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20/20第12講句子成分目錄TOC\o"1-2"\h\u01課標(biāo)達標(biāo)練考向01考查主語考向02考查謂語考向03考查賓語考向04考查定語考向05考查表語考向06考查補語、狀語、同位語、插入語02核心突破練03真題溯源練考向01考查主語在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。1.(2025·福建廈門·模擬預(yù)測)Ifnoactionsaretaken,theregionwillfacethethreatofbeingburiedbysandasno__________(defend)canstoptheadvancingdesertsandrepetitivestrongsandstorms.【答案】defense【解析】考查名詞。句意:如果不采取行動,該地區(qū)將面臨被沙子掩埋的威脅,因為沒有任何防御措施可以阻止沙漠的前進和反復(fù)的強沙塵暴。此處作從句的主語,表示“防御”,應(yīng)用名詞defense,故填defense。2.(2025·江西南昌·一模)Oneofthegreat__________(strength)ofthestudyisthatitincludespeoplewithverydifferentlevelsoffitnessandhealth.【答案】strengths【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:這項研究的一大優(yōu)勢在于,它包括了健身和健康水平非常不同的人,這意味著每個人,無論他們是運動健將還是不愛運動,都可以從強度降低死亡率的知識中受益?!皁neof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“……之一”,所以strength應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填strengths。__________(decorate)homeswithredlanternsandcoupletsaddsavividandwarmtouchtotheSpringFestivalatmosphere.【答案】Decorating【解析】考查動名詞。句意:用紅燈籠和對聯(lián)裝飾房屋為春節(jié)氛圍增添了生動而溫暖的感覺?!?decorate)homeswithredlanternsandcouplets”在句中作主語,用動名詞decorating作主語;句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Decorating。Therehasbeenaclose(associate)betweenthesetwocompanies.【答案】association【解析】考查名詞。句意:這兩家公司之間一直有密切的聯(lián)系。設(shè)空處在不定冠詞a后,應(yīng)填名詞形式,動詞associate的名詞為association,作therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語。故填association。Thenewcomer’s__(fail)toworkoutthetechnicalproblemdidn’tmakeherloseheart.【答案】failure/failing【解析】考查名詞或動名詞。句意:新來者未能解決技術(shù)問題并沒有讓她灰心。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處是名詞所有格newcomer’s修飾的名詞位置,因此需要用名詞failure作主語。也可以是“名詞’s+doing”動名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語,用動名詞failing。故填failure/failing。6.Itisconvenientforus__________(collect)informationrelatedtothenewprogrammeonline.【答案】tocollect【解析】考查非謂語動詞作真正的主語。句意:我們在網(wǎng)上收集與這個新程序相關(guān)的信息是很方便的。此處為固定句型“Itis+adj.+forsb.+todosth”,其中It為形式主語,真正的主語是后面的不定式短語,所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)填動詞不定式tocollect。故填tocollect。7.wereleasethatinnerpowerforsuccessiswhatweneedtolearn.【答案】How【解析】考查主語從句。句意:我們需要學(xué)習(xí)的是如何釋放內(nèi)心的力量來獲得成功?!癬_____wereleasethatinnerpowerforsuccess”是主語從句,表示“如何釋放內(nèi)心的力量來獲得成功”,空格處意為“如何”,用how引導(dǎo)主語從句,位于句首,首字母大寫,故填How。8.Thereisnodoubtthat__________(honest)andwillingnesstohelpothersarewhywebecomecharming.【答案】honesty【解析】考查名詞作主語。句意:毫無疑問,誠實和樂于助人的意愿是我們之所以變得有魅力的原因。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此空應(yīng)填名詞作主語,honesty,表“誠實”,為不可數(shù)名詞,符合語境。故填honesty。9.(spend)timetogetherinthegardencanbeagreatwaytoexerciseandhavefunwithyourpet.【答案】Spending【解析】考查非謂語動詞作主語。句意:在花園里一起度過時光是一種很好的鍛煉方式,同時也能和你的寵物一起享受樂趣。句中已有謂語canbe且此處與謂語之間無連詞連接,故設(shè)空處為非謂語動詞;句中缺少主語,用動名詞。設(shè)空處位于句首首字母需大寫。故填Spending。10.(learn)Englishistohavemoreopportunitiesinthefuture.【答案】Tolearn【解析】考查非謂語動詞作主語。句意:學(xué)習(xí)英語是為了在未來擁有更多機會。動詞不定式作主語,和表語tohave構(gòu)成平衡結(jié)構(gòu)。故填Tolearn。考向02考查謂語在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。1.(2025·遼寧大連·期末)Insummary,China’smuseumboom(characterize)byasurgeinvisitors,widespreaduseofnewtechnologyandmedia,deepeningsocialfunctions,andtheongoingdevelopmentofstrategiestoaddressemergingchallenges.