外語教學與研究出版社江南大學CONTENTS1Reading3Sharingyourideas2BuildingyourlanguageUNIT4StructureTextreadingTextunderstandingReadingUNIT4ReadingWhatcandigitaltechnologydoforpeoplelivinginpoverty?HowdoesithelpsolvetheproblemsthatAfricansarefacedwith?Readthetextandcompletethediagram.UNIT41Mainidea(Paras.1-2)Digitaltechnologycanrevolutionizeagricultureand1)________________________________forpeoplelivinginpoverty.(fundamentally)reorganizelifeStructureStructureReadingUNIT4ProblemsthatAfricansarenowfacedwith(Paras.3-6)?HundredsofmillionsofAfricansrelyon2)___________foraliving,buttheydon’tgrowmuch.?Africahasto3)__________annuallybillionsofdollarsoffoodproducts.?Themainproblemisthatthe4)_______________________________________________betweenmarketsandsmallholdersleadstodisorganizedproduction.?Arelatedproblemis5)______________________,forexample,thelackoftherailsandroadsthatconnectfarmersandmarkets.farmingimportineffectivecommunication/informationdisconnectaphysicaldisconnectStructureReadingUNIT4Solutionstheauthorsuggests(Paras.7-9)Digitaltechnologycanlinkthe6)______________________sectorsandmakepossiblethetwo-wayconversationbetweenAfrica’sproducersandconsumers.?

