高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE12025屆甘肅省白銀市某中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬考試英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AAtthemiddleschoollevel,therearemanyacademicclubsinwhichstudentscanparticipate.Studentscanchooseclubsthatfocusonanareaofinterest.MathcountsClubMathcountstriestoincreaseexcitementtowardsmathematicsachievement.Ithopestoprovidestudentswiththefoundationforsuccessinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematicscareers.Schoolsselectindividualsandteamstoparticipateincompetitions.LocalcompetitionsareheldinFebruarywithwinnersprogressingtostatecompetitionsandthenontothenationallevel.Mathcountsworkstochallengestudentmathskills,developself-confidenceandgiverewardsfortheirachievements.EnvirothonTheEnvirothonprogramfocusesonnaturalresourcesknowledgeandexposesstudentstodiverseenvironmentalissues,ecosystems,andtopography.Theecologyfieldcompetitionforfive-membermiddleschoolteamsofferscompetitionsinwildlife,soils,forestry,currentenvironmentalissuesandaquatics.Studentsworkandlearninmiddleschoolclubsandcancompeteatthelocalandstatelevel.FutureProblemSolversFutureProblemSolversisanacademicclubthatusesasix-stepprocesstosolveproblemsthatmayhappeninthefuture.Studentswhoareinthetalentedandgiftedprogram,wholiketo“thinkoutofthebox,”orwhoenjoythinkingaboutfuturisticproblemsmaylikethisclub.Teamscomprisedoffourstudentsreadfuturescenesandwriteupsolutionsinabookletusingthesix-stepprocess.Teamsthatscorehighenoughcangotothestatecompetitionandthentotheinternationalcompetition.BuildersClubBuildersClubisopentoanymiddleschoolstudentwhowishestoperformcommunityservice.EachBuildersClubisco-sponsoredbyaKiwanisclubandthemiddleschool.Thememberslearnbydoing,andtheylearnorganization,teamwork,andleadership.BuildersClubscansponsora“TeacheroftheYear”program,providearecyclingcollectionpoint,organizecannedfoodandclothingdrivestosupportlocalshelters,adoptaresidentatalocalseniorcitizenshome,adoptahighway,tutor,etc.Middleschoolacademicclubsofferstudentsaplacetoexploreinterestsortalents.Theclubstheyjoininmiddleschoolcanhelpguidechoicesinhighschoolandbeyond.1.WhydosomestudentschooseMathcountsClub?A.Toenjoyingsolvingfutureproblems. B.Tobesuccessfulinsciencecareers.C.Tostudyenvironmentalissues. D.Toperformcommunityservice.2.WhatcanweknowabouttheBuildersClub?A.Itismainlysponsoredbythemiddleschool.B.Itonlyacceptsstudentswithexcellentacademicperformance.C.Itsmemberscangainskillsinorganization,teamworkandleadership.D.Itsmembersmainlylearntheoreticalknowledgeaboutcommunityservice.3.Whatisthecommonfeatureofthefourclubs?A.Leadership. B.Problem-solving.C.Teamwork. D.Creativity.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要講述了在初中階段，學(xué)生可以參加的幾個(gè)俱樂部及其特點(diǎn)和活動(dòng)內(nèi)容?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MathcountsClub部分中“Mathcountstriestoincreaseexcitementtowardsmathematicsachievement.Ithopestoprovidestudentswiththefoundationforsuccessinscience,technology,engineeringandmathematicscareers.(Mathcounts試圖提高學(xué)生對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)成就的熱情。它希望為學(xué)生在科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程和數(shù)學(xué)職業(yè)上的成功奠定基礎(chǔ)。)”可知，一些學(xué)生選擇Mathcounts俱樂部是因?yàn)樗麄兿Ｍ诳茖W(xué)職業(yè)上取得成功。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BuildersClub部分中“Thememberslearnbydoing,andtheylearnorganization,teamwork,andleadership.