【答案】ischaracterized【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:總之,中國博物館繁榮的特點是游客激增,新技術(shù)和媒體的廣泛使用,社會功能的深化,以及應(yīng)對新挑戰(zhàn)的戰(zhàn)略的不斷發(fā)展。characterize作本句謂語,根據(jù)空后的by可知,用被動語態(tài),描述客觀事實,用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語China’smuseumboom為第三人稱單數(shù)。故填ischaracterized。2.(2025·江西南昌·一模)Higherintensityphysicalactivity___(find)tobeassociatedwithlowerriskofanearlydeathfromallcauses,butthedifferenceismostnoticeablewhenitcomestocardiovasculardisease.【答案】isfound【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高強度的體育活動與各種原因?qū)е碌脑缢里L(fēng)險較低有關(guān),但這種差異在心血管疾病方面最為明顯。設(shè)空處為謂語,描述客觀事實,應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時,主語Higherintensityphysicalactivity和謂語之間是被動語態(tài),主語單數(shù),謂語第三人稱單數(shù),故填isfound。3.(2025·福建泉州·模擬預(yù)測)Allthepictures(take)lastyear,whenphotographersfromtheareaembarkedonaremarkablejourneyspanningmorethan5,000kilometers.【答案】weretaken【解析】考查時態(tài)語態(tài)及主謂一致。句意:所有的照片都是去年拍攝的,當(dāng)時來自該地區(qū)的攝影師們開啟了一段跨越5000多公里的非凡旅程。根據(jù)時間狀語lastyear可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時,主語Allthepictures與動詞take之間是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài),主語是復(fù)數(shù),be動詞用were。故填weretaken。4.(2025高三上·安徽合肥·階段練習(xí))She___(convince)thatthecaves’socialimportancefaroutweighedtheireconomicpotentialandthatscientificprotectionwasthekeytotheirsurvival.【答案】wasconvinced【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:她深信這些石窟的社會重要性遠遠超過其經(jīng)濟潛力,并且科學(xué)保護是其生存的關(guān)鍵。根據(jù)句意及上下文時態(tài)可知,此處應(yīng)用一般過去時,與主語She為被動關(guān)系,be動詞用過去式was。故填wasconvinced。5.(2025·廣東深圳·二模)Manyofthoseinattendancehadbeeninterviewedpreviouslybythefilmmakers.Mostwereseniors,buttherewerealsosomewithyoungchildren,andevenafewwho(fly)infromAustralia.【答案】flew【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:大多數(shù)是老年人,但也有一些人帶著年幼的孩子,甚至還有一些人從澳大利亞飛來??崭裉幨侵^語,句子描述過去的事情,時態(tài)是一般過去時,空格處用過去式,故填flew。6.(2025·山東濟南·一模)ChenXin,thechieforganizerofthe2024LondonChineseCuisineInternationalDevelopmentConvention,(emphasize)thatLondonwasbecomingatrueglobalcentreofChinesecuisine,stayingtruetoonesinglemission--providingChinesecustomerswithatasteofhomeandshowcasingthedepthofChineseculinaryculturetointernationaldiners.【答案】emphasized【解析】考查動詞。句意:陳新,2024年倫敦中國菜國際發(fā)展大會的首席組織者,強調(diào)倫敦正在成為真正的中國菜全球中心,始終忠于一個使命——為中國顧客提供家鄉(xiāng)的味道,并向國際食客展示中國烹飪文化的深度。陳述過去的動作,用一般過去時,設(shè)空處需要動詞的過去式作謂語。故填emphasized。7.(2025高三上·安徽阜陽·期中)Recently,thecourse(attract)130internationalstudents,includingthosefromBritain,France,Canada,Australia,JapanandSingapore.【答案】hasattracted【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:最近,該課程吸引了130名國際學(xué)生,其中包括來自英國、法國、加拿大、澳大利亞、日本和新加坡的學(xué)生。根據(jù)時間狀語“Recently”可知,這里應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。主語thiscourse為單數(shù),謂語用單數(shù)形式。故填hasattracted。8.(2025高三下·廣東深圳·階段練習(xí))Inthepast,Chineseanimation(see)asproductsforayoungeraudience,withtechnicalstandardsandnarrativeabilitieswhichstruggledtomatchwithHollywoodorJapaneseanimation.【答案】wasseen【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:在過去,中國動畫被視為面向年輕觀眾的產(chǎn)品,其技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和敘事能力難以與好萊塢或日本動畫相媲美??仗帪榫渥拥闹^語動詞,根據(jù)時間狀語Inthepast可知,句子應(yīng)用一般過去時,主語Chineseanimation和動詞see之間為被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài),主語為單數(shù),be動詞用was。