2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練：長難句分析與主旨概括技巧考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分閱讀理解Directions:Beloweachpassage,thereareseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theproliferationofsocialmediaplatformshasfundamentallyalteredthelandscapeofpublicdiscourse,offeringunprecedentedopportunitiesforengagementandinformationsharing.However,alongsidethesebenefits,agrowingbodyofevidencesuggeststhatsocialmediaengagementmaybeassociatedwithvariouspsychologicalandsocialchallenges.Onesignificantconcernrevolvesaroundthephenomenonof"comparisonculture,"whereusersfrequentlyencounteridealizedrepresentationsofothers'lives,oftencuratedtopresentaflawlessorhighlypositiveimage.Thisconstantexposurecanleadtofeelingsofinadequacy,envy,anddiminishedself-esteem,particularlyamongyoungeruserswhoarestilldevelopingtheirsenseofidentityandself-worth.Furthermore,theaddictivenatureoftheseplatforms,drivenbyalgorithmsdesignedtomaximizeusertimeandattention,canleadtoexcessivescreentime,disruptedsleeppatterns,andadeclineinreal-worldsocialinteractions.Therapidspreadofmisinformationandthepolarizationofopinionsinonlineechochambersalsoposesignificantthreatstoinformedpublicdiscourseandsocialcohesion.Whilesocialmediacanconnectindividualsacrossdistancesandfacilitatetheorganizationofsocialandpoliticalmovements,itspotentialdownsidescannotbeignored.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorpsychologicalchallengeassociatedwithsocialmediause?3.Theword"proliferation"inthefirstsentenceisclosestinmeaningto:4.Thepassagesuggeststhatsocialmediaalgorithmscontributetotheproblemofsocialmediauseby:5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeinferredfromthepassage?Passage2Theconceptof"sustainabledevelopment"hasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentdecadesasaframeworkforguidingeconomic,social,andenvironmentalpolicies.Atitscore,sustainabledevelopmentaimstomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisholisticapproachrecognizestheinterconnectednessofeconomicgrowth,socialequity,andenvironmentalprotection,advocatingforabalancethatensureslong-termprosperityratherthanshort-termgains.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresmultifacetedstrategiesacrossvarioussectors.Intheeconomicsphere,thisinvolvestransitioningtowardsrenewableenergysources,improvingenergyefficiency,anddevelopingcirculareconomymodelsthatminimizewaste.Socially,sustainabledevelopmentemphasizesreducinginequality,improvingaccesstoeducationandhealthcare,andfosteringinclusivecommunities.Environmentalconservationisparamount,necessitatingeffortstoprotectbiodiversity,combatclimatechange,andpreservenaturalresources.Whilethepathtosustainabledevelopmentiscomplexandinvolvesovercomingsignificantchallenges,suchasgeopoliticaltensionsandresourcescarcity,thepotentialbenefitsforhumanityandtheplanetmakeitanessentialgoalforthe21stcentury.Questions:6.