(成員們通過實(shí)踐來學(xué)習(xí)，他們學(xué)習(xí)組織、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。)”可知，BuildersClub的成員可以獲得組織、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力方面的技能。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MathcountsClub部分中“Schoolsselectindividualsandteamstoparticipateincompetitions.(學(xué)校選擇個(gè)人和團(tuán)隊(duì)參加比賽。)”；Envirothon部分中“Theecologyfieldcompetitionforfive-membermiddleschoolteamsofferscompetitionsinwildlife,soils,forestry,currentenvironmentalissuesandaquatics.(針對(duì)五人制中學(xué)團(tuán)隊(duì)的生態(tài)領(lǐng)域競(jìng)賽提供了野生動(dòng)物、土壤、林業(yè)、當(dāng)前環(huán)境問題和水生生物方面的競(jìng)賽。)”；FutureProblemSolvers部分中“Teamscomprisedoffourstudentsreadfuturescenesandwriteupsolutionsinabookletusingthesix-stepprocess.(由四名學(xué)生組成的團(tuán)隊(duì)閱讀未來場(chǎng)景，并使用六步過程在小冊(cè)子中寫出解決方案。)”以及BuildersClub部分中“Thememberslearnbydoing,andtheylearnorganization,teamwork,andleadership.(成員們通過實(shí)踐來學(xué)習(xí)，他們學(xué)習(xí)組織、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力。)”可知，這四個(gè)俱樂部的共同特點(diǎn)是都需要團(tuán)隊(duì)合作。故選C。BIhavebeenstudyingtheFrenchlanguageforthreeyears.Thisfieldofstudyhasbeenthehardestbutmostpreciousofmylife.IwouldputitabovethestudyofwritingsimplybecauseIstartedwritingasa6-year-oldboyundermymother'sguidance.Ialways"felt"Icouldwrite.Ididnotalways"feel"Icouldstudyaforeignlanguageeffectively.ButhereIam,rightnow,inaFrenchhotel.IspokeFrenchattheborder,whenIcheckedinandwhenIwenttogetlunch.Ifailtospeakwithfluency.Imishearwords.Ican'treallyusecomplicatedgrammar.Butmywordsareperfectlyunderstandableandservetheirpurpose.Ifeel,asIalwaysdo,likeIamlostinthedark,butwitheachmisstep,Ifindmywaymoreclearly.Ididn'tfeelitwhenreadingFrenchnovels;Ididn'tfeelitatschool.IjustfeltitwhenIfirstarrivedParis.I'memphasizingfeelingsbecause,whenstudying,theyareasimportantasanyreality.Thefearofmakingmistakesfeedsthehopelessandmakeslearnersquit.Itisnotthestudyoflanguagethatishard.Itisthefeelingsofwhoyouareatthepresentlevelandpessimisticbeliefofwhoyouwillalwaysbethatmakeithard.Thetransformationtoturnstrugglesintogrowthiswhattrulymakeslearningalife-changingjourney.Maybeoneday,someonewillsaysomethingtomethatIdonotunderstand,andinthatmoment.Imayfeelabitdiscouraged.Butnow,Ifeelasenseofbeinghigh.Thesemomentsofconfidenceandmotivationareprecious,fortheyremindmeofhowfarI'vecome.Theyarenotthenorm（常態(tài)），though.Thetruthis,thelowsarewhatIencountermoreoften.Theyarepartofthelearningprocess,partofthetransformationthatshapesusintobetterversionsofourselves.Andyet,itisthroughtheselowsthatIamconstantlylearningandgrowing.4.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutmakingmistakesinFrench?A.Awkward. B.Hopeless. C.Competent. D.Rewarding.5.Accordingtotheauthor,whatistherealchallengeinlearningalanguage?A.Masteringcomplicatedgrammar. B.Overcomingthefearofmakingmistakes.C.Findingenoughtimetostudy. D.Understandingnativespeakers.6.Whydoestheauthoremphasizefeelings?A.TohighlighthisstrugglesinlearningFrench.B.Toshowthatpositivethinkingcandrivegrowth.C.Toillustratethatpeopleshouldfollowtheirhearts.D.Toclarifyhisexperienceinmindsettransformation.7.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Thelowsarealwaysfollowedbyhighs. B.Feelingconfidentshouldbemadeanorm.C.Strugglesareanessentialpartoflearning. D.Theupsaretherealtimeswhenlearningoccurs.【答案】4.D5.B6.B7.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。作者通過介紹自己學(xué)法語的經(jīng)歷論述了學(xué)習(xí)過程中的掙扎、錯(cuò)誤以及與成長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系。