故填wasseen。9.(2025·湖南·模擬)Sofar,fromswiftlyflowingrivervalleystomist-coveredmountains,denseforestsandsteepcliffs,whereverthereiswaterandsoil,terraces(dig).【答案】havebeendug【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:到目前為止,從湍急的河谷到薄霧籠罩的山脈、茂密的森林和陡峭的懸崖,無論哪里有水和土壤,都可以挖出梯田。此處作謂語動詞,主語為terraces,復(fù)數(shù),主語terraces與dig之間為被動關(guān)系,且時間狀語為sofar,故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時,故填havebeendug。10.(2025·四川成都·模擬)LiQun,directoroftheNationalCulturalHeritageAdministration,________(say)intheopeningceremonythatChinesecavetemplesdisplayedremarkablecharacteristicsintermsoftheirsubjectmatter,andartisticstyle,whichreflectedthepeacefulnatureofChinesecivilization.【答案】said【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意:國家文物局局長李群在開幕式上表示,中國石窟寺在主題和藝術(shù)風(fēng)格方面表現(xiàn)出顯著的特點,反映了中國文明的和平本質(zhì)。分析句子可知,空處作句子的謂語,結(jié)合從句時態(tài)推斷此處在敘述過去發(fā)生的事情,時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填said。考向03考查賓語在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。1.(2025·江蘇常州·一模)Thepracticecouldenhancetheoverall(effective)ofthenourishment.【答案】effectiveness【解析】考查名詞。句意:這種做法可以提高營養(yǎng)的整體有效性。設(shè)空處為名詞作賓語,“effective”的名詞形式是“effectiveness”,表示“效果”,故填effectiveness。2.(24-25高三下·江蘇鹽城·階段練習(xí))ButwhatmakesthisAsianrenaissance?Theanswerliesinauniqueblendofvisionaryleadership,economicgrowthandacultureofdisciplineand__(resolve).【答案】resolution【解析】考查名詞。句意:答案在于有遠見的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、經(jīng)濟增長以及紀(jì)律和決心的文化的獨特結(jié)合??仗幣cdiscipline構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,需用名詞形式,所給詞resolve為動詞,其名詞形式為resolution,意為“決心”。故填resolution。3.(24-25高三上·江蘇·階段練習(xí))ButwhatmakesthisAsianrenaissance?Theanswerliesinauniqueblendofvisionaryleadership,economicgrowthandacultureofdisciplineand_________(persevere).【答案】perseverance【解析】考查名詞。句意:答案在于有遠見的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、經(jīng)濟增長以及自律和堅持不懈的文化之間的獨特結(jié)合??仗幣cdiscipline構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系,需用名詞形式,所給詞persevere為動詞,其名詞形式為perseverance,意為“堅持不懈”。故填perseverance。4.(2025·全國·模擬預(yù)測)HunanCuisine,ontheotherhand,isfamousforitsboldandburningflavors,whichfeaturesthe(combine)offreshchilies(辣椒)andgarlictocreateapowerfulandintensespicytaste.【答案】combination【解析】考查名詞。句意:另一方面,湘菜以其大膽和辛辣的口味而聞名,它的特點是將新鮮的辣椒和大蒜結(jié)合在一起,創(chuàng)造出強烈的辛辣味道。根據(jù)the和offreshchilies(辣椒)andgarlic可知,空處應(yīng)用名詞combination(不可數(shù)),作賓語。故填combination。5.(24-25高三上·福建福州·期中)Onesuccessofhiswork,whichbeatoutover48,000(entry)from100countries,madehimthefirstChinesephotographertoreceivethetitleofwildlifephotographeroftheyearin2019.【答案】entries【解析】考查名詞。句意:他的作品擊敗了來自100個國家的4.8萬多名參賽作品,使他成為2019年第一個獲得年度野生動物攝影師稱號的中國攝影師。entry“參賽作品”為可數(shù)名詞,結(jié)合over48,000可知,此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式entries。故填entries。6.(2025·福建莆田·二模)Smartwearabledeviceshaveundergoneatransformativejourney,evolvingfromnichegadgetstointegral(companion)inmodernlife.【答案】companions【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意:智能可穿戴設(shè)備經(jīng)歷了一段變革之旅,從小眾產(chǎn)品發(fā)展成為現(xiàn)代生活中不可或缺的伴侶。從nichegadgets(小眾小工具)到現(xiàn)代生活中不可或缺的伙伴,這里用復(fù)數(shù)companions表示“伙伴”,作賓語。故填companions。7.(24-25高三下·海南省直轄縣級單位·開學(xué)考試)Tanya’sshopoffersfashionclothesforwomentorentratherthanpurchasethemoutright,providingalessexpensive(solve)toone-timeeventdressing.