（英語）高三英語閱讀理解(教育文化)的技巧及練習題及練習題(含答案)含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended(建議)ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".（1）Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?A.Researchers.B.Teachers.C.Parents.D.Children.（2）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?A.Thescreentimelimit.B.Sleephours.C.Thephysicalactivitytime.D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.（4）WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，因為這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認知能力。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational(消遣的)screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition(認知),accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知，本文主要建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉，這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認知能力。所以本文的目標讀者是父母們，而不是研究人員、老師或兒童。故選C。（2）考查主旨大意。本文主要建議父母們要把孩子的屏幕消遣時間限制在2小時之內、保證孩子有足夠的睡眠和鍛煉。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告訴父母們如果他們這樣做可以讓孩子有更好的認知能力。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知，滿足三個要求的人認知能力最好，接下來是滿足睡眠時間以及屏幕消遣限制時間，最后是滿足屏幕消遣限制時間。據(jù)此推斷，體育鍛煉對認知能力影響最小。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建議父母們給孩子設立睡眠規(guī)則，例如“tech-freezones”，目的是確保孩子在臥室里有足夠的睡眠時間。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

"Whensomeoneisrudetoyou,itcanputyouinabadmood.Itmayevenleadyoutoberudetosomeoneelse,creatingachainofrudeness.Infact,thistroublingchainmayevenbecausedbysimplyseeingsomeoneberudetoanotherperson.Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthehadbehavior,"statedaresearcher.

Theresearchersworkedwith81persons,withoccupationsrangingfromsecuritytobusinesstomedicine,whowereaskedtocompleteonlinesurveysovera10-dayperiod.Participantsrecordedtheirmoodswhentheywokeup;andintheevening,theydescribedtheirexperiencesoverthecourseofthatday.

Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.Halfofthemornings,thevideoincludedsomekindofrudenesswhiletheotherhalfhadsomekindofwarminteractionintheworkplace.Rudenesswasconveyedthroughvariousmeans,includingalackofeyecontactorunpleasantlanguage.

Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.

Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.

Consequently,oneoftheresearchersrecommendedthatcompanieshiremanagerswhocanlimitexposuretorudeness,provideplentyofpositivereinforcement(強化)andbuildacivilworkplaceenvironment.This,inturn,couldhelpemployeesbuildtheirconfidencelevelsandhelpthembetterhandleworkplacerudeness.（1）WhatisParagraph1intendedtoshow?A.

Thepopularityofrudeness.

B.

Aregularcauseofrudeness.C.

Anewfindingaboutrudeness.

D.

Thecommondisadvantageofrudeness.（2）Whyaretheshortvideosplayedfortheparticipants?A.

Tomakethemspreadrudeness.B.

Toeducatethemonworkplaceinteraction.C.

Toexposethemtovariousaspectsofrudeness.D.

Toteachthemhowtouserightbodylanguages.（3）Whatistheprobableeffectofwatchingthevideosonsomeparticipants?A.

Beingunwillingtowork.

B.

Poorabilitytodotheirwork.C.

Seriousemotionalsufferings.

D.