這些經(jīng)歷對(duì)個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)成長(zhǎng)很關(guān)鍵?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“IspokeFrenchattheborder,whenIcheckedinandwhenIwenttogetlunch.Ifailtospeakwithfluency.Imishearwords.Ican'treallyusecomplicatedgrammar.Butmywordsareperfectlyunderstandableandservetheirpurpose.Ifeel,asIalwaysdo,likeIamlostinthedark,butwitheachmisstep,Ifindmywaymoreclearly.(在邊境，我用法語進(jìn)行了登記入住，吃午飯的時(shí)候也說了法語。但我表達(dá)起來并不流利，有時(shí)會(huì)聽錯(cuò)單詞，也不能很好地運(yùn)用復(fù)雜的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。不過我的話語內(nèi)容清晰易懂，也能達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果。我感覺就像往常一樣，自己仿佛置身于黑暗之中，但每走錯(cuò)一步，我的方向就會(huì)更加清晰起來)”可知，作者認(rèn)為在法語上犯錯(cuò)能讓自己更清楚前進(jìn)方向，所以對(duì)犯錯(cuò)持積極態(tài)度。D項(xiàng)表示“值得的”，與推斷相吻合。故選D項(xiàng)。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Itisnotthestudyoflanguagethatishard.Itisthefeelingsofwhoyouareatthepresentlevelandpessimisticbeliefofwhoyouwillalwaysbethatmakeithard.(學(xué)習(xí)語言本身并不難。難的是你當(dāng)下所處狀態(tài)下的自我認(rèn)知，以及那種對(duì)自身永遠(yuǎn)無法改變的悲觀看法，這些造成了學(xué)習(xí)的困難)”可知，作者認(rèn)為真正的挑戰(zhàn)不是語言本身，而是對(duì)犯錯(cuò)的恐懼和對(duì)自我能力的悲觀信念。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“I'memphasizingfeelingsbecause,whenstudying,theyareasimportantasanyreality.

Thefearofmakingmistakesfeedsthehopelessandmakeslearnersquit.Itisnotthestudyoflanguagethatishard.Itisthefeelingsofwhoyouareatthepresentlevelandpessimisticbeliefofwhoyouwillalwaysbethatmakeithard.Thetransformationtoturnstrugglesintogrowthiswhattrulymakeslearningalife-changingjourney.(我之所以強(qiáng)調(diào)情感，是因?yàn)樵趯W(xué)習(xí)過程中情感與任何現(xiàn)實(shí)因素一樣重要。對(duì)犯錯(cuò)誤的恐懼滋養(yǎng)了絕望，使學(xué)習(xí)者放棄。學(xué)習(xí)語言本身并不難。難的是你當(dāng)下所處狀態(tài)下的自我認(rèn)知，以及那種對(duì)自身永遠(yuǎn)無法改變的悲觀看法，這些造成了學(xué)習(xí)的困難。將掙扎轉(zhuǎn)化為成長(zhǎng)的過程，才是真正能讓學(xué)習(xí)成為改變?nèi)松穆贸?”可知，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)情感是因?yàn)樗苤匾?，將掙扎轉(zhuǎn)化為成長(zhǎng)，是正向積極的情感，促使學(xué)習(xí)變成改變?nèi)松穆贸?。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)末段中的“Thetruthis,thelowsarewhatIencountermoreoften.Theyarepartofthelearningprocess,partofthetransformationthatshapesusintobetterversionsofourselves.Andyet,itisthroughtheselowsthatIamconstantlylearningandgrowing.(事實(shí)是，低谷是我更常遇到的。它們是學(xué)習(xí)過程的一部分，是塑造我們成為更好自己的轉(zhuǎn)變的一部分。然而，正是通過這些低谷，我一直在學(xué)習(xí)和成長(zhǎng))”可推斷，作者認(rèn)為低谷是學(xué)習(xí)過程中的重要部分。C項(xiàng)表示“掙扎是學(xué)習(xí)過程中不可或缺的一部分”是對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故選C項(xiàng)。CBeforejoiningWashingtonD.C.-basedDistrictRunningCollective,FallonJoneswasn’tarunner.“WeweredoingCrossFitthen—there’sthisgroupofpeoplewhorunupthestreet.”saysJones.Shewasattractedafterherfirstrunwiththegroupthefollowingweek.“Iwasintheslowerpacegroup,buteverybodywasthereattheendtocheermeon.”sheadds.Thefirstknownrunningclub,theThamesHareandHounds,wasestablishedin1868inLondon,promotingthesportasasocialactivity.Overthedecades,runningclubshavespreadacrossEuropeandNorthAmerica,initiallyattractingcompetitiverunnersbutgraduallyappealingtoabroaderaudienceseekingsupport,motivationandfriendship.Inrecentyears,onlineplatformshaveallowedrunnerstoconnect,makingrunningmoreaccessibleandinclusive.Nowadays,conversationalrunningisbecomingatrend.Conversationalrunning,whichreferstomaintainingapaceatwhichyoucancomfortablyspeakasyoumove,isoftenassociatedwithZone2training,whichinvolvesanintensityof60-70percentofyourmaximumheartrate.KristenHislop,acertifiedrunningcoach,sayspeopleoftenstruggletoachievethispacethoughitdoesn’tfeellikean“arduous”workout;it’softenmuchslowerthanyou’danticipate.