【答案】solution【解析】考查名詞。句意同上。空處需填名詞作賓語,不定冠詞a修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。故填solution。8.(24-25高三上·福建莆田·期末)EveryOctober,itistheharvestseasonforpomelo,atimewhenmerchantsflocktoDuliTowntopurchasethefruit.Mostofthese__(merchant)areregularbuyers.【答案】merchants【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意:這些商家大多是???。此處作賓語,merchant“商人”為可數(shù)名詞,空前有these修飾,應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填merchants。9.(24-25高三上·重慶·開學(xué)考試)“Youcanusetimelesspiecesasahandsome__(found)formanyaesthetic(美學(xué)的)languages,”Bushsays.【答案】foundation【解析】考查名詞。句意:布什說:“你可以用永恒的作品作為許多美學(xué)語言的漂亮基礎(chǔ)?!弊鹘樵~的賓語,應(yīng)用名詞foundation,不定冠詞提示用單數(shù)。故填foundation。10.(2025·山東濰坊·一模)Italsomakespossiblethe___(integrate)oftherichresourcesintothefieldofeducation,givingfullplaytotheirrolesofpreservinghistoryandeducatingpeople.【答案】integration【解析】考查名詞。句意:它也使這些豐富資源融入教育領(lǐng)域成為可能,充分發(fā)揮它們在保存歷史和教育人民方面的作用。integration意為“融合”,空處需填其名詞形式integration作make的賓語。故填integration??枷?4考查表語在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。1.Thefilmstarwas(annoy)toknowthathissonwasstilladdictedtodrugs.【答案】annoyed【解析】考查形容詞。句意:這位電影明星聽說他的兒子仍然吸毒而感到惱火。分析句子可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)填形容詞作表語。結(jié)合句意“感到惱火”是annoyed,以ed結(jié)尾的形容詞通常修飾人。故填annoyed。2.Itwastoo(fog)todriveanywhere,sotheyhadtostoptohavearestathome.【答案】foggy【解析】考查形容詞。句意:霧太大,不能開車去任何地方,所以他們不得不在家停下來休息。分析句子可知,設(shè)空處應(yīng)填形容詞作表語,再結(jié)合句意“有霧的”是foggy。故填foggy。3.Astimebecomes(limit)andschoolworkbeginstopileup,manystudentsstarttofeelmuchstressed.【答案】limited【解析】考查形容詞。句意:隨著時間變得有限,學(xué)校作業(yè)開始堆積,許多學(xué)生開始感到壓力很大。設(shè)空處接在系動詞become后,應(yīng)用形容詞作表語,表示有限的,故填limited。4.I'mdelightedtoreceiveyourinvitationandI'mso(honor)toserveasyourguidetothelocalbio-park.【答案】honored【解析】考查形容詞。句意:我很高興收到你的邀請,我很榮幸能作為你的導(dǎo)游去當(dāng)?shù)氐纳锕珗@。設(shè)空處接在be動詞后,應(yīng)用形容詞作表語,表示“榮幸的”,故填honored。5.Thisannualactivityisalwaystiringbut(reward),soIsincerelyinviteyoutogowithus.【答案】rewarding【解析】考查形容詞。句意:這項年度活動總是很累但很有意義,所以我真誠地邀請你和我們一起去。此處為形容詞作表語,根據(jù)空前的but可知,空處與tiring并列,應(yīng)用reward的形容詞形式rewarding,意為“有意義的,值得的”。故填rewarding。6.WewillseeourChineseenterprisesbecomingmoreandmore(compete)internationally,andourmotherlandgettingstrongerthaneverbefore.【答案】competitive【解析】考查形容詞。句意:我們將看到我們的中國企業(yè)在國際上變得越來越有競爭力,我們的祖國變得比以往任何時候都強大。設(shè)空處接在系動詞后,應(yīng)用形容詞比較級作表語,表示“有競爭力的”,故填competitive。7.Iamconvincedthattheexhibitionissuretobe(impress)andyouwillbedeeplymovedbytheirdevotionandselflessness.【答案】impressive【解析】考查形容詞。句意:我堅信這次展覽一定會令人印象深刻,您也會被他們的奉獻精神和無私品質(zhì)深深打動??仗幱眯稳菰~作表語,表示“令人印象深刻的”用impressive。故填impressive。8.Ireceivedyourmessageaboutthedifficultiesyou’refacinginyourstudies,andItrulyunderstandhow(challenge)itcanbe.【答案】challenging【解析】考查形容詞。句意:我收到了你關(guān)于你在學(xué)習(xí)中面臨的困難的信息,我真正理解這是多么具有挑戰(zhàn)性。在從句中作表語,修飾“在學(xué)習(xí)中面臨困難”這件事,用形容詞challenging,故填challenging。9.I’m(delight)tohearaboutyourplantolaunchanEnglishreadingactivity.Herearemysuggestions.【答案】delighted【解析】考查形容詞。句意:聽說你計劃開展英語閱讀活動,我很高興。以下是我的建議??仗帒?yīng)填形容詞作表語,delighted“高興的”,形容詞,故填delighted。10.What’smore,weare(create)andcankeepupwithmodernscienceandtechnology.【答案】creative【解析】考查形容詞。句意:此外,我們富有創(chuàng)造力,能夠跟上現(xiàn)代科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展。