Lessinteractionwithothers.（4）Whomaynotbeaffectedbytherudenessvideos?A.Peoplepositiveandkindtothemselves.B.Peoplekeepingcalminstressfulsituations.C.Peopleowningconfidenceinothers'ability.D.Peopleparticipatingintherudenessexperiment.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明，關于“無禮”行為作為一種“傳染性”行為是可以避免的。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Youdon'tevenhavetobethetargetofthebadbehavior”你甚至不必成為不良行為的目標，可知，第一段前半部分在描述了這種無禮行為的“傳染性”之后，是在引出一項關于這種行為的新發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Eachmorningtheparticipantsalsoviewedashortvideo,describingworkplaceinteractionofsomekind.”每天早上，參與者還觀看了一段描述某種工作場所互動的短視頻；第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday…”觀看了無禮視頻的參與者報告稱，他們在白天看到或經(jīng)歷了無禮行為……和第五段中的“Notallparticipantswereaffectedbytherudenessvideos,however.”然而，并不是所有的參與者都受到了粗魯視頻的影響?？芍寘⑴c者觀看視頻是為了讓他們受到更多的影響而研究他們的情緒變化。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Participantswhowatchedtherudenessvideosreportedseeingorexperiencingrudenessduringtheday,andtheywerealsomorelikelytoescapefromfellowemployeestoavoidbeingthevictimsofrudenessthemselves.Theyreportedtheiroverallworksufferedthatdayasaresult.”觀看了無禮視頻的參與者報告稱，他們在白天看到或經(jīng)歷了無禮行為，而且他們也更有可能逃離同事，以免自己成為無禮行為的受害者。他們報告說，他們的整體工作因此受到影響?？芍?，一些參與者在觀看視頻之后會逃避與人交流以免成為受影響者。故選D。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Afewweeksbeforethestudybegan,theparticipantscompletedanevaluationthatmeasuredtheirself-confidenceandemotionalstabilityamongotherthings.Theparticipantswhoscoredhigheronthisevaluationweresignificantlylesslikelytobeinfluencedbytherudeness.”在研究開始前幾周，參與者完成了一項評估，評估內容包括他們的自信心和情緒穩(wěn)定性等。在這項評估中得分較高的參與者受粗魯行為影響的可能性明顯較低?？芍?，不易受到影響的人較為冷靜沉著。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Duringyourfouryearsinthecollege,you'llhavemanyexcitingchoicestomake,thefirstofwhichwillbeyourcourseselectionforyourfirstsemester.Thebeautyofthischoiceisthatyoucan'tgowrong!NomatterwhichoneofourFirst-YearOptionsyouselecttoapplyfor,youwillcreatearichintellectualexperiencetobeginyourcollegecareer.

Option1:LiberalArtsSeminar

TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary(多學科的)coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

Option2:FLLHagerScholarsProgram

TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.

Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectbetweenoneandthreeadditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

Option3:IgnatiusSeminars

Offeredonlyinthefirstsemester,IgnatiusSeminarsintroducestudentstothedepthanddiversityofGeorgetown'sdynamicintellectualcommunity.

Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillselectthreeorfouradditionalcoursestocompleteyourschedule.

Option4:TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram

Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.

Fallschedule:WhenRegistrationopens,youwillbuildascheduleoffourorfiveadditionalcoursesfromthefullcollegecurriculum.（1）HowdostudentslearntheculturalhistoryoftheMediterranean?A.

Bycompletingtheschedule.

B.

Bywritingfictionalbooks.C.

Byselectinglor4courses.

D.

Byreadingmaterialsofthisarea.（2）Whichprogramissuitableforastudentinterestedinlanguages?A.

Option1.

B.

Option2.

C.

Option3.

D.

Option4.（3）What'sapossiblereasonforchoosingOption4?A.

Itisdesignedforlanguagelearners.

B.

Itprovidesvariouscoursesforfree.C.

Itintroducesyoutoareasofinterest.

D.

Itisonlyofferedinthefirstsemester.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是是一篇說明文，在大學的四年里，你會有很多令人興奮的選擇，第一個是你第一學期的課程選擇。這個選擇的美妙之處在于你不會出錯！無論你選擇申請哪一個，你都將為你的大學生涯創(chuàng)造一個豐富的智力體驗。作者介紹了大學生對課程的四種選擇。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Option1:LiberalArtsSeminar部分中的“TheLiberalArtsSeminarisamultidisciplinary（多學科的）coursethatexplorestheculturalhistoryoftheMediterraneanthroughfictionalandnonfictionalbooks.”人文學科研討會是一門多學科課程，通過虛構和非虛構的書籍探索地中海的文化歷史，可知，學生通過虛構和非虛構的書籍探索地中海的文化歷史。由此可知，學生是通過閱讀該地區(qū)的資料來學習地中海的文化歷史的。故選D。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Option2:FLLHagerScholarsProgram部分中的“TheFLLHagerScholarsProgramisdesignedwithourmostambitiousstudentsoflanguagesandlinguisticsinmind,andisdesignedtocreateforthembothasenseofcommunityandopportunitiesforintellectualgrowth.”FLLHagerScholarsProgram的設計初衷是為我們最具雄心的語言和語言學學生服務，旨在為他們創(chuàng)造一種社區(qū)感和智力成長的機會，可知，Option2的設計初衷是為我們最具雄心的語言和語言學學生服務。可知，對語言感興趣的學生可以選擇Option2:FLLHagerScholarsProgram。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Option4:TraditionalFirst-YearAcademicProgram部分中的“Withthisprogram,you'lltakeyourfirststepintothecollege'srichandvariedcorecoursesandexploreyourfieldsofinterestinfreeoptionalcoursework.”有了這個項目，你將邁出你的第一步，進入大學豐富多樣的核心課程，在自由選修課程中探索你感興趣的領域。可知，Option4在自由選修課程中探索你感興趣的領域?？赏浦?，Option4能把你領進你感興趣的領域，這應該是學生選擇Option4的原因。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Whenitcomestolearningaforeignlanguage,manypeoplewonderiftheywillbeabletomemorizeenoughvocabulary.Butthisquestionneverhappensabouttheirmothertongue,andyet,itwasaforeignlanguageonce.However,amongallthequestionsthatnewparentsask,nodoctorhaseverheard:"Willmybabybeabletolearnmylanguage?"Behonest,doyouknowallthewordsofyourmothertongue?Theansweris:"no".