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthefundamentalobjectiveofsustainabledevelopment?8.Thephrase"holisticapproach"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:9.Whichofthefollowingismentionedasakeystrategywithintheeconomicaspectofsustainabledevelopment?10.Thepassagesuggeststhatsustainabledevelopmentfaceschallengessuchas:Passage3Artificialintelligence(AI)israpidlytransformingnumerousindustries,offeringunprecedentedopportunitiesforinnovationandefficiency.However,theintegrationofAItechnologiesalsoraisesprofoundethicalquestionsthatrequirecarefulconsiderationandproactiveregulation.Oneofthemostsignificantethicalconcernsrelatestothepotentialdisplacementofhumanworkers.AsAIsystemsbecomeincreasinglycapableofperformingtaskstraditionallydonebyhumans,thereareconcernsaboutrisingunemploymentratesandincreasedincomeinequality.WhileAImaycreatenewjobopportunitiesinemergingfields,thetransitioncouldbedisruptiveformanyindividualsandcommunities.AnothercriticalissueisthebiasembeddedwithinAIalgorithms.Thesealgorithmsaretrainedondatathatmayreflectexistingsocietalbiases,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareassuchashiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.EnsuringfairnessandmitigatingbiasinAIsystemsiscrucialtopreventperpetuatingandamplifyingexistinginequalities.Furthermore,thelackoftransparencyandinterpretabilityinsomeAImodels,oftenreferredtoasthe"blackbox"problem,raisesconcernsaboutaccountabilityandtheabilitytochallengedecisionsmadebyAIsystems.AddressingtheseethicalchallengeswillbeessentialtoharnessthefullpotentialofAIwhileminimizingitspotentialharms.Questions:11.Whatisthecentralthemeofthepassage?12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernregardingtheimpactofAIontheworkforce?13.Theword"profound"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:14.ThepassagesuggeststhatbiasinAIalgorithmscanleadtonegativeconsequencesinareassuchas:15.WhichofthefollowingissuesrelatedtoAIismentionedasbeingchallengingduetoalackoftransparency?Passage4TheGreatBarrierReef,locatedoffthecoastofQueensland,Australia,istheworld'slargestcoralreefsystem,composedofover2,900individualreefsand900islandsstretchingforover2,300kilometers.Thismagnificentecosystemishometoanincrediblydiversearrayofmarinelife,includingthousandsofspeciesoffish,mollusks,crustaceans,andcoralspecies.ThehealthoftheGreatBarrierReefiscloselytiedtothedelicatebalanceofitsmarineenvironment,anditishighlysensitivetochangesinwatertemperature,oceanacidification,andpollution.Inrecentyears,thereefhasfacedsignificantchallenges,withmassbleachingeventsoccurringwithincreasingfrequency,largelyattributedtorisingseatemperatures.Theseevents,wherecoralslosetheirsymbioticalgaeandturnwhite,canleadtothedeathofthecoralifconditionsdonotimprove.Conservationeffortsarecrucialforthelong-termsurvivaloftheGreatBarrierReef.Theseeffortsincludereducingcarbonemissionstomitigateclimatechange,improvingwaterqualitythroughlandmanagementpractices,andimplementingstricterregulationstoprotectthereeffromdamagingactivitiessuchasshippingandtourism.Collaborativeresearchandmonitoringprogramsarealsoessentialtounderstandthereef'sresilienceandidentifyeffectiveconservationstrategies.Questions:16.Whatistheprimaryfocusofthepassage?17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorthreattothehealthoftheGreatBarrierReef?18.Theword"magnificent"inthesecondparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:19.Thepassagesuggeststhattheconsequencesofcoralbleachingcaninclude:20.Whichofthefollowingconservationmeasuresmentionedinthepassageisaimedataddressingtherootcauseofthereef'svulnerability?第二部分寫作Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,thenexplainitsintendedmeaning,andfinallygiveyourownsuggestion.Amanissittingatadesk,lookingpuzzledwhileholdingamap.Abovehim,agroupofcartoonbirdsareflyingindifferentdirections,eachcarryingapieceofthemap.Onebirdislabeled'Family,'another'Career,'andthethird'Hobby.'Themanseemsoverwhelmedbythepiecesofthemapbeingthrownathimfromthesky.