are是系動詞,后面需接形容詞creative“富有創(chuàng)造力的”作表語,故填creative。考向05考查補語、狀語、同位語、插入語在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。1.Withthedemandfromwholesalers(grow)rapidly,thecoupleareconstantlybusyimprovingtheirproducts.【答案】growing【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:由于批發(fā)商的需求增長迅速,這對夫婦一直在不斷努力改進他們的產(chǎn)品。此處grow與demand構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。故填growing。2.Mysonwillturn15nextweek.Iwanttogivehimsomethingspecial,butIhavenoideaIshouldbuy.【答案】what【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意:我兒子下周就15歲了。我想給他一些特別的東西,但我不知道該買什么。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句,解釋“idea”的內(nèi)容,從句中缺少賓語,且指代“買的東西”,因此應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)該從句,what在從句中作賓語。故填what。3.Asyoustarttomakeplansforwhatyouwanttodowithyourfuture,youmightaskyourselfaquestionyoushouldstartyourownbusiness.【答案】whether【解析】考查同位語從句。句意:當(dāng)你開始為自己的未來做計劃時,你可能會問自己一個問題:你是否應(yīng)該自己創(chuàng)業(yè)??仗幰龑?dǎo)同位語從句,解釋說明名詞question的具體內(nèi)容;此處表示“是否”,應(yīng)用whether引導(dǎo)該從句。故填whether4.Youshouldopenupyourmindtothefactlanguagerepresentsaculturalworldview.【答案】that【解析】考查同位語從句連接詞。句意:你應(yīng)該敞開心扉接受語言代表一種文化世界觀這一事實。分析句子可知,設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)同位語從句,對名詞thefact進行解釋說明,從句中不缺少成分且句意完整,因此應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)該同位語從句,that在從句中只起連接作用,無實際意義。故填that。5.(conclude),wehavefullconfidenceinanevenbrighterfutureofAsia.Let’sworktogethertomakeitareality.【答案】Toconclude【解析】考查固定短語。句意:總之,我們對亞洲更加光明的未來充滿信心。讓我們共同努力,將其實現(xiàn)。結(jié)合句意,此處需要使用結(jié)論性的引導(dǎo)詞,根據(jù)提示詞conclude可知,此處應(yīng)為固定短語toconclude意為“總之”,位于句首,to的首字母需大寫。故填Toconclude。6.ItcaneasilybeseenthatthepercentageofstudentswhochooselisteningtoEnglishsongsandwatchingEnglishmoviesis(respective)65%and50%.【答案】respectively【解析】考查副詞。句意:可以看出,選擇聽英文歌曲和看英文電影的學(xué)生比例分別是65%和50%。本空修飾后面的數(shù)值65%and50%,作狀語,用副詞respectively“分別地”。故填respectively。7.(be)honest,IwassurprisedheknewwhereIwas—Imovedsooften.【答案】Tobe【解析】考查固定短語。句意:老實說,我很驚訝他竟然知道我住在哪里,因為我經(jīng)常搬家。tobehonest意為“老實說,實話說”,故填Tobe。8.____(frank)speaking,heisnotthesuitableleaderfortheteam.【答案】Frankly【解析】考查固定短語。句意:坦率地說,他不是這個團隊合適的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定短語“franklyspeaking”,意為“坦率地說”,故空格處應(yīng)用“frank”的副詞形式“frankly”,句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Frankly。9.Itscaredmetoseeawhale(attack)byapackofaboutsixotherkillersatthattime.【答案】beingattacked【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:看到一只鯨魚被另外六只殺手鯨攻擊,我嚇了一跳。分析句子,seesb.doing為固定用法,表示“看見某人正在做某事”,該空所給動詞attack(攻擊)在句中作see的賓語awhale的補足語,被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式,seesb.beingdone結(jié)構(gòu)表示“看到……正在被……”。故填beingattacked。10.Nowitishometo(approximate)300folkhouses,20templesandancestralhalls,and10operastages.【答案】approximately【解析】考查副詞。句意:現(xiàn)在這里有大約300座民宅,20座寺廟和祠堂,以及10個戲臺。設(shè)空處修飾后面的數(shù)詞作狀語,應(yīng)用副詞形式,表示“大約”,故填approximately。11.Thankyousomuchforyourcallandkeepme(inform)intermsofwhatyou’redoing.【答案】informed【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:非常感謝您的來電,希望您一切順利,并請隨時告知我您目前的進展情況?!発eep+賓語+賓語補足語”為固定搭配,空處需填非謂語動詞,動詞inform與其邏輯主語me之間為動賓關(guān)系,故應(yīng)用過去分詞形式作賓語補足語。故填informed。12.Itisagreatreliefthathehasbeenadmittedtohisidealuniversity,(major)incivilengineering.