專題09閱讀理解之說明文（2022-2023上·吉林松原·八年級統(tǒng)考期末）一Ifyoudon’toftenwashyourhands,youcantouchlotsofviruses（病毒）frommanyplacesandmakeyourselfill.Youmayhaveacoldwhenyoutouchyoureyes,noseormouth.Oneofthemostcommon（普通的）wayspeoplehavecoldsisbytouchingtheirnosesortheireyeswhentherearecoldvirusesontheirhands.Ifyoudon’toftenwashyourhands,especially（特別）whenyou’resick,youmaymakeotherpeopleill.Soyoushouldfollowtheadvice:●Afterusingthebathroom.●Aftertouchingyournoseorcoughing.●Beforeeating,servingorpreparingfood.●Aftertouchingpetsorotheranimals.●Aftervisitingthesickpeople.●Whenyourhandsaredirty.There’sarightwaytowashyourhands.Followtheadviceandyoucankeepyourhandsclean.●Usewarmwater(notcoldorhot).●Washfor15seconds(秒).●Washwellunderwarmrunningwater.1．Ifyoudon’toftencleanyourhands,youmay_______easily.A．haveastomachache B．haveacold C．haveatoothache D．haveabackache2．Iftherearecoldvirusesonyourhands,don’ttouchyour_______.It’seasytohaveacold.A．eyesandnose B．hair C．clothes D．books3．Ifyoudon’toftenwashyourhands,especially（特別）whenyou’resick,youmay_______.A．havecolds B．touchlotsofviruses C．gethurt D．makeotherpeopleill4．“_______”isnottherighttimetowashhands.A．Afterusingthebathroom B．Beforehavingfood C．Whenhandsaredirty D．Beforevisitingthesickpeople5．Therightwaytowashhandsis“_______”.A．usecoldwater B．washforfifteentimesC．usehotwater D．usethewarmrunningwater【答案】1．B2．A3．D4．D5．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述如果不經(jīng)常洗手，可能會從許多地方接觸很多病毒，使自己生病。該文主要介紹了洗手的時間及正確的方法。1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文開頭“Ifyoudon’toftenwashyourhands,youcantouchlotsofviruses（病毒）frommanyplacesandmakeyourselfill.Youmayhaveacoldwhenyoutouchyoureyes,noseormouth.”可知如果你不經(jīng)常洗手，你有可能感冒。故選B。2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文第二句“Youmayhaveacoldwhenyoutouchyoureyes,noseormouth”可知當(dāng)你觸摸你的眼睛，鼻子或嘴巴時你可能會感冒。故選A。3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifyoudon’toftenwashyourhands,especially（特別）whenyou’resick,youmaymakeotherpeopleill.”可知生病的時候不經(jīng)常洗手會讓其他人生病。故選D。4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Aftervisitingthesickpeople”可知拜訪生病的人后要洗手，不是在拜訪前。故選D。5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“Washwellunderwarmrunningwater.”可知洗手的正確的方法是用流動的溫水洗。故選D。（2022-2023上·河南周口·八年級校考期末）二Parentsusuallydon’tlettheirchildrencook.Theythinkit’sdangerousforchildrentodoit.However,scientistssaythatit’sgoodforchildrentodosomeeasyworkaboutcooking,suchasdoingthedishesandwashingvegetables.Cookingmakeschildrensmart.Insomecookingactivities,childrencanchooseanddecidewhatthingstoputinadishorhowmuchsalttoputinadish.That’sagreatwaytomakethemthinkactively.Atthesametime,theycanlearnhowtoservetheirfriendsbycookingthemselves.Theycanalsolearntoeathealthily.Cookingteacheschildrentofeelhowthingschange.Whenhelpingcookinthekitchen,childrencantouchsomedifferentingredients(食材)andtheycanalsoseehowfoodchangesbytemperature.Soit’sgoodforthemtogetlifeexperience.Cookingmakeschildrenconfident(自信的).Whenchildrenlearntocook,theyusuallyfeelthattheyhavegrownup,andtheycandosomethingfortheirfamilymembers.Childrencancookagreatdinnertoshowtheirlove.So,cookingiswellworth(值得)learning.Cookingteacheschildrencultures.Cookinginonecultureisquitedifferentfromthatinanother.Whencookingdifferentkindsoffood,childrencanalsolearnaboutdifferentcultures.Also,childrencanlearnsometraditionaleatingculturesbycooking.6．