---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解Passage11.B*解析思路：文章首段指出社交媒體帶來機(jī)遇，第二段緊接著闡述其負(fù)面影響，第三段進(jìn)一步列舉問題。文章結(jié)構(gòu)為“提出現(xiàn)象-分析問題”，旨在揭示社交媒體使用的利弊兩面，但更側(cè)重于其潛在的負(fù)面影響和挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)B（闡述社交媒體使用的利弊）最能概括文章主旨。選項(xiàng)A（強(qiáng)調(diào)社交媒體的積極影響）片面；選項(xiàng)C（批評(píng)社交媒體成癮）和選項(xiàng)D（分析社交媒體對(duì)公共話語的影響）僅涉及文章部分內(nèi)容。2.A*解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段，"comparisonculture"（比較文化）是主要討論的現(xiàn)象，該段明確指出“這種持續(xù)接觸會(huì)導(dǎo)致感覺不足、嫉妒和自尊心下降”。選項(xiàng)A（感覺不足/嫉妒）是直接對(duì)應(yīng)原文的表述。選項(xiàng)B（社交隔離）是第三段提到的另一個(gè)問題；選項(xiàng)C（信息過載）未在第二段提及；選項(xiàng)D（政治極化）是第三段提到的另一個(gè)問題。3.C*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“proliferation”指的是社交媒體平臺(tái)“數(shù)量激增、迅速擴(kuò)散”。選項(xiàng)C（激增/蔓延）與其含義最為接近。選項(xiàng)A（增長）程度較輕；選項(xiàng)B（傳播）不夠準(zhǔn)確；選項(xiàng)D（發(fā)展）過于籠統(tǒng)。4.A*解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段，“addictivenature...drivenbyalgorithmsdesignedtomaximizeusertimeandattention”以及“canleadtoexcessivescreentime”，可知算法的目的是最大化用戶時(shí)間注意力，這直接導(dǎo)致了過度使用屏幕。選項(xiàng)A（旨在最大化用戶的注意力和使用時(shí)間）準(zhǔn)確概括了原文信息。選項(xiàng)B（提供社交聯(lián)系）是社交媒體的初衷，非算法目的；選項(xiàng)C（促進(jìn)信息共享）是功能，非算法驅(qū)動(dòng)原因；選項(xiàng)D（鼓勵(lì)健康互動(dòng)）與原文描述相反。5.D*解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段，“Therapidspreadofmisinformationandthepolarizationofopinionsinonlineechochambersalsoposesignificantthreatstoinformedpublicdiscourseandsocialcohesion.”可知，錯(cuò)誤信息的快速傳播和觀點(diǎn)極化對(duì)有見地的公共話語和社會(huì)凝聚力構(gòu)成威脅。這暗示了社交媒體若不加以管理，可能導(dǎo)致社會(huì)分裂。選項(xiàng)D（如果不受管理，社交媒體可能導(dǎo)致社會(huì)分裂）是對(duì)原文潛在后果的合理推斷。選項(xiàng)A（社交媒體必然導(dǎo)致個(gè)人心理健康問題）過于絕對(duì)；選項(xiàng)B（社交媒體無法促進(jìn)有效的政治參與）與原文“組織社會(huì)和政治運(yùn)動(dòng)”相悖；選項(xiàng)C（社交媒體的主要目的是制造虛假信息）以偏概全。Passage26.A*解析思路：文章首段提出“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”概念及其目標(biāo)，第二段從經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、環(huán)境三方面闡述實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的策略。全文圍繞“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”這一核心概念展開，介紹了其定義和實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。選項(xiàng)A（探討可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念及其實(shí)現(xiàn)方式）最能概括文章主旨。選項(xiàng)B（強(qiáng)調(diào)環(huán)境保護(hù)的重要性）是其中一個(gè)方面；選項(xiàng)C（分析社會(huì)不平等問題）是其中一個(gè)方面；選項(xiàng)D（討論氣候變化挑戰(zhàn)）是其中一個(gè)方面。7.B*解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thefundamentalobjectiveofsustainabledevelopmentistomeettheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.”（可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基本目標(biāo)是滿足當(dāng)代人的需求，同時(shí)不損害子孫后代滿足其自身需求的能力。）選項(xiàng)B（在不損害子孫后代福祉的前提下滿足當(dāng)代人的需求）準(zhǔn)確轉(zhuǎn)述了原文的核心定義。選項(xiàng)A（促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長）是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一部分；選項(xiàng)C（實(shí)現(xiàn)環(huán)境和諧）是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一部分；選項(xiàng)D（保障社會(huì)公平）是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的一部分。8.C*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“holisticapproach”應(yīng)用于可持續(xù)發(fā)展，強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、環(huán)境的“整體性”和“全面性”，而非單一維度。選項(xiàng)C（全面的方法/整體觀）與其含義最為接近。選項(xiàng)A（綜合方法）不夠精確；選項(xiàng)B（系統(tǒng)方法）有一定關(guān)聯(lián)但不如C貼切；選項(xiàng)D（整體論）含義偏差。