【答案】majoring【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:令人欣慰的是,他被自己理想的大學(xué)錄取了,主修土木工程專業(yè)。thathehasbeenadmittedtohisidealuniversity,______incivilengineering是that引導(dǎo)的主語從句,he是主語,hasbeenadmitted是謂語動詞,括號內(nèi)給的是動詞,但空前無并列連詞,該動詞要變?yōu)榉侵^語動詞形式。由于______incivilengineering作主語補足語,對主語he作補充說明,它們是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,即“他主修土木工程專業(yè)”,要用現(xiàn)在分詞形式,直接在major的詞尾加-ing。故填majoring。題型閱讀理解Passage1(2026屆江蘇省如皋中學(xué)高三試題)IknewitwasgoingtobeabadfireworksseasonthisyearwhenIsawsomanydifferenttentssellingthemtothepublic.Iwasright.Thebangsandbooms(噼啪聲)startedbeforethefirstofJanuaryandlastedwaypastthefourth.IhaveneverbeenabigfanoffireworkssinceIwasaboy.ItwasthenthatalocalfairsetoffahugeshownearourhouseandIsawhowthenoiseterrifiedourdogs.Isatonthefloorwiththemduringthewholeshow,holdingtheirshakingbodies.Iknowalotofpeopleenjoythecolorfullightshowsthefireworkscanputonattimes.Theycanbebrightandbeautiful.Still,IfindthatIpreferthegentlerlightsofsummertothesenoisyones.Iloveseeingthemoonrisingabovethehillsintheevening.Itsgentle,smilingfacealwaysremindsmethatsomeonelovesmeandiswatchingovermefromabove.Theshinningstarsalsoalwayslooksoheavenlyandwonderfulwhenyoutakethetimetolookupintotheskiesandwatchthemshine.Ialsolovethebeautiful,blinking(眨眼的)lightsofthefirefliesthistimeoftheyear.Seeingtheirlovely,littlelightsastheyflyaroundalwaysfillsmyheartwithlightanddelightaswell.Itwarmsmysoulandremindsmeofwhataperfectworldwelivein.Ithinkweallmightdobettertogrowthegentlerlightswithinourselves.Oursocietyseemstopraiseandadmirethosewhocomeoffasboomingandbrash(自以為是的).1.Whydoestheauthormentionhischildhood’sexperience?A.Toshareanoldstory.B.Toexplainhistirednessoffireworks.C.Tostressajoyfulatmospherewithfireworks.D.Toremindusofthedangeroffireworks.2.Whydoestheauthorpreferlightslikethemoonlight?A.Becausetheyarebright,andbeautiful.B.Becausetheygivehimpleasantfeelings.C.Becausetheydon’tscarehisdogsanymore.D.Becausetheykeephimfreefrombeingmonitored.3.Howdoestheauthorfeelwhenseeingthefireflies?A.Grateful. B.Joyful. C.Determined. D.Beloved.4.Whatwouldtheauthorwriteaboutinthefollowingparagraph?A.Whygentlerlightsarebetterthannoisyones.B.Whatgentlerlightswillreallybringtoourlife.C.Howwecanmaketheworldagentlerplace.D.Whenwecanstopgreatnoisessuchasfireworks.【答案】1.B2.B3.B4.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者首先講述了童年時對煙花的厭惡,然后描述了他對柔光的喜愛,并倡導(dǎo)建設(shè)一個更加柔和的社會。1.推理判斷題。從第一段中的“IhaveneverbeenabigfanoffireworkssinceIwasaboy.(我從小就不太喜歡看煙花)”可知,作者不喜歡煙花,作者講述童年的經(jīng)歷是為了解釋他不喜歡煙花的原因,故選B項。2.細節(jié)理解題。從第二段最后一句“Itsgentle,smilingfacealwaysremindsmethatsomeonelovesmeandiswatchingovermefromabove.(它溫柔的笑臉總是讓我想起有人愛著我,從上面看著我)”可知,作者喜歡像月光一樣溫柔的光,是因為這能給他被愛、被關(guān)注的美妙感覺,故選B項。3.推理判斷題。從第三段第三句“Seeingtheirlovely,littlelightsastheyflyaroundalwaysfillsmyheartwithlightanddelightaswell.Itwarmsmysoulandremindsmeofwhataperfectworldwelivein.(當(dāng)它們飛來飛去時,看到他們可愛的小燈光,總是讓我的心充滿光明和喜悅。它溫暖了我的靈魂,提醒我,我們生活在一個多么完美的世界)”可知,作者看到螢火蟲時心情是愉快的,故選B項。4.推理判斷題。從文章最后一段第一句“Ithinkweallmightdobettertogrowthegentlerlightswithinourselves.(我想我們都可以做得更好,在我們自己的內(nèi)心種下更溫和的光)”,并結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Itwarmsmysoulandremindsmeofwhataperfectworldwelivein.