Newwords,andnewwaysofusingoldwords,appeareveryday.Twentyyearsago,whocouldhavebeenabletounderstandasentencelikethis:"Clickheretodownloadyourdigitalbook."?Nobody.Youneverstoplearningnewvocabularyandyouneverknowhowlongyouwillneedit.

Sometimes,youhavethewordonthetipofyourtongue...anditsticksthere!Butyoudoknowthisphenomenon(現(xiàn)象)anddon'tthinkthatitisbecauseofabadmemory.Youshouldnotgivethisphenomenonmoreimportanceinthelanguageyouarelearningthaninyourmothertongue.

Youneedtolearnonly2000orsobasicwordstobeabletocreateanyphraseyouneed.Youcan'tavoidsomeworkinordertolearnthesenecessarywordsandallthemoreifyouwanttolearnquickly.Andbeforeyouconsiderbuyingintoanymethod,besureitisrightforyou.Itisnotwisetodependonanymethodbaseduponmnemonics(記憶群).Thefirstfewwordsseemveryeasytolearn,soyoubuythecourse,butthenyoudiscoverquickly,thoughtoolate,thatadozenwordslater,itisallthemoredifficulttolearnanewwordwhenyouhavealsotolearnthetricktomemorizeit.（1）Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat______.A.

thereisnoneedtoknowallthewordsofaforeignlanguageB.

itishonesttoanswer"no"toaquestionyoudon'tknowC.

ababycanknowallthenewwordsofitsmothertongueD.

peoplefindithardtomemorizevocabularyoftheirlanguage（2）Tolearnaforeignlanguage,theauthoradvisesyou______.A.toremembernewwordsappearingeverydayB.tokeepupwithnewwaysofusingoldwordsC.tolearnatleast2,000necessarywordsD.topaymoreattentiontoyourbadmemory（3）Theauthor'sattitudetomnemonicsis________.A.supportiveB.neutralC.opponentD.indifferent（4）Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.usingoldwordsinanewwayB.learningnewwordsfromthecontextC.findingamethodtomemorizevocabularyD.learningvocabularyofaforeignlanguage【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，很多學習外語的人都有一個困惑是否要記憶足夠多的單詞，作者的回答是"不"，文章告訴人們應該掌握多少個基本單詞，且不能為了學習這些必要的單詞而逃避一些工作，以及依靠任何基于助記法的方法都是不明智的。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Tobehonest，doyouknowallthewordsofyourmothertongue？Theansweris‘No’．“說實話，你知道你母語的所有單詞嗎?"答案是:"不"。可知，一個人既然連自己的母語的詞匯都不可能全部認識，那么在學習外語時，也就沒有必要記住所有的詞匯。故選A。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Youneedtolearnonly2，000orsobasicwordstobeabletocreateanyphraseyouneed.”你只需要學習2000個左右的基本單詞就能創(chuàng)造出任何你需要的短語。可知為了學習一門外語，作者建議你至少學習2000個必要的單詞。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Itisnotwisetodependonanymethodbaseduponmnemonics.”依靠任何基于記憶術的方法都是不明智的?？芍髡邔τ洃浶g的態(tài)度是反對的。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whenitcomestolearningaforeignlanguage,manypeoplewonderiftheywillbeabletomemorizeenoughvocabulary.”當談到學習一門外語時，許多人想知道他們是否能記住足夠的詞匯。以及文章主要內容圍繞學習外語時的詞匯量問題，所以短文主要是關于學習一門外語的詞匯量。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