Withdigitaltechnology,asmallholderfarmercan:?easilydiscovertheproducewithahigh7)_________;?contactalocalcooperativeandsatisfythebuyers’8)_____________________;?growcropsinanorganizedway;and?get9)__________tailoredbycropandsoiltype.?Withdigitaltechnology,the10)________ofdoingbusinessinagriculturecanbeformalandinformalpricevolumerequirementsadvicecostStructureReadingUNIT4reduced.?Withdigitaltechnology,theefficiencycanbeimproved.Conclusion(Para.10)Buildingadigitalagriculturesystemis11)____________althoughitwilltakeinnovationandinvestment.possibleStructureReadingTextreadingNavigatingNewworldsUNIT4ReadingReadingOnethingI’velearnedinmyworkwithamultinationaltechnologycorporationisthattheprocessofinnovationtendstotakelongerthanmanypeopleexpect,butitalsotendstobemorerevolutionarythantheyimagine.We’reseeingthisdynamicplayoutrightnowinthewaythatdigitaltechnology–includingtheInternet,mobiletechnologiesanddevices,dataanalytics,artificialintelligence,anddigitally-deliveredservicesandapps–isfundamentallyreorganizinglifeforpeoplelivinginpovertyintheworld.1TextreadingUNIT4ReadingReadingIfthereisanexampleofamarketthatsimplydoesnotworkforthepoor,it’sagriculture.Butdigitaltechnologycanchangethat.2TextreadingUNIT4Rightnow,hundredsofmillionsofAfricansrelyonfarmingforaliving,buttheydon’tgrowasmuch–andtheydon’tsellasmuchoftheirsurplus–astheycould.Asaresult,Africahastoimportannuallybillionsofdollarsoffoodproducts,likecereals(includingrice,maize,andwheat),edibleoils,sugarandsugarconfectionery,andlivestockproducts(dairyandmeat),whichcanbeproducedlocallyutilizingthecontinent’sabundantagriculturalandlandresources.Somethingisnotfunctioningproperlyherewhenhalfofthecontinent’slaborproducesfood,andthecontinentstillbuysitsfoodfromsomewhereelse!3ReadingReadingSowhat’sgoingwrong?Whyaren’tAfricansmallholderstappingintothatlucrativemarket?4TextreadingUNIT4Themainproblemstemsfromthefactthatagriculturalmarkets,likebanks,existonaformalplane,whereassmallholdersexistonaninformalone.Sofarmersandmarketscannotcommunicateeffectively.Smallholdersdon’tknowwhatthemarketwillpay.Theycannotgrowcropsaccordingtothemarket’sspecificationsbecausetheydon’tknowthespecifications.Theyhavenowaytolearnthefarm-managementpracticesthatwouldletthemdoubleoreventripletheiryields.Instead,theygrowmostlywhattheycaneatortradelocally,thewaythey’vealwaysgrownit.5ReadingReadingAslongasthisinformationdisconnectexists,therewillbearelatedphysicaldisconnect.Therailsandroadsthatwouldtakecropsfromthefarmgatetothemarketdon’texist,becausethemarketdoesn’twantthecropsthefarmersaregrowinginthewaysandvolumesthey’regrowingthem.So,farmersareisolated,stuckwithnomoneyandnovoicethatthemarketplacecanhear.6TextreadingUNIT4ReadingReadingButdigitaltechnologycanactalmostlikeasecretdecoderringthatlinkstheformalandinformalsectors.Smallholdersarealreadyusingcellphonestocommunicatewithintheirnetworks,totalktofamilyandfriends.Theinstitutionsthatmakeuptheformalmarketplacecommunicateinmuchthesameway.Soitisnowpossibletogenerateatwo-wayconversationbetweenAfrica’sproducersandAfrica’sconsumers–andthisisanentirelynewconversation.Eachpartywillbeabletoexpressitsneedstotheotherforthefirsttimeever.7TextreadingUNIT4ReadingReadingImagineasmallholderfarmerwhocandiscover,easily,thatyamsareexpectedtofetchahighpricethisyear.Shecanalsocontactalocalcooperativetocombineheryamswiththoseofherneighbor,satisfyingthebuyers’volumerequirements.Becausesheisassuredofsalesatharvest,shecanaffordtotakeoutaloan,usingherphone,tobuyfertilizerorbetterstorageorwhateverelsesheneedstomaximizeheryield.Inthemeantime,insteadofwaitingforavisitfromanextensionworkerwhomayormaynotknowaboutyamsandthesoilinthisparticularregion,shecangetadvicetailoredbycropandsoiltypeviadigitalvideoortext.8TextreadingUNIT4ReadingReadingWheninformationcanfloweasily,andwhendataisdemocratized,thecostofdoingbusinessinagriculturegoeswaydown,justastransactioncostsgowaydownwhenfinancialtransactionsaredigital.Theexcessivetimeandmoneyfarmers,agribusinesses,andcooperativesspendmanagingtheriskofdoingbusinesswithunknownpartnersisadragonefficiency.Whenthesepartnersknoweachotherwell–canfunctionasnodesinasinglemarketplace–agriculturewillflourish.9TextreadingUNIT4ReadingReadingIt’snotaseasyastheaboveparagraphsmaymakeitseem.Buildingadigitalagriculturesystemthatactuallyaccomplishesthesegoalswilltakeinnovationandinvestment.Butthepointisthat,before,itwasnotpossible,andnowitis.Theaddedvariableofdigitaltechnologyhaschangedtheagriculturaldevelopmentequation.10TextreadingUNIT4ReadingUNIT4WhydoesAfricaimportsomuchfoodproductseveryyear?WhatproblemsareAfricanfarmersfacedwith?Howdoestheauthorthinkthatdigitaltechnologycanhelpsolvetheseproblems?Readthetextandfillintheblanksbychoosingtherightonefromthegivenwordstocompletethesummary.Innovationtakeslongerbutismore1)_________________thanexpected,withdigitaltechnology2)________________lifeforthepoor,particularlyinagriculture.Africansmallholders,thoughrelyingonfarming,produceandselllessthantheycould,leadingAfricato3)___________largeamountsoffooddespite4)_____________resources.Thecoreissueisthe5)_____________betweenformalagriculturalmarketsandrevolutionaryreorganizingimportabundantdisconnectcellphonesabundanttailoreddisconnectimportreorganizinginnovationspecificationsrevolutionaryyieldsTextunderstandingReadingUNIT4informalsmallholders—farmerslackmarketinformation,can’tmeetthe6)________________ofthemarket,andhavenowaytolearnpracticesforhigher7)__________,andfinallystuckinpoverty.However,digitaltechnologycanbridgethisgap:with8)_____________,atwo-waycommunicationbetweenproducersandconsumerscanbebuilt.Farmerscanlearnprices,coordinatesupplies,haveaccesstoloans,andget9)___________adviceforfarming,reducingbusinesscostsandrisks.Buildingsuchasystemrequires10)_____________andinvestment,butdigitaltechnologyhasmadeitpossibletochangeagriculturaldevelopment.specificationsyieldscellphonestailoredinnovationcellphonesabundanttailoreddisconnect