(它溫暖了我的靈魂,提醒我,我們生活在一個多么完美的世界)”可知,作者接下來要介紹如何建設(shè)一個更柔和的社會,故選C項。Passage2(2025年江蘇省前黃中學(xué)高三試題)Istartedwalkingbackwardfornoapparentreason.Iwassimplywavinggoodbyetomydaughterswhenithitmetotakeafewstepsbackward.SinceI’dalreadystarted,IthoughtIcouldwalkallthewayhomethatway.Afterall,thecontradictionofmovingforwardbygoingbackwardseemedengagingandworthexploring.Thefirstproblemwaspractical.Snowisapainevenforregularwalking,somypacesloweddownconsiderably.Atthisdifferentpace,lifeitselffeltrushedincomparison.Howsillyitisthatwe’realwaysinsuchahurrytogetsomewhere.Forexample,Ioftenarriveatplaceslongaftermybodygetsthere.SometimesIreachmydaughters’school,butmymindisstillathome,wonderingwhetherIunpluggedmywife’shairdryer.Walkingbackward,however,forcedmetoadjustthepaceofmybodytomymind.Thenextthinghadtodowithvision.Inregularwalking,thepathaheadisalwaysvisible.Here,youuseothersenses:youhearthecarapproaching,yousensetheunevennessoftheground,andyounoticethechangeinthefirmnessofthesnow.Youactivateanentiresetofskillsweusuallydon’tusebecauseofourdependenceonsight.Thisway,thefamiliarpathIwalkedeverydaysuddenlyfeltlikeagrandadventure,adiscoveryIhadn’tanticipated.Becauseofmyaddictiontofoolishideas,Idecidedtocontinuemybackwardwalkingfortherestoftheday.AndIquicklyrealizedsomethingobvious:thepathIenjoyedmostwastheoneIhadalreadytravelled.Anditstruckmethatthiswastherightwaytolookatlife:movingtowardadestinationwithouteverforgettingwhereyou’vebeen,orhowfaryou’vecome.Lookingbackisalwaysgoodforself-value.There’snowaytolookatyesterdayandnotfeelbetter:fortheillnessthatdidn’tkillyou,orthehappychildhooddaysthatstillmakeyousmile.5.Whatinterestedtheauthorinthefirstparagraph?A.Findinganewroutebackhome.B.Engaginghimselfindeepthinking.C.Movingforwardinadifferentmanner.D.Seeinghisdaughtersoffeverymorning.6.Whatdidtheauthorrealizeonthewaybackhome?A.Weneedtostayfocusedatwork.B.Wedon’tneedtolivearushedlife.C.Weshouldspendmoretimewithfamily.D.Weshouldn’tcompareourselvestoothers.7.Howdidtheauthorovercomethevisionproblem?A.Hestudiedasetofnewskills. B.Hedependedonhismemory.C.Hefollowedhissenseofdirection. D.Hemadefulluseofothersenses.8.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtodeliverinthelastparagraph?A.Childhoodisthebestpartinlife. B.It’sinspiringtoreflectonthepast.C.It’simportanttofindyourself-value. D.Oneoughttolearntoforgivehimself.【答案】5.C6.B7.D8.B【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇敘議結(jié)合的文章。文章通過作者倒著走路的經(jīng)歷,探討了放慢生活節(jié)奏、依賴其他感官以及回顧過去的重要性。5.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的句子“Istartedwalkingbackwardfornoapparentreason.Iwassimplywavinggoodbyetomydaughterswhenithitmetotakeafewstepsbackward.SinceI’dalreadystarted,IthoughtIcouldwalkallthewayhomethatway.Afterall,thecontradictionofmovingforwardbygoingbackwardseemedengagingandworthexploring.(我毫無緣由地開始倒著行走。當(dāng)時正揮手向女兒們道別,突然心血來潮想后退幾步。既然已經(jīng)開了頭,我索性決定就這么倒著走回家。畢竟,這種通過后退實現(xiàn)前進的矛盾感既引人入勝又值得玩味。)”可知,作者對以一種不同的方式前進感興趣。故選C項。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Atthisdifferentpace,lifeitselffeltrushedincomparison.Howsillyitisthatwe’realwaysinsuchahurrytogetsomewhere.(在這個不同的速度下,生活本身相比之下顯得很匆忙。我們總是急于到達某個地方,這真是太傻了。)”可知,作者覺得人們總是急于到達某個地方太傻了,可得出作者意識到我們不需要過一種匆忙的生活。故選B項。7.