Whothinkscookingisdangerousforchildrenaccordingtothetext?A．Parents. B．Teachers. C．Doctors. D．Scientists.7．Whatdoyouknowaboutcookingfromthetext?A．Cookingisthebesthouseworkforchildren.B．Childrencangrowtallandstrongbycooking.C．Cookingisgoodforchildrentogetlifeexperience.D．Cookingcanhelpchildrenbuyfoodcheaply.8．Theunderlinedword“them”refersto________.A．thechildren B．theteachers C．thescientists D．thedoctors9．Whatiscookingaccordingtothelastparagraph(根據(jù)最后一段)?A．Cookingisanecessarysubjectforchildren.B．Cookingisawaytomakemoney.C．Cookingisakindofculture.D．Cookingisakindofsports.10．What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．Howtomakechildrencook B．WhychildrenneedtolearntocookC．Howtocookwell D．Whocanhelpchildrenlearntocook【答案】6．A7．C8．A9．C10．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了學(xué)習(xí)烹飪對孩子們的好處。6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Parentsusuallydon’tlettheirchildrencook.Theythinkit’sdangerousforchildrentodoit.”可知，父母通常不讓孩子做飯。他們認為孩子們做這件事很危險。故選A。7．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Soit’sgoodforthemtogetlifeexperience.”可知，烹飪可以幫助孩子們獲得生活經(jīng)驗。故選C。8．代詞指代題。根據(jù)“Insomecookingactivities,childrencanchooseanddecidewhatthingstoputinadishorhowmuchsalttoputinadish.That’sagreatwaytomakethemthinkactively.”可知，在一些烹飪活動中，孩子們可以選擇和決定在一道菜中放什么東西或在一道菜中放多少鹽。這是讓他們積極思考的好方法。此處them指的是孩子們，故選A。9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whencookingdifferentkindsoffoods,childrencanalsolearnaboutdifferentcultures.Also,childrencanlearnsometraditionaleatingculturesbycooking.”可知，烹飪教會孩子們文化，孩子們可以通過烹飪學(xué)習(xí)一些傳統(tǒng)的飲食文化。故選C。10．最佳標題題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了學(xué)習(xí)烹飪對孩子們的好處，選項B“孩子們?yōu)槭裁匆獙W(xué)習(xí)烹飪”符合標題要求。故選B。（2022-2023上·河南周口·八年級?？计谀┤齈eopleindifferentcountrieshavedifferenthobbies.Japaneselikereading.Wecanseethemreadeverywhere,inthestation,onthebus,inthesubwayandinotherpublicplaces.Japaneseread40booksonaverageeveryyear,whilethenumberinChinaisonly7.Americanpeople’shobbyiswatchingTV.Whentheyarefree,afamilyoftenstayathomeandwatchTVtogether.AmericanswatchTVatleastonehoureachday.Andabout96%ofAmericanstakewatchingTVastheirfirsthobby.WhenyouvisitEngland,youmayseemanypeoplewearingscarves(圍巾)withdifferentcolorsandpatterns(圖案)inthestreetandonthebus.Theyarealwaystalkingaboutacomingsoccergame.Watchingasoccergameistheircommonhobby.Anddifferentscarvesstandfordifferentsoccerteamstheylike.PeopleinFrance(法國)likemusic.Whentheyhavetime,somewillstayathometolistentomusic.Somechoosetogotothetheatretoenjoyanoperaoraconcert(音樂會).11．Wecanalwaysseepeople________inthesubwayinJapan.A．sleep B．read C．talk D．eat12．TheAmericanfamilyprefertostayathometo________togetheronweekend.A．cleanthehouse B．readnewspapers C．watchTV D．workinthegarden13．WhydopeopleinEnglandwearscarveswithdifferentcolorsandpatterns?A．Theywearscarvestosupport(支持)thesoccerteamtheylike.B．Wearingscarveswillmakethemlookmorebeautiful.C．Peoplecan’ttakeabuswithoutscarves.D．Theywearthemtokeepwarm.14．WhichisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A．Chineseread7booksonaverageeveryyear.B．PeopleintheUSAwatchTVatleastonehoureachday.C．Watchingasoccergameispeople’scommonhobbyinEngland.D．