importreorganizinginnovationspecificationsrevolutionaryyieldsTextunderstandingReadingTextunderstandingCheckyourunderstandingofthetextbychoosingthebestanswertoeachofthequestions.1Whatcandigitaltechnologychange,accordingtotheauthor?A.Businessoperation.B.Thedeliveryofservices.C.Themethodsofdataanalysis.D.Agricultureforpoorcommunities.2WhydoesAfricaheavilyrelyonfoodimports?A.Becauseofitsharshnaturalenvironment.B.Becauseofitsscarceagriculturalandlandresources.C.Becauseoftheinformationgapbetweenfarmersandmarkets.D.Becauseofthelowerpriceoffoodproductsintheworldmarket.√UNIT42√ReadingTextunderstanding3Howcanthetwo-wayconversationenabledbydigitaltechnologybenefitfarmers?A.Allowingthemtoeffortlesslymonitortheircrops.B.Speedingupandsecuringtheloanapplicationprocess.C.Enablingthemtoeasilyaccessmarketpriceinformation.D.Helpingthembuybetterfertilizersandincreasestoragecapacity.4Whatcandatademocratizationbringtoagriculture,accordingtotheauthor?A.Reducedefficiencyofservices.B.Increasedriskofdoingbusiness.C.Improvedinformationmanagement.D.Loweredcostsofbusinessoperation.5Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheprospectofdigitalagriculture?A.Cautious.B.Skeptical.C.Confident.D.Pessimistic.√UNIT4√√ReadingCulturenotesSecretdecoderringItisadevicethatallowsonetoencodeordecodeasecretandhiddenmessageusingasubstitutioncipher.(秘密解碼環(huán))UNIT4ReadingCulturenotesExtensionworkerItreferstoapersontrainedtohaveexcellenttechnicalexpertiseandcommunicationskillsinaprogramorsystemdedicatedtointroducingnewtechnologiesandideastoimprovepracticesinaspecificfield.Ingeneral,extensionworkersinthefieldofagriculturehelpfarmersenhancetheiragriculturalpracticesbyprovidingtechnicaladvice,sharingknowledgeandskills,supportinggroupformationforbetteraccesstoresources,encouragingcollaborationforself-reliance,andworkingwithcommunitiestobuildunderstandingandimplementsolutions.(技術推廣人員)UNIT4Reading

We’reseeingthisdynamicplayoutrightnowinthewaythatdigitaltechnology–includingtheInternet,mobiletechnologiesanddevices,dataanalytics,artificialintelligence,anddigitally-deliveredservicesandapps–isfundamentallyreorganizinglifeforpeoplelivinginpovertyintheworld.(Para.1)1)dynamic

n.[sing.](fml.)sth.thatcausesactionorchange（導致某種行動或變化的）動力，活力e.g.Thiscourseaimsatabetterunderstandingoftheinternaldynamicofscientificresearchinthecontextoftechnologicalapplications.1LanguagepointsReadingUNIT4Reading