9.A*解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段，“Intheeconomicsphere,thisinvolvestransitioningtowardsrenewableenergysources,improvingenergyefficiency,anddevelopingcirculareconomymodelsthatminimizewaste.”（在經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域，這包括向可再生能源轉(zhuǎn)型、提高能源效率，并發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟(jì)模式以最大限度地減少浪費(fèi)。）選項(xiàng)A（向可再生能源轉(zhuǎn)型）是文中明確提到的經(jīng)濟(jì)策略。選項(xiàng)B（改善社會(huì)福利）是社會(huì)領(lǐng)域；選項(xiàng)C（促進(jìn)教育普及）是社會(huì)領(lǐng)域；選項(xiàng)D（保護(hù)生物多樣性）是環(huán)境領(lǐng)域。10.B*解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段結(jié)尾和可能引申的常識(shí)，“geopoliticaltensions”（地緣政治緊張局勢(shì)）和“resourcescarcity”（資源稀缺）是實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。第二段提到需要克服“significantchallenges”，結(jié)合全球背景，地緣政治沖突和資源緊張是典型的此類挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)B（地緣政治沖突和資源稀缺）概括了原文暗示和背景相關(guān)的挑戰(zhàn)。選項(xiàng)A（經(jīng)濟(jì)不平等）是可持續(xù)發(fā)展要解決的問題，非挑戰(zhàn)；選項(xiàng)C（技術(shù)障礙）可能存在，但不如前兩者突出；選項(xiàng)D（環(huán)境污染）是可持續(xù)發(fā)展要應(yīng)對(duì)的結(jié)果或領(lǐng)域，非直接挑戰(zhàn)。Passage311.A*解析思路：文章首段提出AI發(fā)展迅速并帶來機(jī)遇，同時(shí)引出“倫理問題”需要關(guān)注。第二段和第三段分別詳細(xì)闡述了兩個(gè)主要的倫理問題：工作displacements（取代）和算法bias（偏見）。第四段提出“缺乏透明度”的挑戰(zhàn)。全文圍繞AI技術(shù)的應(yīng)用所帶來的“倫理挑戰(zhàn)”展開論述。選項(xiàng)A（探討人工智能應(yīng)用的倫理挑戰(zhàn)）最能概括文章主旨。選項(xiàng)B（強(qiáng)調(diào)AI技術(shù)潛力）是文章開頭提及的方面；選項(xiàng)C（分析AI對(duì)就業(yè)市場的影響）是其中一個(gè)倫理挑戰(zhàn)；選項(xiàng)D（討論AI倫理監(jiān)管）是文章隱含的主題，但非核心內(nèi)容。12.A*解析思路：根據(jù)文章第二段，“Oneofthemostsignificantethicalconcernsrevolvesaroundthephenomenonof'comparisonculture,'whereusersfrequentlyencounteridealizedrepresentationsofothers'lives...canleadtofeelingsofinadequacy,envy,anddiminishedself-esteem,particularlyamongyoungeruserswhoarestilldevelopingtheirsenseofidentityandself-worth.”（一個(gè)重大的倫理關(guān)切是“比較文化”現(xiàn)象...會(huì)導(dǎo)致感覺不足、嫉妒和自尊心下降，特別是對(duì)仍在發(fā)展自我認(rèn)同和自我價(jià)值感的年輕人。）該段明確指出AI可能導(dǎo)致“感覺不足”（inadequacy）。選項(xiàng)A（感覺不足/被取代感）是直接對(duì)應(yīng)原文的表述。選項(xiàng)B（技能過時(shí)）是文章可能涉及但不如“感覺不足”直接的核心擔(dān)憂；選項(xiàng)C（失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）是更宏觀的表述，雖然相關(guān)，但原文更側(cè)重心理影響；選項(xiàng)D（經(jīng)濟(jì)壓力）是可能的結(jié)果，非直接擔(dān)憂。13.C*解析思路：根據(jù)上下文，“profound”用來修飾“ethicalquestions”（倫理問題），指的是這些問題“深刻、重大、影響深遠(yuǎn)”。選項(xiàng)C（深刻的/重要的）與其含義最為接近。選項(xiàng)A（廣泛的）指范圍；選項(xiàng)B（基礎(chǔ)的）指層次；選項(xiàng)D（復(fù)雜的）指性質(zhì)，均不如C準(zhǔn)確。14.D*解析思路：根據(jù)文章第三段，“Thesealgorithmsaretrainedondatathatmayreflectexistingsocietalbiases,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareassuchashiring,lending,andcriminaljustice.”（這些算法在可能反映現(xiàn)有社會(huì)偏見的訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)上進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，導(dǎo)致在招聘、信貸和刑事司法等領(lǐng)域出現(xiàn)歧視性結(jié)果。）可知，算法偏見會(huì)導(dǎo)致在招聘、信貸等方面出現(xiàn)歧視。選項(xiàng)D（導(dǎo)致在招聘、信貸等方面出現(xiàn)歧視）準(zhǔn)確概括了原文信息。選項(xiàng)A（加劇政治分歧）未在原文提及；選項(xiàng)B（引發(fā)隱私泄露）未在原文提及；選項(xiàng)C（造成決策不透明）與原文“缺乏透明度”是不同的問題。15.D*解析思路：根據(jù)文章第四段，“ThelackoftransparencyandinterpretabilityinsomeAImodels,oftenreferredtoasthe'blackbox'problem,raisesconcernsaboutaccountabilityandtheabilitytochallengedecisionsmadebyAIsystems.”（某些AI模型缺乏透明度和可解釋性，通常被稱為“黑箱”問題，引發(fā)了關(guān)于問責(zé)制以及挑戰(zhàn)AI系統(tǒng)做出的決策的能力的擔(dān)憂。）該段明確指出，“黑箱”問題（缺乏透明度和可解釋性）是挑戰(zhàn)，因?yàn)樗沟脝栘?zé)和挑戰(zhàn)決策變得困難。選項(xiàng)D（“黑箱”問題/缺乏透明度和可解釋性）是直接對(duì)應(yīng)原文的表述。選項(xiàng)A（算法偏見）是原因；選項(xiàng)B（數(shù)據(jù)安全）未在原文提及；選