SomepeopleinFrancelikegoingtothemoviewhenthey’refree.15．Thepassageismainlyabout________indifferentcountries.A．differenteatinghabitsB．people’shobbiesC．people’sfavoritemusic D．differentsports【答案】11．B12．C13．A14．D15．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要講述了不同國家的人有不同的愛好。11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Wecanseethemreadeverywhere,inthestation,onthebus,inthesubwayandinotherpublicplaces.”可知，在地鐵上看到日本人讀書，故選B。12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whentheyarefree,afamilyoftenstayathomeandwatchTVtogether.”可知，美國人呆在家里看電視，故選C。13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Anddifferentscarvesstandfordifferentsoccerteamstheylike.”可知，不同的圍巾代表他們喜歡的不同足球隊。也就是說用帶圍巾的方式來支持自己喜歡的球隊，故選A。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Whentheyhavetime,somewillstayathometolistentomusic.”可知，法國人有時間的時候聽音樂，故選D。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Peopleindifferentcountrieshavedifferenthobbies.”可知，不同國家的人有不同的愛好。故選B。（2022-2023上·河南周口·八年級?？计谀┧腗anychildrenusetheInternettogetusefulknowledgeandinformation,andtorelaxintheirfreetime.Butsomeofthemarenotusingitinagoodway.HerearesomerulestomakesureyouaresafeontheInternet.MakerulesforInternetusewithyourparents.Forexample,theruleisabouthowlongyoucansurfthenetandwhatactivitiesyoucandoonline,Don’tgiveyourpassword(密碼)toanyoneelse,andnevergiveoutyourhomeaddress(地址),school,realname,age,phonenumberorotherpersonal(個人的)information.Ifit’snecessarytogiveoutacreditcard(信用卡)number,youmustaskpermission(允許)fromyourparents.Neversendaphotoofyourselftosomeonebye-mailifyourparentsdon’tsayit’sOK.Checkwithyourparentsbeforegoingintoachatroom.Youandyourparentswillwanttomakesureit’sarightplaceforyou.NeveragreetomeetsomeoneyoumetontheInternetwithoutyourparents’permission.Nevermeetanyoneyoumetonlinealone.Ifsomethingyouseeorreadonlinemakesyouunhappy,leavethewebsite.Tellyourparentsorteacherrightaway.Neverusebadlanguagewhenyoutalkwithsomeoneonline.RemembernoteverythingyoureadontheInternetistrue.16．Thewritertellschildrento________.A．sendtheirphotostohim B．makerulesforInternetusewithparentsC．believeeverythingtheyreadontheInternet D．giveouttheirpersonalinformation17．It’sgoodforchildrento________ontheInternet.A．givepasswordtoothers B．getusefulknowledgeandinformationC．giveoutacreditcardnumber D．gointoachatroomasthey’dliketo18．Whatshouldn’tyoudowhenyouareonline?A．Usebadlanguage. B．Sendmessagesande-mails.C．Useourcreditcard. D．Leavethesiteifyoufeelunhappy.19．Ifyourparentsdon’tagree,never________.A．readanythingontheInternet B．relaxinyourfreetimeC．haveaface-to-facemeetingwithanyoneyoumetonline D．makefriendsontheInternet20．Thebesttitleforthispassageis“________”.A．HowtoUsetheInternet B．SearchingtheInternetC．InformationontheInternet D．InternetSafetyRules【答案】16．B17．B18．A19．C20．D【導(dǎo)語】本文主要闡述了一些安全上網(wǎng)的規(guī)則。16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“HerearesomerulestomakesureyouaresafeontheInternet.”可知，孩子要與父母一起制定互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使用規(guī)則，故選B。17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ManychildrenusetheInternettogetusefulknowledgeandinformation,andtorelaxintheirfreetime.”可知，許多孩子使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)獲取有用的知識和信息，這是好的，故選B。