2)playout

whenasituationplaysout,ithappensanddevelops發(fā)生；出現(xiàn)e.g.We’llwaitandseehowthenewfitnesscrazeplaysout.3)fundamentally

ad.ineverywaythatisimportantorbasic根本上；基本上e.g.Thetwoproposalsarefundamentallydifferentintheirapproachtosolvingtheproblem.4)reorganize

v.toarrangeororganizesth.inanewway重新安排；改組e.g.IefficientlyreorganizedmypicturessothatIcannowfindoldonesfast.LanguagepointsReadingUNIT4ReadingLanguagepointsReadingUNIT4ParaphraseWearecurrentlywitnessinginnovationworkasadrivingforcewhendigitaltechnology–suchastheInternet,mobiletechnologiesanddevices,dataanalytics,artificialintelligence,anddigitally-deliveredservicesandapps–isusedtotransformthelifeofthepoorestpeoplearoundtheworldinanimportantandbasicway.Reading

Asaresult,Africahastoimportannuallybillionsofdollarsoffoodproducts,...(Para.3)import

?vt.tobuyaproductfromanothercountryandbringittoyourcountry進口；輸入e.g.Thiscountryhasasmallagriculturesectorandhastoimportmostofitsfood.?n.[C,U]aproductthatisbroughtfromonecountryintoanothersothatitcanbesoldthere,orthebusinessofdoingthis進口商品；進口e.g.Thisstorespecializesinsellinghigh-qualityfoodimportsfromItaly.2LanguagepointsReadingUNIT4ReadingReading

Whyaren’tAfricansmallholderstappingintothatlucrativemarket?(Para.4)1)tapinto

touseortakewhatisneededfromsth.suchasanenergysupplyoranamountofmoney利用；發(fā)掘，開發(fā)（能源、資金來源等）e.g.Thenewtechnologytappedintodatatofindwhentheaudiencepaysattention.2)lucrative

a.bringingalotofmoney獲利多的；賺錢的e.g.Theymadealotofmoneyinlucrativeoverseasmarkets.3LanguagepointsUNIT4ParaphraseWhyaren’tAfricansmall-scalefarmerstakingadvantageofthatprofitablemarket?ReadingReading

Themainproblemstemsfromthefactthatagriculturalmarkets,likebanks,existonaformalplane,whereassmallholdersexistonaninformalone.(Para.5)1)plane

n.[C]alevelofthought,development,orexistence層次；水準；水平e.g.Likealltalentedartists,Thomasworksonadifferentplanefrommostpeople.2)此句中that引導同位語從句解釋thefact。whereas在這里是連詞，表示“但是；卻”，用于強調(diào)前后兩者有重要差別。4LanguagepointsUNIT4ParaphraseBasically,theproblemiscausedbythemismatchbetweenagriculturalmarketsandsmallholders:Agriculturalmarketsoperateinaveryorganizedwaylikebanks,whilesmallholdersworkwithoutstandardizedmanagement.ReadingReading

Theycannotgrowcropsaccordingtothemarket’sspecificationsbecausetheydon’tknowthespecifications.(Para.5)specification

n.?[C](esp.BrE)aclearstatementofwhatisneededorwanted具體（明確）說明e.g.Thecustomergaveclearspecificationsforthetypeoffurnituretheywanted.?[usu.pl.]adetailedinstructionabouthowacar,building,pieceofequipment,etc.shouldbemade（汽車﹑建筑﹑設備等的）規(guī)格說明，明細規(guī)范e.g.Thetechnicalspecificationsofthenewmodelhelpuscontrolthecarquickly.★

specify

vt.tostatesth.inanexactanddetailedway具體指明；明確說明；詳述e.g.Theteacherwillspecifytherequirementsfortheprojectbeforewestart.5LanguagepointsUNIT4Reading

Aslongasthisinformationdisconnectexists,therewillbearelatedphysicaldisconnect.(Para.6)6LanguagepointsReadingUNIT4ParaphraseIftheinformationgapremains,itwillleadtoalackofphysicalconnectionsorcooperation,suchastheconstructionofrailsandroads.Reading