“Butwhileitisn’tespeciallychallenging,doinglow-intensityexerciseregularlycanbuildendurance(耐力)soyou’llbeabletogolongerandfurther,”saysHislop.“You’realsogoingtorecoverfasterandreduceyourriskofinjuries.”Conversationalrunningisalsogoodforyourrelationships.“Ifyou’renearsomebodybutnotnecessarilyfacingthemeyetoeye,youmightbemorewillingtoexpressyourselforyoumightjustfeelalittlebitlessshy,”saysRachelGoldberg,alicensedfamilytherapistwhoincorporateswalk-and-talksessionsintoherpractice.Thiscanleadtodeeperconversationsandstrongerconnections.Despitethebenefitsofrunningwithothers,findingtherightrunclubtofityourneedsiscrucial.Jonesknewherclubwastherightfitafterherfirstouting.“Theydidareallygoodjobinexplainingthedifferentpacegroups,”shesays.“Assomeonewho’sapproaching40,ithasbeenablessingtofindfriendsofallageshereatthisstageinlife.”8.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.Thepopularityofrunningclubs. B.Theoriginofconversationalrunning.C.Thedevelopmentofrunningclubs. D.Theadvancesinfitnesstechnologies.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“arduous”inparagraph3mean?A.Exceptional. B.Annual. C.Rewarding. D.Tough.10.WhatdoesRachelGoldbergsayaboutconversationalrunning?A.Itisahigh-intensityexercise. B.Itmakespeoplewillingtoopenup.C.Itfreespeopleofworkstress. D.Itenhancespeople’smentalclarity.11.WhatattractsJonesbestaboutDistrictRunningCollective?A.Itscapabilitytogroup. B.Itsaccesstolocalcultures.C.Itspromisingfuture. D.Itsobvioushealthbenefits.【答案】8.C9.D10.B11.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過FallonJones的經(jīng)歷，介紹了她從非跑步者到加入跑步俱樂部的轉(zhuǎn)變，以及跑步俱樂部如何吸引不同人群、促進(jìn)社交和提供心理和身體上的益處?！?題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容，特別是首句“Thefirstknownrunningclub,theThamesHareandHounds,wasestablishedin1868inLondon,promotingthesportasasocialactivity.(第一個(gè)為人所知的跑步俱樂部，泰晤士獵兔犬俱樂部，成立于1868年的倫敦，將這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)推廣為一種社交活動(dòng))”可知，本段主要講述了跑步俱樂部的發(fā)展歷程，從最初的倫敦俱樂部到現(xiàn)在在歐洲和北美的廣泛傳播。C選項(xiàng)“Thedevelopmentofrunningclubs.(跑步俱樂部的發(fā)展)”符合題意。故選C。【9題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“peopleoftenstruggletoachievethispacethoughitdoesn’tfeellikean‘a(chǎn)rduous’workout;it’softenmuchslowerthanyou’danticipate.(人們很難達(dá)到這種速度，盡管它感覺起來并不像是“arduous”的鍛煉；它通常比你預(yù)期的要慢得多)”可知，此處構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系，即雖然這種速度感覺起來并不艱難，但人們還是很難達(dá)到，由此它通常比預(yù)期要慢得多。因此劃線詞與D選項(xiàng)“Tough.(艱難的)”為同義詞。故選D。【10題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中的“Conversationalrunningisalsogoodforyourrelationships.‘Ifyou’renearsomebodybutnotnecessarilyfacingthemeyetoeye,youmightbemorewillingtoexpressyourselforyoumightjustfeelalittlebitlessshy,’saysRachelGoldberg,alicensedfamilytherapistwhoincorporateswalk-and-talksessionsintoherpractice.(邊跑邊聊對(duì)你的關(guān)系也有好處?！叭绻汶x某人很近，但不必與他們面對(duì)面，你可能會(huì)更愿意表達(dá)自己，或者你可能會(huì)覺得不那么害羞，”獲得執(zhí)照的家庭治療師RachelGoldberg說，她會(huì)將邊走邊談的環(huán)節(jié)融入她的實(shí)踐中)”可知，RachelGoldberg認(rèn)為邊跑邊聊可以讓人們更愿意表達(dá)自己，減少害羞感。故選B。【11題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“Jonesknewherclubwastherightfitafterherfirstouting.‘Theydidareallygoodjobinexplainingthedifferentpacegroups,’shesays.(Jones在第一次外出后就知道她的俱樂部很適合她?！八麄?cè)诮忉尣煌乃俣冉M別方面做得很好，”她說。)”可知，Jones認(rèn)為這個(gè)跑步俱樂部最好的地方是它能夠根據(jù)速度進(jìn)行分組，讓她找到了適合自己的群體。