同學(xué)們，歡迎來(lái)到外研版英語(yǔ)必修三Unit4的詞匯學(xué)習(xí)板塊。詞匯是語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)的基石，扎實(shí)的詞匯功底不僅能幫助我們更好地理解閱讀材料，更能提升我們的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、寫(xiě)能力。本單元的主題圍繞“宇宙探索”展開(kāi)，涉及諸多相關(guān)的核心詞匯與拓展表達(dá)。下面，我們將對(duì)本單元的重點(diǎn)詞匯進(jìn)行梳理，并配以針對(duì)性的練習(xí)題，希望能助大家一臂之力。一、核心詞匯梳理與用法精講在學(xué)習(xí)詞匯時(shí)，我們不僅要記住單詞的拼寫(xiě)和基本含義，更要理解其詞性、搭配以及在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。1.**theory(n.)***含義：理論；學(xué)說(shuō)*例句：ThetheoryofrelativitywasputforwardbyEinstein.(相對(duì)論是愛(ài)因斯坦提出的。)*拓展：theoretical(adj.)理論上的2.**violent(adj.)***含義：猛烈的；激烈的；暴力的*例句：Thestormwassoviolentthatmanytreeswereuprooted.(暴風(fēng)雨非常猛烈，許多樹(shù)都被連根拔起。)*搭配：violentstorm猛烈的風(fēng)暴；violentargument激烈的爭(zhēng)論3.**atmosphere(n.)***含義：大氣；大氣層；氣氛*例句：Marshasaverythinatmosphere.(火星的大氣層非常稀薄。)/Theatmosphereintheclassroomwasverytensebeforetheexam.(考試前教室里的氣氛很緊張。)4.**presence(n.)***含義：存在；出席；到場(chǎng)*例句：Scientistshavedetectedthepresenceofwateronthemoon.(科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)探測(cè)到月球上有水的存在。)*拓展：present(adj.)在場(chǎng)的；(v.)呈現(xiàn)，贈(zèng)送5.**harmful(adj.)***含義：有害的*例句：Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.(吸煙有害健康。)*搭配：beharmfulto...對(duì)……有害*拓展：harmless(adj.)無(wú)害的；harm(n./v.)傷害6.**exist(v.)***含義：存在；生存*例句：Doeslifeexistonotherplanets?(其他行星上存在生命嗎？)*拓展：existence(n.)存在7.**puzzle(v./n.)***含義：(v.)使困惑；(n.)謎；難題*例句：Whatpuzzlesmemostiswhyheleftwithoutsayinggoodbye.(最讓我困惑的是他為什么不辭而別。)/Theoriginoftheuniverseisstillapuzzletoscientists.(宇宙的起源對(duì)科學(xué)家來(lái)說(shuō)仍然是個(gè)謎。)*搭配：puzzleoversth.苦苦思索某事8.**pull(n./v.)***含義：(v.)拉；拖；拔；(n.)拉力；引力*例句：Themoon'spullcausesthetides.(月球引力引起潮汐。)*拓展：反義詞push(v./n.)推；pulltogether齊心協(xié)力9.**crash(v./n.)***含義：(v./n.)碰撞；墜毀；倒閉*例句：Theplanecrashedintoamountain.(飛機(jī)撞上了一座山。)/Therewasacarcrashattheintersectionyesterday.(昨天十字路口發(fā)生了一起車(chē)禍。)10.**absorb(v.)***含義：吸收；理解；使全神貫注*搭配：absorbin全神貫注于11.**solar(adj.)***含義：太陽(yáng)的；太陽(yáng)能的*例句：Solarenergyisacleanandrenewablesourceofenergy.(太陽(yáng)能是一種清潔且可再生的能源。)*搭配：solarsystem太陽(yáng)系；solarpower太陽(yáng)能12.**system(n.)***含義：系統(tǒng)；體系；制度*例句：Thedigestivesystemhelpsusbreakdownfood.(消化系統(tǒng)幫助我們分解食物。)拓展詞匯（理解與認(rèn)知）*gravity(n.)重力，地心引力*radiation(n.)輻射*planet(n.)行星*star(n.)恒星*galaxy(n.)星系*explode(v.)爆炸*surface(n.)表面*solid(adj./n.)固體的；固體*liquid(adj./n.)液體的；液體*gas(n.)氣體二、詞匯鞏固練習(xí)題Exercise1:根據(jù)句意及首字母提示補(bǔ)全單詞1.Accordingtothet______,theuniversebeganwithabigexplosion.2.Thee______oflifeonMarsisstillaquestionthatinterestsmanyscientists.3.Thesunisthecenterofours______system.4.Blackholeshaveverystrongg______,whichevenlightcannotescapefrom.5.Toomuchexposuretothesun'sr______canbeharmfultotheskin.Exercise2:用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thegovernmentistryingtoreduce______(violent)inthecity.2.Waterandairare______(harm)toalllivingthings.(提示：此處需用否定含義)3.Shefounditdifficultto______(absorb)alltheinformationatonce.4.The______(puzzle)lookonhisfacesuggestedhedidn'tunderstand.5.Solarpowerisa______(renew)energysource.Exercise3:選擇合適的短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空(pulltogether,beharmfulto,beabsorbedin,crashinto,puzzleover)1.Thetwocars______eachotherontherainynight,causingatrafficjam.2.It'swell-knownthatsmoking______ourhealth.3.Theentireteamneedsto______tofinishthisprojectontime.4.He______themathproblemforhoursbutstillcouldn'tworkitout.5.She______readinganovelanddidn'tnoticethetimepassingby.Exercise4:根據(jù)中文提示完成句子翻譯1.植物從土壤中吸收水分和養(yǎng)分。Plants______waterandnutrients______thesoil.2.科學(xué)家們?nèi)栽谔剿饔钪娴钠鹪?。Scientistsarestillexploring__________________theuniverse.3.這種新理論挑戰(zhàn)了我們之前的認(rèn)知。Thisnewtheory______ourprevious______.4.大氣層保護(hù)地球免受有害射線的傷害。The____________theEarth______harmfulrays.5.他們齊心協(xié)力，最終克服了所有困難。They____________andfinallyovercameallthedifficulties.三、練習(xí)題參考答案Exercise1:1.theory2.existence3.solar4.gravity5.radiationExercise2:1.violence2.harmless3.absorb4.puzzled5.renewableExercise3:1.crashedinto2.isharmfulto3.pulltogether4.puzzledover5.wasabsorbedinExercise4:1.absorb,from2.theoriginof/thebeginningof3.challenges,understanding(s)/knowledge4.atmosphereprotects,from5.pulledtogether