So,farmersareisolated,stuckwithnomoneyandnovoicethatthemarketplacecanhear.(Para.6)1)bestuckwithsth.(infml.)tohavesth.youdonotwantbecauseyoucannotgetridofit不得不接受某事物；無法擺脫某事物e.g.I’mstuckwiththisboringassignmentuntilthedeadline.2)此句中stuckwith短語作狀語，說明farmersareisolated后的狀態(tài)；that引導定語從句修飾voice。7LanguagepointsReadingUNIT4ParaphraseSo,farmersarecutofffromtheoutsideworld.Theyhavenomoneyandtheirvoicecannotbeheardwithinthecommercialmarketplaceortradingsystem.Reading

Butdigitaltechnologycanactalmostlikeasecretdecoderringthatlinkstheformalandinformalsectors.(Para.7)A“secretdecoderring”isoriginallyasmalltoyordevicepopularinthe20thcentury,whichtypicallyconsistsofarotatingringwithlettersorsymbolsthatcanbeusedtoputcodedtextintoreadablecontent.Itisafuntoolforkidstosendandreceive“secretmessages”.Inthesentence,digitaltechnologyworkslikea“secretdecoderring”–justastheringbreaksdowncodedmessages,digitaltechnologycanbridgethegapbetweentheformalsectors(likemarkets)andinformalsectors(likesmallholderfarmers).8LanguagepointsReadingUNIT4Reading

Imagineasmallholderfarmerwhocandiscover,easily,thatyamsareexpectedtofetchahighpricethisyear.(Para.8)fetch

vt.?tobesoldforaparticularprice售得；賣得e.g.WewereallsurprisedthatthepaintingbytheGermanpainterfetched$15million.?(esp.BrE)togoandgetsth.orsb.andbringit/themback（去）拿來；（去）請來；（去）找來e.g.Shewenttofetchhercoatbeforeheadingout.9LanguagepointsReadingUNIT4Reading

Becausesheisassuredofsalesatharvest,shecanaffordtotakeoutaloan,usingherphone,tobuyfertilizerorbetterstorageorwhateverelsesheneedstomaximizeheryield.(Para.8)1)beassuredofsth.ifyouareassuredofsth.,youwilldefinitelygetitorachieveit肯定會得到某物e.g.I’massuredofpromotiontotheheadquartersafterIfinishthisproject.2)storage

n.[U]theprocessofkeepingorputtingsth.inaspecialplacewhileitisnotbeingused貯存；貯藏e.g.Scientistshavemadeprogressindevelopingdigitaldatastorage.

10LanguagepointsReadingUNIT4Reading

3)maximize

vt.toincreasesth.suchasprofitorincomeasmuchaspossible使增加到最大限度；使最大化e.g.Technologyofferscountlessopportunitiestomaximizeefficiency.LanguagepointsReadingUNIT4ReadingReading

Inthemeantime,insteadofwaitingforavisitfromanextensionworkerwhomayormaynotknowaboutyamsandthesoilinthisparticularregion,shecangetadvicetailoredbycropandsoiltypeviadigitalvideoortext.(Para.8)1)inthemeantime

duringthetimebetweentwoeventsorbetweenthepresenttimeandafutureevent在此期間；與此同時e.g.Thepackagewillarrivenextweek;inthemeantime,youcantrackitsprogressonline.2)tailor

?vt.tomakesth.sothatitisexactlyrightforsb.’sparticularneedsorforaparticularpurpose根據(jù)特定需要制作；定做11LanguagepointsUNIT4Readinge.g.Themorningclassistailoredtomeettheneedsofbeginners.?n.[C]sb.whosejobistomakemen’sclothes,whicharemeasuredtofiteachcustomerperfectly（男裝）裁縫e.g.Hevisitedatailortogetacustom-madesuitforthewedding.3)Thissentence,togetherwiththeprevioussentencesinthisparagraph,istalkingabouttheadvantagesthatdigitaltechnologiescanbringtoagriculture.“Shecangetadvicetailoredbycropandsoiltypeviadigitalvideoortext”meansthatthesmallholderfarmercangetadvicewhichisspecifictohercropandsoiltypethroughdigitalvideoortext.LanguagepointsReadingUNIT4ReadingReading