故選A。DManyconceptsthatarecentraltothehumanexperienceareabstract,suchasrelationships,ideas,andtime—thingswecan’tdirectlyseeortouch.Wecommonlyuseconcretelanguagetotalkandthinkaboutthesethings,oftenthroughmetaphors.Usingmetaphorsisfarmorethanapoeticdeviceoffactualstatements.AstudyconductedatPurchaseCollegefoundthatmetaphorscanframepeople’sperspectives,thusshapingtheirreasoningandsubsequentactions.Forexample,describingtheefforttostopclimatechangeasa“war”ratherthana“race”causedpeopletofeelmoreurgencyaboutreducingemissions.Anotherexampleisthelightbulbmetaphorcommonlyusedtodescribenewideas,suggestingthatnewthoughtsappearsuddenlylikealightswitchbeingturnedon.However,thismetaphorimpliesthatnewideascomeeffortlesslyandareaccessibleonlytoaselectfewgeniuses,suchasIsaacNewton,whosupposedlydevelopedhistheoryofgravityfromasuddeninsightaboutafallingapple.Itmayleadpeopletoquestiontheircapabilitytogeneratenewideas,andasabehavioralconsequence,peoplemayunderestimatetheroleofhardworkandcontinuouslearninginbringingaboutchange.Analternativewaytodescribeideasisbycomparingnewthoughtstoseedsthatfallonfertilegroundandifcaredfor,willgrowanddevelopovertime.Differentfromthelightbulbmetaphor,theseedmetaphorimpliesanunderstandingthatgeneratingnewideasisalaboriousprocess,whichrequirestimeandeffort.Italsosuggeststhatanybodycanbethecultivatorofideasaslongastheyputtheirmindtoit.Thesubtleeffectsofmetaphorsshowhowpowerfullanguagecanbe,eventhoughweoftendon’trealizeit.Who’dhavethoughtasimpleuseofalightbulbmetaphorcouldprofoundlyaffecthowweunderstandtheconceptofinnovation?Giventhenatureofourmetaphoricalminds,itisworthasking:areourmetaphorssuitable?Weoweittoourselvesandotherstousemetaphorsappropriately.Thesechoices,consciousornot,canbeconstructiveordestructive.12.Whatdoesthestudyfindaboutmetaphors?A.Theyhelpclarifyabstractconcepts. B.Theymaycausesomemisunderstanding.C.Theymakelanguagemorepoeticandvivid. D.Theycaninfluencepeople’smindsandbehavior.13.Whyistheexampleof“l(fā)ightbulbmetaphor”quotedinparagraph3?A.Toraisesomedoubtaboutmetaphors. B.Tohighlightimproperuseofmetaphors.C.Toillustratepoeticfunctionsofmetaphors. D.Todemonstratetheinfluenceofmetaphors.14.Howdoesthe“seedmetaphor”differfromthe“l(fā)ightbulbmetaphor”?A.Itsuggestsconsistenteffortsofindividuals. B.Itattachesgreatsignificancetonaturaltalent.C.Itarousespeople’sawarenessoftheircreativity. D.Itsimplifiestheprocessofgeneratingnewideas.15.Whatisauthor’sattitudetowardstheuseofmetaphors?A.Doubtful. B.Positive. C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous.【答案】12.D13.D14.A15.C【語篇解讀】本文屬于說明文。主要通過舉例和分析來探討隱喻在語言和思維中的作用，以及不同隱喻如何影響人們的理解和行為。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“AstudyconductedatPurchaseCollegefoundthatmetaphorscanframepeople’sperspectives,thusshapingtheirreasoningandsubsequentactions.(Purchase學(xué)院進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，隱喻可以塑造人們的視角，進(jìn)而影響他們的推理和后續(xù)行為。)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)隱喻能夠影響人們的思維和行為。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Anotherexampleisthelightbulbmetaphorcommonlyusedtodescribenewideas,suggestingthatnewthoughtsappearsuddenlylikealightswitchbeingturnedon.However,thismetaphorimpliesthatnewideascomeeffortlesslyandareaccessibleonlytoaselectfewgeniuses…Itmayleadpeopletoquestiontheircapabilitytogeneratenewideas,andasabehavioralconsequence,peoplemayunderestimatetheroleofhardworkandcontinuouslearninginbringingaboutchange.