingoftheanimals”,aSanFranciscotraditionwhichtakesplaceattheNationalShrineofSaintFrancisofAssisi(610VallejoStreet)at2pmonbothdaysofthefestival.

June14to16;

SternGroveFestival

ThisistheoldestfreesummerartsfestivalofitskindintheUnitedStates.Itincludesawidevarietyofacts,fromthelocalsymphonyorchestratowellknownartistssuchasSmokeyRobinson.

SundaysfromJune22toAug24;（1）Whichofthefollowingfestivalscontainsthemostthemes?A.

UnionStreetFestival.

B.

SanFranciscoSilentFilmFestival.C.

NorthBeachFestival.

D.

StemGroveFestival.（2）HowisNorthBeachFestivaldifferentfromtheotherfestivals?A.

Festivalgoerscanenjoyfoodinit.

B.

Itlaststheshortesttime.C.

Ithasthelongesthistoryoffood.

D.

Someforeigncultureispresentedinit.（3）WhencanyouenjoytheoldestartsfestivalintheUnitedStates?A.

SaturdaysinJuly.

B.

SaturdaysinMay.

C.

SundaysinMay.

D.

SundaysinJuly.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了美國(guó)旅游時(shí)的夏季盛會(huì)，即三藩無聲電影節(jié)、聯(lián)合大街節(jié)、北灘節(jié)和斯特恩格羅夫節(jié)。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)UnionStreetFestival部分中的“Thisyear,there'sbeer,wine,biscuitstastingandmoreseparatethemes-fashion,cuisine,tech,local,craft,andhealthandfitness.”可知，今年有啤酒、葡萄酒、餅干品嘗和時(shí)尚、美食、科技、地方、工藝、健康和健身等多個(gè)主題?？芍xA。(2)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)NorthBeachFestival可知，時(shí)間是從June14to16，只有3天。SanFranciscoSilentFilmFestival（May29toJune1）4天；UnionStreetFestival（June7to10）4天；SternGroveFestival（SundaysfromJune22toAug24）時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。故選B。(3)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)SternGroveFestival部分中的“ThisistheoldestfreesummerartsfestivalofitskindintheUnitedStates.”中，時(shí)間在SundaysfromJune22toAug，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

EntrepreneurandCEOofTeslaandSpaceX,EldonMuskmayhavealittlemoretimeonhishands,ashe'sleavinghispositionontheboardoftheOpenAl,accordingtoablogpost.

ThedepartureislikelytheresultofTesla'smovingintothefieldofArtificialIntelligence(AI)，whichhesaidin2017wouldbethe“bestintheworld”andwouldevenbeableto“predictyourdestination,”Muskwillcontinueto“donateandadvisetheorganization,”O(jiān)penAIsaidinablogpostonFeb.20,addingthat“AsTeslacontinuestobecomemorefocusedonAI,thiswillavoidapotentialfutureconflictforEldon.

MuskandYCombinerCEOSamAltmanco-foundedthenonprofitenterpriseinDecember2015,itsmissionistodevelopsafeartificialgeneralintelligenceandensurethosedevelopmentsaremadepublic.OpenAIresearcherspublishedapaperonthesiteArXiv,org,detailingthepossiblesecurethreatsthatcomewith“malicious”AI.Infact,Muskhasheardthe“evilAI”alarmseveraltimes,OnAug.11，2017,hewarnedthatartificialintelligenceposesabiggerthreattohumanity,andhetoldagatheringofstategovernorsthatthegovernmentneedstoregulateAlbeforerobotsstart“killingpeople.”

Musk'sdeparturefromtheOpenAIboardcouldmeanbigthingsforTesla.AsEtonGoodbye,afinancialreporter,notedonFuturism,themove“couldsignalthatTeslaismoredeeplycommittedtotheirownAIprojectsthanwethought.”Headded,“Thosewhohavehadtheirearstoanyrumors(謠言)thatTeslaisreadytodelivervehiclescapableofLevel5autonomycouldtakethisnewOpenAldevelopmentasasignthatthecompanyisinchingclosertothatunapproachablegoal,”Nocompanyhasreachedthatlevelofautonomy,whichmeansthatadriverlesscarcouldnavigateanyroadunderanyconditionsandthatallthehuman“driver”wouldneedtodoistoinputadestination.（1）WhydoesEldonMuskleavehisposition?A.

TocreatesaferAI.

B.

TobuildpowerfulInternet.C.

Todevelopsocialcommunication.

D.

ToavoidapossibleconflictwithTesla.（2）WhatistheEldonMusk'sattitudetowardstheAI?A.

Ambiguous.

B.

Supportive.

C.

Negative.

D.

Sympathetic.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malicious”inParagraph3mean?A.

Poisonous.

B.

Unpopular.

C.

Advanced.

D.

Traditional.（4）WhatcanweinferfromEtonGoodbye'scomments?A.

Level5autonomyisimpossible.

B.

TherumorsaboutTeslaismeaningless.C.

HehasnoconfidenceinOpenAI.

D.

Level5autonomycouldsethumandriversfree.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了傳奇人物埃隆·馬斯克和他的公司。(1)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“EntrepreneurandCEOofTeslaandSpaceX,EldonMuskmayhavealittlemoretimeonhishands,ashe'sleavinghispositionontheboardoftheOpenAI,accordingtoablogpost.”和第二段中的“addingthat“AsTeslacontinuestobecomemorefocusedonAI,thiswillavoidapotentialfutureconflictforEldon.”可知EldonMusk離開他的職位是為了避免可能和Tesla產(chǎn)生沖突，故D。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Muskwillcontinueto“donateandadvisetheorganization”可推知EldonMusk對(duì)于AI的態(tài)度是同情，故選B。(3)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“Infact,Muskhasheardthe‘evilAI’alarmseveraltimes.”可猜測(cè)出“malicious”的意思是有害的，故選A。(4)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Nocompanyhasreachedthatlevelofautonomy,whichmeansthatadriverlesscarcouldnavigateanyroadunderanyconditionsandthatallthehuman‘driver’wouldneedtodoistoinputadestination.可推出“Level5autonomy”將會(huì)讓人類司機(jī)解放，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

SweetestDayisalwaysthethirdSaturdayinOctober.Thisholidayismuchmoreimportantinsomeregionsthaninothers(Detroit,ClevelandandBuffalobeingthebiggestSweetestDaycities).Itisaholidaythatisgaininginpopularityeveryyearthroughoutthecountry.

SweetestDayiscelebratedonthethirdSaturdayinOctoberasadaytomakesomeonehappy.Itisanoccasionwhichoffersallofusanopportunitytoremembernotonlythesick,aged,andorphaned,butalsofriends,relativesandassociateswhosehelpfulnessandkindnesswehaveenjoyed.

Over60yearsago,aClevelandman,believingthatthecity'sorphansandshut-ins(臥病在床的人)toooftenfeltforgottenandneglected,formedtheideaofshowingthemthattheywereremembered.Hedidthisthroughthedistribution(分發(fā))ofsmallgifts.Withthehelpofhisfriendsandneighbors,hedistributedthesesmallremembrancesonaSaturdayinOctober.Duringtheyearsthatfollowed,otherClevelandersbegantoparticipateinthecelebrationceremony,whichcametobecalled"SweetestDay".Intime,theSweetestDayideaofspreadingchee