Wheninformationcanfloweasily,whendataisdemocratized,thecostofdoingbusinessinagriculturegoeswaydown,justastransactioncostsgowaydownwhenfinancialtransactionsaredigital.(Para.9)1)way

ad.byalargeamount遠遠地；大大地e.g.Thecostofanewhouseiswayabovemyexpectation.2)transaction

n.[C]theactionofconductingbusiness,suchassellingorbuyingsth.交易e.g.AsecurebrowserhelpssecuretheInternetbankingtransactions.12LanguagepointsUNIT4ReadingLanguagepointsReadingUNIT4ParaphraseJustasthecostoffinancialtransactionsisgreatlyloweredaftertheuseofdigitaltechnology,thecostofdoingagribusinesswillbelargelyreducedwheninformationcanbecommunicatedeasilyandwheneveryonecanaccessdata.ReadingReading

Theexcessivetimeandmoneyfarmers,agribusinesses,andcooperativesspendmanagingtheriskofdoingbusinesswithunknownpartnersisadragonefficiency.(Para.9)1)drag

?n.(bea~onsth./sb.)tomakeithardforsb.tomakeprogresstowardwhattheywant是某物/某人的累贅e.g.Uncertaintyisadragontheeconomy.?vt.topullsth.alongtheground,oftenbecauseitistooheavytocarry拖；拉e.g.Shehadtodragtheheavysuitcaseacrosstheairportbecausethewheelswerebroken.13LanguagepointsUNIT4ReadingReading

2)Theverb“is”isusedinthissentencebecausethesubject,“theexcessivetimeandmoney”istreatedasasingleunitorcollectiveconcept.While“time”and“money”aretwodistinctelements,theyarecombinedheretorepresentasingleconcept:theresourcesspentbyfarmers,agribusinesses,andcooperativesinmanagingrisk.LanguagepointsUNIT4ParaphraseWhenworkingwithbusinesspartnerswhotheyareunfamiliarwith,farmers,agribusinesses,andcooperativeshavetospendtoomuchtimeandmoneypreventingtherisk,whichcanhindertheirprogressandyieldpoorresults.ReadingReading

Whenthesepartnersknoweachotherwell–canfunctionasnodesinasinglemarketplace–agriculturewillflourish.(Para.9)node

n.[C]?aplacewherelinesinanetworkcrossorjoin（網(wǎng)絡的）結點，節(jié)點e.g.Eachnodeinthetransportationnetworkrepresentsamajorcityconnectedbyhighwaysandrailways.?theplaceonthestemofaplantfromwhichaleaforbranchgrows莖節(jié)（植物莖上生葉的部分）e.g.Thegardenercarefullytrimmedthestemjustabovethenodetoencouragenewgrowth.14LanguagepointsUNIT4ReadingReadingLanguagepointsUNIT4ParaphraseWhenbusinesspartnershaveopportunitiestogettoknoweachotherwell,theybecomecloselyconnectedinasinglemarketplace,muchlikejoiningpointsinanetwork.Thisenablesagriculturetothrive.ReadingReading

Theaddedvariableofdigitaltechnologyhaschangedtheagriculturaldevelopmentequation.(Para.10)1)variable

?n.[C]sth.thatmaybedifferentindifferentsituations,sothatyoucannotbesurewhatwillhappen易變的事；可變因素e.g.Whenweconductexperiments,manyvariablescanaffectourresultsifwedonotcontrolthem.?a.likelytochangeoften易變的；多變的e.g.Hermoodisvariable,sometimescheerfulandothertimesquietandreserved.15LanguagepointsUNIT4ReadingReading