(另一個(gè)例子是常用于描述新想法的燈泡隱喻，暗示新想法像打開電燈開關(guān)一樣突然出現(xiàn)。然而，這個(gè)隱喻暗示新想法來得不費(fèi)吹灰之力，只有少數(shù)天才才能擁有……這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們質(zhì)疑自己產(chǎn)生新想法的能力，并因此低估努力工作和持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)在帶來變化中的作用。)”可知，引用燈泡隱喻這個(gè)例子是為了說明隱喻如何影響人們對(duì)新想法產(chǎn)生過程的理解，即證明隱喻的影響力。故選D?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Differentfromthelightbulbmetaphor,theseedmetaphorimpliesanunderstandingthatgeneratingnewideasisalaboriousprocess,whichrequirestimeandeffort.Italsosuggeststhatanybodycanbethecultivatorofideasaslongastheyputtheirmindtoit.(與燈泡隱喻不同，種子隱喻暗示了一種理解，即產(chǎn)生新想法是一個(gè)需要時(shí)間和努力的艱苦過程。它還表明，只要用心，任何人都可以成為思想的培育者。)”可知，種子隱喻與燈泡隱喻不同之處在于它暗示個(gè)人需要持續(xù)的努力。故選A。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thesubtleeffectsofmetaphorsshowhowpowerfullanguagecanbe,eventhoughweoftendon’trealizeit.Who’dhavethoughtasimpleuseofalightbulbmetaphorcouldprofoundlyaffecthowweunderstandtheconceptofinnovation?Giventhenatureofourmetaphoricalminds,itisworthasking:areourmetaphorssuitable?Weoweittoourselvesandotherstousemetaphorsappropriately.Thesechoices,consciousornot,canbeconstructiveordestructive.(隱喻的微妙影響顯示了語言的強(qiáng)大力量，盡管我們常常沒有意識(shí)到這一點(diǎn)。誰會(huì)想到一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的燈泡隱喻會(huì)深刻地影響我們對(duì)創(chuàng)新概念的理解？鑒于我們思維的隱喻性，值得一問的是：我們的隱喻是否合適？我們有責(zé)任對(duì)自己和他人適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂秒[喻。這些選擇，無論是有意識(shí)還是無意識(shí)的，都可能是建設(shè)性的或破壞性的。)”可知，作者對(duì)隱喻的使用持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度，認(rèn)為應(yīng)該恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂秒[喻，因?yàn)闊o論是有意識(shí)還是無意識(shí)的，英語都可能是建設(shè)性的或破壞性的。故選C。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Withthewidespreaduseofcomputers,increasingstudentstypewithagreater-than-everrelianceonthemtotakenotesandwritepapers.____16____Someparentsofyoungerstudentsaredismayedthattheirchildrenarenotjustencouragedbutrequiredtotakelaptopstoclass.Additionally,universityprofessorscomplainoframpant(泛濫的)distractioninclassrooms,withstudentsreadingandmessaginginsteadoflisteningtolectures.Alineofresearchshowsthebenefitsofan“innovation”thatpredatescomputershandwriting.Especially,studieshavefoundthatwritingonpapercanbetterstudents’performance.____17____Forlearningmaterialsbynote(死記硬背),fromtheshapesofletterstotheirregularityofEnglishspelling,thebenefitsofusingapenorpencillieinhowthemotorandsensorymemoryofputtingwordsonpaperreinforcesthatmaterial.____18____Inastudyfrom2014byPamMuellerandDannyOppenheimer,studentstypingwrotedownalmosttwiceasmanywordsandmorepassageswordforwordfromlectures.Itsuggestedtheydidn’tunderstandsomuchasrapidlycopyingthematerial.However,handwriting—whichtakeslongerfornearlyalluniversity-levelstudents—forcesnote-takerstotransformideasintotheirownwords.____19____Thosetakingnotesbyhandalsoallowsstudentstoperformbetterontestswhentheyarelaterabletostudyfromtheirnotes.Manystudieshaveconfirmedhandwriting’sbenefits,andpolicymakershavetakennote.Forinstance,abouthalfthestatesinAmericahaverequiredmoreteachingofhandwriting.____20____Althoughnearlyallwilleventuallyneedtypingskills,inanageoftyping,handwritingstillmatters.A.Studieshavefoundthathandwritingcanbenefitalot.B.Thisaidsconceptualunderstandingatthemomentofwriting.C.Buttodayadifferentdebateisragingaboutthedangersoftyping.D.InSwedenthereisapushformorehandwritingbooksandfewerdevices.E.However,severalschoolsinAmericahavegonesofartobanmostlaptops.F.Ithelpsstudentsrecallarandomseriesofwordsandgraspcomplicatedconceptsbetter.G.Oneofthebest-demonstratedadvantagesofhandwritingseemstobeinsuperiornote-taking.