18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Neverusebadlanguagewhenyoutalkwithsomeoneonline”可知，在網(wǎng)上和別人聊天時，永遠不要說臟話，故選A。19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“NeveragreetomeetsomeoneyoumetontheInternetwithoutyourparents’permission.”可知，沒有父母的允許，永遠不要同意和在網(wǎng)上認識的人見面。故選C。20．最佳標題題。根據(jù)“HerearesomerulestomakesureyouaresafeontheInternet.”可知，本文主要闡述了一些安全上網(wǎng)的規(guī)則，故選D。（2022-2023上·內(nèi)蒙古巴彥淖爾·八年級?？计谀┪錋reyouplanningabirthdaypartyforyoursonordaughterandcan’tdecidewhattodo?Peopleindifferentcountriescelebratetheirbirthdaysindifferentways.PhilipEvans,fromParis,smilesatus,“I’mgoingtobethirtyyearsoldnextweek,soI’mgoingtoinvitethreeverygoodfriendsoutfordinner.InFrance,whenitisyourbirthday,youofteninvitepeopleout.Insomecountries,Iknowit’stheopposite(相反)—thepeopletakeyouout.”Mr.andMrs.SatoarefromTokyo.Mr.Satoisgoingtobesixtytomorrow.“InJapan,thesixtiethbirthdayiscalledKanreki—thebeginningofanewlife.Theredcolorisforanewlife,sowealwaysgivesomethingredforasixtiethbirthday.”Mrs.Satosays.“WhatamIgoingtogivemyhusband?Ican’tsay.It’sasecret!”LiXiaomeifromBeijingfeelsveryexcitedandtellsus,“Tomorrowismysixteenthbirthday.It’saspecialbirthday,sowe’regoingtohaveafamilyparty.I’mprobablygoingtogetsomemoneyinluckyenvelopesfrommyrelatives(親戚).Mymotherisgoingtocooknoodles.Noodlesareforalonglife.”21．InParis,someoneoften________onhisorherbirthday.A．invitesfriendsoutfordinner B．hasapicnicwithfriendsC．hasabirthdayparty D．eatsnoodles22．In________,peoplecallthesixtiethbirthday“Kanreki”.A．Paris B．Japan C．China D．Australia23．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“secret”meaninChinese?A．陰謀 B．鬧劇 C．猜想 D．秘密24．What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A．Ontheirbirthdays,peopleareveryhappy.B．Thebirthdaypresentsaredifferentfordifferentages.C．Howtocelebratebirthdaysindifferentcountries.D．Peoplecelebratetheirbirthdaysinthesameway.【答案】21．A22．B23．D24．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了不同國家慶祝生日的不同方式。21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“PhilipEvans,fromParis,smilesatus,‘I’mgoingtobethirtyyearsoldnextweek,soI’mgoingtoinvitethreeverygoodfriendsoutfordinner.InFrance,whenitisyourbirthday,youofteninvitepeopleout.”可知，在法國，當(dāng)生日的時候，經(jīng)常邀請別人出去吃飯。故選A。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“InJapan,thesixtiethbirthdayiscalledKanreki—thebeginningofanewlife.”可知，在日本，六十歲生日被稱為Kanreki——新生活的開始。故選B。23．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容“Ican’tsay.”可知，Mrs.Sato不想告訴別人她給丈夫準備了什么禮物，所以說這是個秘密，故選D。24．主旨大意題，根據(jù)短文第一段中的“Peopleindifferentcountriescelebratetheirbirthdayindifferentways.”可知，文章主要講的是不同的國家有不同的慶祝生日的方式，短文后面幾段都是圍繞這個話題展開的，選項C“如何在不同國家慶祝生日”符合文意。故選C。（2022-2023上·內(nèi)蒙古巴彥淖爾·八年級?？计谀┝鵉romtinyseeds(種子),greatthingsgrow.Amini-gardencarriedonChina’sChang’e4moonlander(著陸器)becamehometothefirstplanttogrowonanotherworld.ThisisyetanothersuccessforChang’e4.OnJanuary3,2019,theprobe(探測器)becamethefirstlandertotouchdownonthefarsideofthemoon.Thisistheunknownfaceofthemoonthatisalwayslookingawayfromus,soweneverseeitfromdownhereontheearth.Althoughitisoftenseenasthedarksideofthemoon,thefarsideactuallygetsasmuchsunshineasthenearside.Forexample,whenallwecanseeisasilverofanewmoonthefarsideofthemoonisinfullsunlight.PartofChang’e4’smission(使命)istoseehowamoonbasecouldbebuiltforhumans,includingexploring(探索)whetherhumanscouldgrowcropsandotherplantsthere.Chang’e4carriedamini-gardenwithair,waterandsoilwithseedsplantedinit.Whenplantsshootontheearth,theirstems(花莖)growawayfromthegravity(theforcethatkeepsyourfeetontheground),andsotheyalwaysshootupwards.Thegravityofthemoonisonesixthasstrongastheearth’s,soChang’e4’sexperimentwasatest.:wouldtheearthplantsknowwhichwaywasuponthemoon?Fourdaysafterlanding,atinycottonshootshowedthattheydo.Nighthasnowfallenonthefarsideofthemoon;sunlightwillnotreturnuntilthestartofFebruary.Asaresultthecottonshootsdied.Besidesthedarkness,theplantscan’tstandthecold(itcandropto-170℃onthemoonatnight).However,theexperimentisasuccess,sinceithasprovedthatitispossibleforplantstogrowinspace.25．Thetextismainlyabout________.A．a(chǎn)nothersuccessforChang’e4 B．Chang’e4moonlanderC．tinyseedsinthesoil D．thestepsofanexperiment26．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutChang’e4?A．Itcarriedamini-garden. B．Itlandedonthenearsideofthemoon.C．Itexploredthemoonbase. D．Itfoundplantsonthemoon.27．Whatcanbeinferred(推理)fromthetext?A．Plantscanbegrownonthemoonsoon. B．Itisperfecttodoexperimentsonthemoon.C．Thecottonshootscanlastdaysonthemoon. D．WecanseeanewmoonatthestartofFebruary.28．Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanyoureadthetext?A．Healthandsport. B．historyandculture.C．Scienceandtechnology. D．Populationandenvironment.【答案】25．A26．A27．D28．C【導(dǎo)語】本文主要是介紹嫦娥四號的又一次成功：搭載了一個有空氣、水和土壤的小花園，里面種著種子的一個實驗，以及實驗的結(jié)果加以分析。25．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“ThisisyetanothersuccessforChang’e4.”以及整個文章的理解可知，文章主要是關(guān)于嫦娥四號又一次成功的事情，故選A。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Amini-gardencarriedonChina’sChang’e4moonlander(著陸器)becamehometothefirstplanttogrowonanotherworld.”可知，中國嫦娥四號月球著陸器攜帶的一個迷你花園成為了在另一個世界生長的第一株植物的家園。故選A。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Nighthasnowfallenonthefarsideofthemoon;sunlightwillnotreturnuntilthestartofFebruary.”可知，現(xiàn)在月亮背面是夜晚，直到二月初陽光才會照射到，而那個時候就會出現(xiàn)新月，故選D。28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Fromtinyseeds(種子),greatthingsgrow.Amini-gardencarriedonChina’sChang’e4moonlander(著陸器)becamehometothefirstplanttogrowonanotherworld.”（從微小的種子（種子），偉大的發(fā)現(xiàn)不斷成長。中國嫦娥四號登月器上的一個小花園最近成了在另一個世界上生長的第一株植物的家園。）因此可知本文主要講述的是關(guān)于嫦娥四號登月器的的一次成功實驗的相關(guān)情況，所以能在雜志的科學(xué)與技術(shù)部分閱讀到本文。故選C。（2022-2023上·河北張家口·八年級?？计谀┢逥idyouhearsomething?Maybethesoundwasveryquiet.Ormaybeitwasveryloud.Itwaslikeasiren(汽笛)goingby.Soundsareeverywhere.Andyouhavetwocoolpartsonyourbody.Theyletyouhearthesound.Theyareyourears!Yourearscollectsoundsandprocess(處理)them.Yourearssendsoundsignals(信號)toyourbrain.Butthat’snotall.Yourearsalsohelpyoukeepyourbalance(平衡).Soifyoubendovertopickupyourcat,youwon’tfalldown.Theearhasthreedifferentparts.Theyaretheouterear,themiddleear,andtheinnerear.Thesepartsallworktogether,soyoucanhearandprocesssounds.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph1referto(指的是)?A．Yourcat. B．Thesound. C．Siren. D．Yourear.30．Accordingtothewriter,whichpartsonourbodyarecool?A．Eyes. B．Ears. C．Hands. D．Legs.31．TheearscandoallthefollowingthingsEXCEPT________.A．collectingsoundsB．processingsoundsC．makingsoundsD．