2026年中考英語基礎(chǔ)知識梳理：定語從句一、定義及結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句為修飾名詞或代詞的從句，起形容詞作用（又名形容詞性從句）。結(jié)構(gòu)：（先行詞+關(guān)系詞）+從句。?先行詞：定語從句所修飾的名詞/代詞。?關(guān)系詞：連接主句與從句，且在從句中充當(dāng)成分；分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。二、例句1.Heistheboywhohelpedmeyesterday.2.GuangzhouisthecitywhereIwasborn.3.Iwanttofindsomethingthatisreallymeaningful.三、關(guān)系代詞（指物/人，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等）（一）指物：which與that的通用與特用通?？苫Q，但以下情況多用which，少用that；部分情況只用that：?先行詞為all,much,little,none,few,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時。例：Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.（此句中which可換that；若先行詞為不定代詞，如allthat...則用that）。?先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修飾時。?先行詞被序數(shù)詞/最高級修飾時（強(qiáng)調(diào)“第幾/最……的”）。（二）指人：who/whom?who：指人，在從句中作主語/賓語。?whom：指人，在從句中作賓語，口語中常用who代whom。例：?Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourteacher?（who作主語）?Doyouknowtheboy(whom/who/that)yourmotheristalkingwith?（whom作賓語，可換who/that）。（三）whose：指人/物，在從句中作定語（表“……的”）例：Thebookwhosecoverisblueiswonderful.（四）as引導(dǎo)的定語從句常用于such...as,thesame...as等結(jié)構(gòu)，as在從句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。例：Sheisnotsuchacarelessstudentassheusedtobe.（五）“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)“介詞+which/whom”中，介詞后指物用which，指人用whom。例：?OneofthestudentswithwhomIwenttothezooisfromYichun.?Iliveinaroomwhosewindowfacesnorth.（也可換為ofwhichthewindow或thewindowofwhich）。四、關(guān)系副詞（在從句中作時間、地點(diǎn)、原因狀語）（一）when：表“……的時候”，在從句中作時間狀語。例：ThisisthedaywhenwefirstcametoGuangzhou.（二）where：表“……的地方”，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例：GuangzhouisthecitywhereIwasborn.（三）why：表“……的原因”，在從句中作原因狀語。例：Thatisthereasonwhytheywentthere.（四）使用提醒先行詞為“時間/地點(diǎn)/原因”，但關(guān)系詞不缺主語、賓語時，用when/where/why；若缺主語、賓語，用which/that。例：?IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoGuangzhou.（=when，作時間狀語）。?ThisisthebookinwhichIaminterested.（=that/which，interested缺賓語）。五、that,which,who,whose注意點(diǎn)（一）只用that，不用which/who的情況（部分）?先行詞為all,much,little等不定代詞時。?先行詞被all,every,no等修飾時。?先行詞被序數(shù)詞/最高級修飾時。（二）只用which,who，不用that的情況?引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時（從句與主句用逗號隔開，表補(bǔ)充說明）。例：Theboyisverytall,whichwecansee.；Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhowantstoread.?先行詞為that,those時。例：What'sthatwhichisunderthedesk??先行詞被非限制性定語從句修飾時。例：Thisistheverybook(that)Iwanttoread.（三）只用who,whom，不用that的情況先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those等指人的詞時。例：Isthereanyonewhowantstogowithus?；Thisisthebookaboutwhichtheyaretalkingnow.（四）whose的替換結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)whose在從句中作定語時，除用whose外，還可用“ofwhich/whom+the+名詞”或“the+名詞+ofwhich/whom”。例：Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.=Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.=Thisisthebookthecoverofwhichisblue.六、as引導(dǎo)的定語從句（補(bǔ)充）主要用于such...as,thesame...as等結(jié)構(gòu)，as在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等。例：?Asisknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheEarth.?Iwouldliketousethesametoolasyouusedyesterday.練習(xí)一1.Whoistheman____wastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?2.Likethepeople____ourmathteacherishelping,wealsohavealotofhomework.3.I'llbethefirst____helpsyouwhentheyareintrouble.4.Doyouknowtheboy____isclimbingatreeoverthere?5.Thisistheplace____Ihavespentthewholeafternoon.6.Nobodyknowsthereason____shewasabsent.7.Themoonisaworld____thereisnolife.8.Hehasforgottentheday____hearrived.9.October1,1949istheday____we'llneverforget.10.Thisisthemuseum____Ispentwithyourfamily.練習(xí)二1.Whereisthescientist____gaveusatalkyesterday?2.Doyouknowaboy____istall?3.Idon'tlikepeople____talkmuchbutdolittle.4.Thisistheverychair____wecansiton.5.Thehousein____welivedwasold.6.Theletter____Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.7.Thisisthehouse____Iwanttobuy.8.Thisisthehouse____wedevoted.9.Thisisthehouse____ourteacheroncelived.10.Hedidn'ttellmetheplace____hewasborn.11.Theletter____Ireceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.12.I'dliketoliveinahouse____thereisagarden.13.Thisisthehotel____westayedlastmonth.14.Isthisthemuseum____youvisitedtheotherday?15.Thebook____heboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.練習(xí)一答案1.that2.whom/who/that3.that4.who/that5.where6.why7.where8.when9.w