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thenextthinghadtodowithvision.Inregularwalking,thepathaheadisalwaysvisible.Here,youuseothersenses:youhearthecarapproaching,yousensetheunevennessoftheground,andyounoticethechangeinthefirmnessofthesnow.(下一件事與視覺有關(guān)。在正常的行走中,前方的道路總是可見的。在這里,你使用其他感官:你聽到汽車靠近的聲音,你感覺到地面的不平整,你注意到雪的硬度的變化。)”可知,作者通過充分利用其他感官來克服視覺問題。故選D項。8.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的句子“AndIquicklyrealizedsomethingobvious:thepathIenjoyedmostwastheoneIhadalreadytravelled.Anditstruckmethatthiswastherightwaytolookatlife:movingtowardadestinationwithouteverforgettingwhereyou’vebeen,orhowfaryou’vecome.Lookingbackisalwaysgoodforself-value.There’snowaytolookatyesterdayandnotfeelbetter:fortheillnessthatdidn’tkillyou,orthehappychildhooddaysthatstillmakeyousmile.(我很快意識到一些顯而易見的事情:我最喜歡的道路是我已經(jīng)走過的那條。我突然意識到,這是看待生活的正確方式:朝著一個目的地前進,而不要忘記你去過哪里,也不要忘記你走了多遠?;仡櫩偸怯欣谧晕覂r值。當(dāng)你回顧昨天的時候,你會感覺好多了:因為那場沒有奪去你生命的疾病,或者那些仍然讓你微笑的快樂童年。)”可知,作者認(rèn)為回顧過去是很有啟發(fā)性的。故選B項。(2025新高考I卷)MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龍頭):boilingandfiltering(過濾)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”29.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Byquotinganexpert. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Byprovidingstatistics.30.Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?A.Thehardnessofwater. B.Thelengthofcoolingtime.C.Thefrequencyoffiltering. D.Thetypeofplasticinwater.31.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?A.Theimportanceofplasticrecycling. B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.C.Thedangerinoverusingpurewater. D.Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater.32.WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay’ssuggestionabout?A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods. B.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers. D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.【答案】29.C30.A31.B32.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了一項關(guān)于減少自來水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球,甚至進入人體。中國研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn),將自來水煮沸五分鐘并冷卻后過濾可能會顯著降低自來水中的微塑料含量。研究雖未涵蓋所有塑料類型和化學(xué)物質(zhì),但揭示了一種潛在解決方案。蘇格蘭環(huán)境工程師指出,該研究展示了煮沸法的有效性,并建議升級飲用水處理廠以推廣應(yīng)用?!?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中“MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.(微塑料已經(jīng)成為地球上常見的污染源——它們出現(xiàn)在在深海和喜馬拉雅山上,被困在火山巖中,填滿海鳥的胃,甚至落在南極的新雪中。它們甚至出現(xiàn)了在人類體內(nèi))”可推知,作者通過舉例提出微塑料污染的問題。故選C?!?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.(至關(guān)重要的是,這一過程依賴于含有足夠碳酸鈣的水來截留塑料。在這項研究中,將含有300毫克碳酸鈣的硬水煮沸后,塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸鈣含量低于60毫克的樣品中,煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量)”可知,決定在水中截留微塑料的有效性的是水的硬度。故選A?!?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydiffcult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.(盡管如此,研究結(jié)果顯示了減少微塑料接觸的潛在途徑——這一任務(wù)正變得越來越困難。今年早些時候,科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn),即使是瓶裝水,其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推斷,作者提到瓶裝水是為了說明微塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性。故選B?!?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中““Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmic

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