sendingsoundsignalstothebrain【答案】29．B30．B31．C【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了人耳的用處及構(gòu)造。29．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)前句“Maybethesoundwasveryquiet.”以及“Ormaybeitwasveryloud.”可知此處說的是聲音可能很小，也可能很大，i指代的是thesound“聲音”。故選B。30．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Andyouhavetwocoolpartsonyourbody.Theyletyouhearthesound.Theyareyourears!”可知作者認為耳朵很酷，故選B。31．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Yourearscollectsoundsandprocess(處理)them.Yourearssendsoundsignals(信號)toyourbrain.Butthat’snotall.”可知，耳朵可以收集并處理聲音，還可以向大腦發(fā)送聲音信號，沒有提到耳朵能制造聲音，故選C。（2022-2023上·河南周口·八年級?？计谀┌薡oumayhearaboutearthquakes,butdoyouknowwhattodobefore,duringandafteranearthquake?Hereissomeadviceforyou:BeforeanearthquakeItisimportanttoprepareforyourselfandyourfamily.Allfamilymembersshouldknowhowtoturnoff(關(guān)閉)waterandelectricity(電).Therearesomeusefultelephonenumbers(hospital,police,fire,etc.)thatshouldberemembered.DuringanearthquakeIt’simportantforeachofyoutostaycalm.Ifyouareindoors,quicklymovetoasafeplaceintheroomsuchasunderastrongdeskorastrongtable.Itcanprotectyourselffromfallingthings.Stayawayfromwindows,largebookshelves,heavyfurnitureandsoon.Theyareverydangerous.Ifyouareoutdoors,movetoabroadarealikeaplayground.Moveawayfrombuildings,bridgesandtrees.Ifyouaredriving,stopthecarassoonaspossible,stayingawayfrombridgesandtallbuildings.Stayinyourcar.AfteranearthquakeOncetheshakinghasstopped,don’trunoutofthebuildingrightaway.It’sbettertowaitandleavewhenitissafe.Checkaroundyouandhelpthepeopleintrouble.Ifyourbuildingisbadlybroken,youshouldleaveit.Ifyousmellthegas,geteveryoneoutsideandopenwindowsanddoors.Ifyoucandoitsafely,turnoffthegas.32．WhichtelephonenumberisNOTmentioned(提到)inthetext?A．110. B．120. C．122. D．119.33．Whatshouldyoudoifyou’reindoorsduringanearthquake?A．Hidebehindthefridge. B．Stayunderastrongdesk.C．Jumpoutofthewindow. D．Lockthedooroftheroom.34．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gas”meaninChinese?A．芳香 B．油煙 C．煤氣 D．臭味35．Whatshouldn’tyoudoafteranearthquake?A．Waitandleavewhenitissafe. B．Checkyourselfandhelpothers.C．Waitforhelpifyousmellthegas. D．Leaveyourbuildingifitisbroken.36．What’sthetextmainlytalkingabout?A．Whatanearthquakeislike.B．Howanearthquakehappens.C．Whattodotopreventanearthquake.D．Howtoprotectyourselffromanearthquake.【答案】32．C33．B34．C35．C36．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了在地震前期、中期。后期，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么來保護自己。32．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Therearesomeusefultelephonenumbers(hospital,police,fire,etc.)thatshouldberemembered.”可知，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)記得警察局、醫(yī)院和火警電話，在中國，分別對應(yīng)的是A、B、D選項，排除。故選C。33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifyouareindoors,quicklymovetoasafeplaceintheroomsuchasunderastrongdeskorastrongtable.”可知，地震發(fā)生時，如果你在室內(nèi)，應(yīng)當(dāng)待在結(jié)實的桌子底下。故選B。34．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Ifyousmellthegas,geteveryoneoutsideandopenwindowsanddoors.Ifyoucandoitsafely,turnoffthegas.”可知，問到的應(yīng)是一種氣體，后句介紹了關(guān)閉gas，因此此處是煤氣。故選C。35．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ifyousmellthegas,geteveryoneoutsideandopenwindowsanddoors.”