AHarvardstudyoftheirgraduatesoverthirtyyearsfoundthattherewereonlyasmallpercentage(3%)ofthemwhoactuallywrotedowntheirgoals-andthesewerethemostsuccessful!Youcanbecertainthateveryoneofthosestudentshadrepeatedlyheardthevalueofgoalsetting.Yetonly3%actuallywrotedowntheirgoalsconsistently.Imaginewhatyoucandoifyoubothwritedownyourgoalsand,then,focusonthemconsistently,untiltheyareaccomplished!

Whatisitthatcausesthe"NewYear'sResolutionSyndrome"?Peoplemakeresolutions,workhardatthemforafewweeks,maybeevenafewmonths,andthenforgetthem.Nextyear,theymakethesameNewYear'sresolutions.Thatisthesyndrome.Sowhydosomanypeopledoit?

Theymaybemakinggoalsthataretooglobal,andtoounrealistic.Theelephantanalogy(比喻)isstillthebestoneIknowoftoillustrategoodgoalsetting."Howdoyoueatanelephant?Onespoonfulatatime."Soitiswithgoals.Makespoonsizegoalsandaccomplishthemeasily.Onceyou'vemasteredthis,getabiggerspoon!

Youmayhavetoomanypeopleinyourlifewhoconsciouslyorsubconsciouslyareunwillingorunabletosupportyoutoreachyourgoals.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplewhowantyoutohavewhatyouwantforyourself.Supporteachotherandyou'llallachieveyourhighestgoals.

Wemustbecarefulnottoconfusebusynesswithprogress.Beselectiveabouthowyouuseyourtimeandwhatyoufocuson.Successoftencomeswhenyouknowwhattoleaveout,ratherthanwhattoincludeinyourlife.

Goalsettingislikethepigandchickenwhowereoutforawalkintownearlyonemorning.Thechickenbecamereallyexcitedwhenshesawasignthatsaid"Ham&Eggs,$2.99".Shesaidtothepig,"Look,we'vegotdoublebillingagain."Thepiggruntedandsaid,"That'sallrightforyoutosay.Foryou,it'sallinaday'swork.Forme,it'stotalcommitment."Goalsettingisallinaday'swork.Goalachievementistotalcommitment.（1）WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A.FewHarvardstudentsknowtheimportanceofsettinggoals.B.Writingdowngoalsisunhelpfulinachievingthem.C.AverysmallpercentageofHarvardstudentscansucceed.D.Keepingworkingongoalseventuallyleadstovictory.（2）WhatcanweknowaboutNewYear'sresolutions?A.Theyarereallydifficulttoachieve.B.Mostpeoplegivethemuphalfway.C.Theyshouldbedifferentfromyeartoyear.D.Mostpeoplemakenoefforttoachievethem.（3）Accordingtotheelephantanalogy,whensettinggoals,weshould

.A.askforothers'adviceB.setgreatandworthygoalsC.breakabiggoalintosmallerpiecesD.refertothegoalswesetearlier（4）Whatdoesthestoryofthepigandchickenimply?A.Romeisnotbuiltinoneday.B.Whenthecatisaway,themicewillplay.C.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.D.Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.（5）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.Goalsonlyworkwhenyoudo!B.Surroundingscontributetosuccess!C.WaystomakeNewYear'sresolutionsD.Suggestionsforsettingrealisticgoals【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，講述只有很少的人能夠堅持寫下自己的目標，而這部分人是最成功的，同時也說明了實現(xiàn)目標需要注意的幾個方面：第一，學會分解目標；第二，找到能夠支持自己的人；第三，不要混淆忙碌與進步；第四，目標設定很容易，但是實現(xiàn)目標是一個長期的過程。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“AHarvardstudyoftheirgraduatesoverthirtyyearsfoundthattherewereonlyasmallpercentage(3%)ofthemwhoactuallywrotedowntheirgoals-andthesewerethemostsuccessful!”可知，只有3%的人能夠寫下自己的目標，而這些人是最成功的，故可以推測出，只有不斷堅持，朝目標前進的人才能成功，故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Peoplemakeresolutions,workhardatthemforafewweeks,maybeevenafewmonths,andthenforgetthem.”可知，人們往往年初做決心，前幾周，甚至前幾個月很努力，但是之后就拋之于九霄云外，可知，很多人半途而廢，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Howdoyoueatanelephant?Onespoonfulatatime."Soitiswithgoals.Makespoonsizegoalsandaccomplishthemeasily.可知，設置目標跟吃大象是一樣的，把目標分成小部分，就很容易實現(xiàn)這些目標了，故可知，要學會分解目標，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Goalsettingisallinaday'swork.Goalachievementistotalcommitment.”可知，設定目標很短，但是達成目標則需要完全的付出，根據(jù)選項，與A選項，羅馬不是一日建成的，意思符合，故選A。（5）考查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，本文講述只有很少的人能夠堅持寫下自己的目標，而這部分人是最成功的，同時也說明了實現(xiàn)目標需要注意的幾個方面：第一，學會分解目標；第二，找到能夠支持自己的人；第三，不要混淆忙碌與進步；第四，目標設定很容易，但是實現(xiàn)目標是一個長期的過程，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