【答案】16.C17.F18.G19.B20.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了在計(jì)算機(jī)廣泛使用的背景下，手寫相較于打字在學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)方面具有顯著優(yōu)勢(shì)，且政策制定者已關(guān)注到這一點(diǎn)。【16題詳析】由上文“Withthewidespreaduseofcomputers,increasingstudentstypewithagreater-than-everrelianceonthemtotakenotesandwritepapers.(隨著計(jì)算機(jī)的廣泛使用，越來越多的學(xué)生依賴計(jì)算機(jī)打字來記筆記和寫論文，其依賴程度超過了以往任何時(shí)候。)”以及下文“Someparentsofyoungerstudentsaredismayedthattheirchildrenarenotjustencouragedbutrequiredtotakelaptopstoclass.Additionally,universityprofessorscomplainoframpant(泛濫的)distractioninclassrooms,withstudentsreadingandmessaginginsteadoflisteningtolectures.(一些低年級(jí)學(xué)生的家長(zhǎng)感到沮喪的是，他們的孩子不僅被鼓勵(lì)，而且被要求帶筆記本電腦上課。此外，大學(xué)教授抱怨課堂上學(xué)生注意力嚴(yán)重分散，學(xué)生們忙著閱讀和發(fā)信息，而不是聽講座。)”可知，本空應(yīng)與計(jì)算機(jī)使用的爭(zhēng)議相關(guān)，強(qiáng)調(diào)打字帶來的問題。C選項(xiàng)“Buttodayadifferentdebateisragingaboutthedangersoftyping.(但如今，一場(chǎng)關(guān)于打字危害的不同爭(zhēng)論正在激烈進(jìn)行。)”能承上啟下，符合題意。故選C?！?7題詳析】由上文“Especially,studieshavefoundthatwritingonpapercanbetterstudents’performance.(特別是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在紙上書寫可以提高學(xué)生的表現(xiàn)。)”可知，本空應(yīng)具體說明手寫如何提高學(xué)生表現(xiàn)，F(xiàn)選項(xiàng)“Ithelpsstudentsrecallarandomseriesofwordsandgraspcomplicatedconceptsbetter.(它幫助學(xué)生回憶任意一系列的單詞，并更好地掌握復(fù)雜的概念。)”具體闡述了手寫對(duì)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)方面的益處，能承接上文，符合題意。故選F。【18題詳析】由下文“Inastudyfrom2014byPamMuellerandDannyOppenheimer,studentstypingwrotedownalmosttwiceasmanywordsandmorepassageswordforwordfromlectures.Itsuggestedtheydidn’tunderstandsomuchasrapidlycopyingthematerial.However,handwriting—whichtakeslongerfornearlyalluniversity-levelstudents—forcesnote-takerstotransformideasintotheirownwords.(在PamMueller和DannyOppenheimer2014年的一項(xiàng)研究中，打字的學(xué)生記下的單詞幾乎是用筆記錄的學(xué)生的兩倍，而且更多講座內(nèi)容是逐字記錄的。這表明他們并沒有理解，只是在快速抄寫材料。然而，對(duì)于幾乎所有大學(xué)生來說，手寫需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，這迫使記筆記的人將想法轉(zhuǎn)化為自己的語言。)”可知，本段主要圍繞手寫在記筆記方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)展開，G選項(xiàng)“Oneofthebest-demonstratedadvantagesofhandwritingseemstobeinsuperiornote-taking.(手寫最明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)之一似乎在于記筆記更出色。)”能夠概括本段主旨，符合題意。故選G?！?9題詳析】由上文“However,handwriting—whichtakeslongerfornearlyalluniversity-levelstudents—forcesnote-takerstotransformideasintotheirownwords.(然而，對(duì)于幾乎所有大學(xué)生來說，手寫需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間，這迫使記筆記的人將想法轉(zhuǎn)化為自己的語言。)”可知，本空應(yīng)進(jìn)一步說明手寫迫使記筆記者將想法轉(zhuǎn)化為自己語言所帶來的好處，B選項(xiàng)“Thisaidsconceptualunderstandingatthemomentofwriting.(這有助于在書寫時(shí)進(jìn)行概念理解。)”說明了手寫帶來的好處，能承接上文，符合題意。故選B?！?0題詳析】由上文“Manystudieshaveconfirmedhandwriting’sbenefits,andpolicymakershavetakennote.Forinstance,abouthalfthestatesinAmericahaverequiredmoreteachingofhandwriting.(許多研究已經(jīng)證實(shí)了手寫的好處，政策制定者也注意到了這一點(diǎn)。例如，美國(guó)大約一半的州要求加強(qiáng)手寫教學(xué)。)”可知，本空應(yīng)舉例說明其他國(guó)家在政策方面對(duì)手寫的重視，D選項(xiàng)“InSwedenthereisapushformorehandwritingbooksandfewerdevices.(在瑞典，人們呼吁增加手寫書籍，減少電子設(shè)備的使用。)”進(jìn)一步說明了政策制定者對(duì)手寫的關(guān)注，能承接上文，符合題意，故選D。