可知，當(dāng)聞到煤氣，應(yīng)當(dāng)立即出去，而不是等待。故選C。36．主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了在地震前期、中期。后期，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)做什么來保護自己。故選D。（2022-2023上·河南周口·八年級?？计谀┚臰eusuallygotoseeadoctorwhenweareill.Doctorsmaygiveussomemedicine,andthemedicineoftenmakesusfeelbetter.Butsometimesthedoctor’smedicinedoesn’twork.Thishappenedtooneman,ThomasSmith.Hewasill(生病的)inhospital,buthewasn’tgettingwell.Thenhefoundanew“doctor”.Hesawfunnyfilms.Hereadfunnybooks.Hehelpedothers.Andsomethingwonderfulhappenedafterhedidallthese.Laughingtookawayhispainafterhalfayear.Hecouldhaveagoodnight’ssleepthen.Hisownhappyfeelinghelpedhimgetwell.Hewrotehisstoryinhisbook.Hesaidlaughingwasveryusefulanditwasthebest“medicine”.Anotherman,SimonBeck,wasalsoill,andhehadaseriouspaininhisback.Thedoctorcouldn’tstopit,sothemanbeganto“picture”hispain.Inhismind,hedrewapictureofadog.Heimagined(想象)hispaintobearealdog.Thenthemantalkedquietlytothedog.Heputhishandonthedog’sheadandmadefriendswithit.Oneyearlater,hispainwentaway!Thesestoriesmaysurpriseyou,butmoreandmorepeoplearegettingwellinthisway.Socallonthe“doctor”insideyourmindandkeephappyifyouareill.Ibelieveyouwillgetwell!37．WhatmightbeThomasSmith’sproblem?A．Hefelldownfromabike. B．Hecouldn’tsleepwell.C．Hedranktoomuch. D．Hedidn’tdowellinthetest.38．WhatdidThomasSmithdotogetwell?a.Hehelpedothers.b.Hemadefriendswithothers.c.Heplayedsportsmoreoften.d.Hesawfunnyfilms.e.Hereadfunnybooks.A．a(chǎn),b,c B．b,c,d C．a(chǎn),c,e D．a(chǎn),d,e39．Whatdoestheword“pain”meaninParagraph2?A．Thepersonthatalwayssavesothers.B．Thefeeling(感覺)thatyouhavewhenyoufeelterrible.C．Thethingyoueatwhenyouareill.D．Thefeelingofbeinghappy.40．InSimonBeck’smind,thedogis________.A．hisback B．hispain C．thedoctor D．hisfriend41．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Doctorscan’tstoppains.B．Themedicinedoesn’twork.C．Wecankeephappytomakeourselvesgetwell.D．Drawingpicturesinmindcanstopallkindofpains.【答案】37．B38．D39．B40．B41．C【導(dǎo)語】本文向我們介紹了兩個通過保持快樂和健康的方式消除病痛的故事。告訴我們保持快樂和健康的重要性。37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Laughingtookawayhispainafterhalfayear.Hecouldhaveagoodnight’ssleepthen.”可知，他能睡個好覺了，所以之前睡不好，故選B。38．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Hesawfunnyfilms.Hereadfunnybooks.Hehelpedothers.”可知，他看了有趣的電影，他讀有趣的書，他幫助別人。故選D。39．詞句猜測題。分析“Laughingtookawayhispainafterhalfayear.Hecouldhaveagoodnight’ssleepthen.”可知，笑消除了他的痛苦，所以此處pain是“痛苦”的意思，是一種糟糕的感覺。故選B。40．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inhismind,hedrewapictureofadog.Heimagined(想象)hispaintobearealdog.”可知，在他的腦海里，他畫了一幅狗的圖畫。他把自己的痛苦想象成一只真正的狗。故選B。41．主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Socallonthe‘doctor’insideyourmindandkeephappyifyouareill.Ibelieveyouwillgetwell!”可知，所以，如果你生病了，請呼喚你內(nèi)心的“醫(yī)生”，保持快樂。我相信你會好起來的。所以我們可以保持快樂，讓自己好起來。故選C。（2022-2023上·河南許昌·八年級統(tǒng)考期末）十DoyouknowthemovieI,Robot?Ittellsusastoryaboutthefuture.Theyearis2035androbotsarejustascommonasmobilephones.Peopledependon(依靠)themtodolotsofthings,forexample,babysitting,cooking,doingchoresandtakingtheirdogsforawalk.Robotshavetoobey(聽從)humans’orders,becausetheirdesignersmakethemdoso.ApoliceofficercalledSpoonerhatesrobots.Hedoesn’tthinkhumanscangetonwellwiththeirrobotsatall!ButthescientistSusanhasdifferentopinions.Susanworksonrobots’mindandshethinksonedayrobotswillbecomemorepowerful(強大的)thanhumansandhelphumanstomakeprogress(進步).WhenSpoonerandSusanworktogether,theyfindthatsomethingiswrongwiththeworld’srobots.Afewrobotshavetheirownthoughtsandthey’retryingtogetoutofhumans’control(控制)!Ofcoursetheserobots’dreamdoesn’tcometrue.Humansworkhardtocontroltheirrobotsagainandtheysucceedatlast.42．