2)equation

n.[C]?[usu.sing.]aproblemorsituationinwhichseveralthingsmustbeconsideredanddealtwith（多種因素的）平衡，綜合體e.g.Theequationofhappinessofteninvolvesbalancingpersonalgoals,relationships,andmentalhealth.?等式；方程式LanguagepointsUNIT4ParaphraseTheintroductionofdigitaltechnologyhastransformedthewayweapproachagriculturaldevelopment.ReadingReading

在一家跨國科技公司工作的經(jīng)歷讓我明白了一個道理：創(chuàng)新的過程往往比很多人所預想的要花費更長的時間，但也會比人們想象的要更具突破性。我們正親眼目睹這股創(chuàng)新動力在數(shù)字技術領域的體現(xiàn)——包括因特網(wǎng)、移動技術和設備、數(shù)據(jù)分析、人工智能，以及數(shù)字化傳輸服務與應用程序——這些技術正在從根本上重塑世界上貧困人口的生活方式。1Translationofthetexts數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)UNIT4ReadingReading

如果要舉例說明哪個市場對貧困人口不友好，那就是農(nóng)業(yè)市場。但是數(shù)字技術可以改變這一點。2TranslationofthetextsUNIT43目前，有數(shù)億非洲人以農(nóng)業(yè)為生，但是他們沒辦法盡可能多地種植作物，也沒辦法盡可能多地賣出剩余的作物。這導致非洲每年不得不花費數(shù)十億美元來進口食物，例如，谷類（大米、玉米和小麥）、食用油、糖和甜食，以及畜牧產(chǎn)品（乳制品和肉類）。這些產(chǎn)品本可以利用非洲富饒的農(nóng)業(yè)和土地資源實現(xiàn)本地化生產(chǎn)。非洲大陸有一半的勞動力都在從事農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，但他們還得從別處購買食物，這說明有些地方存在問題。ReadingReading

是哪里出了錯呢？為什么非洲的小農(nóng)場主無法進入這個潛力巨大的市場4TranslationofthetextsUNIT45主要問題在于，農(nóng)業(yè)市場像銀行一樣是規(guī)范化管理，而小農(nóng)場主則是非規(guī)范化經(jīng)營。因此，農(nóng)民和市場之間并不能進行有效溝通。小農(nóng)場主不知道市場價格，也不能根據(jù)市場的具體需求來種植糧食，因為他們并不了解具體要求是什么。他們也沒有途徑學習能夠讓產(chǎn)量翻倍甚至翻三倍的農(nóng)場管理措施。結果，他們種植的大多是自己能吃的，或者能在本地交易的食物，就像他們一直以來所做的那樣。ReadingReading

只要這種信息斷層存在，相關的實體溝通斷層就會存在。因為農(nóng)民種植作物的方式以及作物產(chǎn)量不是市場所需，所以不會有鐵路和道路將作物從農(nóng)場運到市場。因此，農(nóng)民被孤立在自己的小天地里，沒有資金，也沒有市場能夠聽到他們的聲音。6TranslationofthetextsUNIT6ReadingReading

然而，數(shù)字科技可以像一個秘密解碼環(huán)一樣，將正規(guī)的市場與不正規(guī)的小農(nóng)場主連接起來?，F(xiàn)在小農(nóng)場主已經(jīng)能使用手機，通過網(wǎng)絡和家人及朋友交流。正規(guī)市場中各個機構也是用同樣方式溝通。因此，在非洲的生產(chǎn)者和消費者之間開辟一條雙向的溝通渠道是可能的——這也是一種全新的交流。這將會是雙方第一次能夠直接向對方表達自己的需求。7TranslationofthetextsUNIT7ReadingReading