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Sixyearsasaspacereportertaughtmethatchaosruleseverything.Nothingiscompletelypredictableorcontrolled.Ihavewatchedenoughgowrongtoknowthatnoviewofacelestial(天空的)eventisevertrulypromisedtous____21____ontheEarth.SowhenmymotherandIdecidedtodriveouttoErie,Pennsylvania,toseetheApril8totalsolareclipse(日全食)thisyear,Iknewthiswouldbeatripoftwo____22____attitudes.I’dbe____23____abouttheweatherandconvincedwe’dbevictimsoftherandomnessthatgovernstheworldwhilemymomwouldhavestrongfaiththatorderwould____24____andtheskieswouldletusglimpseaneclipselikethisforthefirsttimeinourlives.Itoldhernotto____25____theuniverseforthisone;shetoldmeshewouldn’tdependonanythingelse.Iwasonceagainhumbledintoa____26____I’velearnedtimeandtimeagain—Mamaknowsbest.Erie’sforecastthatmorningwaslooking____27____,butbythetimefirstcontactbetweenthesunandthemoonbeganalittleafter2p.m.,thecloudsoverthecity’sbaybegantoclear.Thepaleyellowsunundertheeclipselensesrapidlycrested(達(dá)到頂峰),concentratingintoa____28____orangeglow.Theeclipse____29____at3:16p.m.Athinwhiteglowpiercedoutfromtheedgeofacleanblackcircle.Thesunset-like_____30_____glowedandbloomedinthedistance.Icouldspotsolarprominences(日珥)stickingoutfromthesidesofthesun_____31_____slightlybrightredandpink.JupiterandVenusalsoplayedrolesinthisperformance.Itfeltlikebearing_____32_____tosomethingclosetoamiracle.Fourminuteslater,theeclipse_____33_____.Thesunbrightenedagain.Andtheclouds_____34_____violently,swallowingupthemoonandthesunandtheskyingray.Butforfourincredibleminutes,theuniverseseemstohave_____35_____apromisetomymother.21.A.analysts B.investigators C.astronauts D.observers22.A.consistent B.amusing C.conflicting D.agreeable23.A.pessimistic B.confused C.optimistic D.curious24.A.lose B.delay C.fail D.win25.A.feedon B.takeon C.settleon D.counton26.A.plan B.lesson C.practice D.skill27.A.usual B.terrible C.average D.beautiful28.A.dull B.faint C.weak D.fierce29.A.disappeared B.struck C.died D.exploded30.A.colors B.shapes C.circuits D.scenes31.A.on B.in C.with D.for32.A.witness B.tolerance C.relation D.reference33.A.continued B.progressed C.ended D.ticked34.A.returned B.quit C.left D.faded35.A.lostfocuson B.madegoodon C.tookaccountof D.kepttrackof【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.D25.D26.B27.B28.D29.B30.A31.B32.A33.C34.A35.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者作為一名太空記者，經(jīng)歷過無數(shù)次突發(fā)狀況，因此對(duì)這次日食之旅持悲觀態(tài)度，認(rèn)為他們可能會(huì)錯(cuò)過觀測(cè)機(jī)會(huì)。而作者的母親則充滿信心，相信他們一定能看到日食。作者勸母親不要對(duì)宇宙抱有太多期望，而母親則表示她不會(huì)相信其他任何可能性。最終，作者再次被卷入了一個(gè)他早已熟悉的教訓(xùn)，那就是媽媽永遠(yuǎn)是對(duì)的。【21題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我目睹了太多的錯(cuò)誤，這讓我知道，我們地球上的觀測(cè)者從來沒有真正看到過預(yù)測(cè)的任何天體事件。A.analysts分析師；B.investigators調(diào)查人員；C.astronauts宇航員；D.observers觀察員。根據(jù)上文“Sixyearsasaspacereportertaughtme”可知，作者的工作就是觀察太空。故選D項(xiàng)。【22題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，當(dāng)我和母親決定今年開車去賓夕法尼亞州的伊利看4月8日的日全食時(shí)，我知道這將是一次充滿兩種矛盾態(tài)度的旅行。A.consistent一致的；B.amusing有趣的；C.conflicting沖突的；D.agreeable令人愉快的；同意的。根據(jù)下文“I’dbe____abouttheweatherandconvincedwe’dbevictimsoftherandomnessthatgovernstheworldwhilemymomwouldhavestrongfaiththatorderwould__andtheskieswouldletusglimpseaneclipselikethisforthefirsttimeinourlives.”可知，作者很悲觀，與母親的信心是沖突的。故選C項(xiàng)。【23題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我會(huì)對(duì)天氣感到悲觀，相信我們會(huì)成為支配世界的隨機(jī)性的受害者，而我媽媽則堅(jiān)信秩序會(huì)獲勝，天空會(huì)讓我們平生第一次看到這樣的日食。A.pessimistic悲觀的；B.confused困惑的；C.optimistic樂觀的；D.curious好奇的。根據(jù)第一段中“