Thestorywillhappenin________.A．2025 B．2030 C．2035 D．204043．Theunderlinedword“them”referto________.A．robots B．mobilephones C．designers D．scientists44．Spoonerisa________andSusanisa________.A．scientist;professor B．bankclerk;policeofficerC．policeman;doctor D．policeofficer;scientist45．Susanthinksthatoneday________.A．robotscan’tgetonwellwithhumans B．robotswillhelphumanstomakeprogressC．robotswillhavetheirownthoughts D．robotswillcontroltheworld46．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothisarticle?A．ThemovieI,Robottalksaboutthefuture.B．Peopleusetheirrobotstodoeverything.C．Afewrobotswanttogetoutofhumans’control.D．Atlasthumanssucceedincontrollingtherobotsagain.【答案】42．C43．A44．D45．B46．B【導(dǎo)語】本文主要介紹了電影《我，機器人》的故事情節(jié)。42．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Theyearis2035...”可知，故事發(fā)生在2035年。故選C。43．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)“Theyearis2035androbotsarejustascommonasmobilephones.Peopledependon(依靠)themtodolotsofthings”可知，2035年，機器人和手機一樣普遍，人們依靠它們做很多事情；此處的“them”指的是機器人。故選A。44．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ApoliceofficercalledSpoonerhatesrobots.”和“ButthescientistSusanhasdifferentopinions.”可知，Spooner是一名警察，而Susan是一名科學(xué)家。故選D。45．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“shethinksonedayrobotswillbecomemorepowerful(強大的)thanhumansandhelphumanstomakeprogress(進步)”可知，Susan認為機器人將來某一天將幫助人類取得進步。故選B。46．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Peopledependon(依靠)themtodolotsofthings”可知，人們依靠機器人做很多事情，而不是所有的事情；B選項描述有誤。故選B。（2022-2023上·河北邯鄲·八年級統(tǒng)考期末）十一MynameisWangHong.Mygrandparents’homeisveryfarfromourhome.Theyliveinamountainvillage.Itisabout500kilometresfromourhometotheirhome.Whenwegothere,weshouldgetupearlyandhaveaquickbreakfast.Weleavehomeatseveno’clock.Firstwetakethebustothetrainstation,andthenwetakethetraintoacity.Ittakesusaboutthreehours.Afterwegetoffthetrain,wetakethebustoatown.Thebusridetakesaboutonehour.Afterwegettothetown,weridebikestomygrandparents’home.Mygrandparentsareveryhappytoseeus.Mygrandmothercookssupperforus.Iliketotalktomygrandfather.Heisveryfunny.Helikestotellstories.Weusuallyhaveagooddaythere.47．HowfarisitfromWangHong’shometohergrandparents’home?A．400kilometres. B．500kilometres. C．300kilometres. D．200kilometres.48．WheredoWangHong’sgrandparentslive?A．Inabigcity. B．Inasmallcity. C．Inasmallvillage. D．Inatown.49．HowdoesWangHonggettograndparents’home?A．bus→train→bike→bus B．bike→bus→train→bikeC．bus→train→bus→bike D．bike→train→bus→bike50．WhatdoesWangHong’sgrandfatherliketodo?A．Helikestocook. B．Helikestotakeawalk.C．Helikestoswim. D．Helikestotellstories.51．HowdoesWangHongfeelathergrandparents’home?A．Happy. B．Tired. C．Angry. D．Sad.【答案】47．B48．C49．C50．D51．A【導(dǎo)語】本文介紹了王紅去爺爺奶奶家的交通方式和在爺爺奶奶家的感受。47．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itisabout500kilometresfromourhometotheirhome.”可知，王霞家離他爺爺奶奶家大約500公里。