試想一下，一個小農(nóng)場主能夠輕易地知道今年山藥能夠賣出高價。她便可以聯(lián)系當?shù)氐暮献魃?，將她的山藥和臨近農(nóng)場主的山藥合起來售賣，進而滿足購買者龐大的需求量。如果她確信在豐收時會有銷量，她就有能力通過手機申請貸款，用以購買肥料、更好的存儲空間，或者其他能夠最大限度提高產(chǎn)量的東西。期間，她還可以通過數(shù)字網(wǎng)絡視頻或者文字獲取根據(jù)其作物和土壤類型量身定制的建議，而不是等待技術推廣員上門來幫忙——他們也未必了解該地區(qū)的山藥和土壤的狀況。8TranslationofthetextsUNIT4ReadingReading

正如金融交易數(shù)字化可以大幅度降低交易成本一樣，當信息傳播變得暢通，數(shù)據(jù)獲取變得普遍，農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)銷的成本也會大大降低。農(nóng)民、農(nóng)業(yè)綜合企業(yè)、合作社在管控與陌生合作伙伴做生意的風險方面投入過多時間和資金，其實是對生產(chǎn)效率的阻礙。當這些生意伙伴彼此熟悉——能夠在單一市場中像網(wǎng)絡上的各個節(jié)點一樣互相連接、協(xié)作配合——農(nóng)業(yè)將會蓬勃發(fā)展。9TranslationofthetextsUNIT4ReadingReading

實現(xiàn)以上幾段所描繪的情景并沒有看起來那么容易。建立一個能真正實現(xiàn)這些目標的數(shù)字農(nóng)業(yè)體系需要創(chuàng)新和投資。但重點是，以前這一切是不可能實現(xiàn)的，而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為可能。數(shù)字技術這一新增變量的加入已然改變了農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展的體系和機制。10TranslationofthetextsUNIT4BuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressionsCompletethesentenceswiththewordsbelow.Changetheformwherenecessary.1maximize surplus storage tailor revolutionary

reorganizespecificationcooperativevariable1Weneverseemtohaveenoughspacetocontainallofourfilesanddata,sodoyouhaveanysuggestionsonhowtoincreaseour________capacity?2Qinghaiproduceda(n)________ofpowerthatitsharedwithcentralandeasternprovincesinChina.3Pleasenotethatthedatainourreportareonlyestimatesandtheirusagecanvarybydevicesandother_________.storagesurplusvariablesUNIT4BuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressions4Toensureagoodharvestand__________theyield,itisnecessaryforfarmerstoadoptadigitalagriculturalsystem.5Inordertolearnmoreaboutthecustomers’_____________,thecompanyhasmadeanonlinesurvey.6Thelocalgovernmentplanstosupportthelocalfarmersandbusinessesbyestablishinga(n)____________tomanagethenewprocessingcenter.maximizespecificationsUNIT4cooperativemaximize surplus

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reorganizespecificationcooperativevariableBuildingyourlanguageWordsandexpressions7Althoughmanycompaniestendtosticktotheirexistingmethodsofoperation,thiscompanyhasdecidedto__________theoperatingstructureofitsexportactivities.8Theconceptof“targetedpovertyalleviation”_______reliefpoliciestodifferentlocalconditionsandguidesChina’sfightagainstpoverty.9Thenewproductiveforcesareprimarilyshapedby____________technologicalbreakthroughsanddeepindustrialtransformationandupgrading.reorganizetailorsUNIT4maximize

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beassuredofbeadragon1Theeconomiccrisisunfoldedoveradecade,affectingmillionsoflives.2Ruraltourismoperatorscangetaloanofupto300,000yuan,accordingtothecapitalrequirements.3Thankstothenewly-introduceddripirrigationsystem,thefarmerswereconfidentofagoodharvest.4Therearestillcertainnumbersoffarmerswhocannottakewhattheyneedfromthemarketbecauseofthephysicaldisconnect.takeoutaloanplayedout

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