AstorypostedbyTheNewYorkPostMondaytellsthetaleofKatrinaHolte,aHillsborowomanwhoquitherjobtocosplaya1950shousewife.

LetmestartbyexpressingadmirationtoHolteforusingher2019freedomstofollowher1950sdreams.Everyoneshouldbesoluckyastogettodecidewhattheywearandhowtheyspendtheirtime.That'sthefutureourforemothersfoughtfor.

ButasmuchfunasIamsuresheishavinglivingavintage(復古的)life,whichliterallyincludeswatchingshowslike"ILoveLucy"andlisteningtovinylrecordings(刻錄碟片),Ithinkit'simportanttorememberthatbeinga1950shousewifewasactuallytotallyawful,andsomethingourgrandmothersandmothersfoughtagainst.

Forexample,onceIcalledmygrandmaandaskedherforherrecipeforCloudBiscuits,thesedeliciousbiscuitssheusedtomakethatwewouldcoverwithbutterandhomemaderaspberryjamonThanksgiving.

"Whywouldyouwantthat?"shesaid."Gotothestore.Gotothefreezersection.Buysomepre-madebiscuitsandputthemintheoven."

Shestraight-uprefusedtogivemetherecipe,becauseitwashardandtookalongtimetomake.Inhermind,itwasawasteoftime.

Gettingoffthephone,itoccurredtomethatspendingeverydayofyourlifeservingahusbandandfivechildrenwasn'tfunatall.AndthentherearethegrandchildrenwhoeventuallycomealongdemandingCloudBiscuits,awholenewexpandedsetofpeopletofeed.

Shewasbasicallyaslavetothosehungrymouths,cookingscratchmealsthreetimesaday.

Whenshewasn'ttrappedinthekitchen,shehadtokeepthehouseclean,makesureshelookedgoodenoughtobesociallyacceptable,andmakesureherkidsandhusbandlookedgoodenoughtobesociallyacceptable.Andshehadnodaysoff.

Iknowmygrandmalovesherkidsandhergrandkids,herhusbandandthelifesheled,butman,itmusthavebeenalotofthankless,mindlesslabor.

Nowondereveryonewentall-inonprocessedfoodswhentheycamearound.Imaginethenicebreaksomethinglikeamicrowavedinnerwouldgiveawomanworking,unpaid,forherfamilyeverysingleday?

Ialsohadanothergrandma.ShewasascholarwhohelpedfoundtheCenterfortheStudyofWomeninSocietyatUniversityofOregon.Shewasapioneeringsecond-wavefeministwhowrotebooks,gavelecturesandtraveledtheworld.

But,shedidallofthatafterdivorcingmygrandpa,whenmostofherkidswereoutofthehouse.Backthen,inthe1950sandthe1960s,therewasnoillusionaboutwomen"havingitall".Howcouldthatevenpossiblyhappen?Ifyouweretakingcareofafamily,waitingonyourhusband,youhadnotimetofollowyourdreams,unlessyoumadethatyourdream.

Alotofwomentookthatapproach.WecallitStockholmSyndromenow.

Andofcourse,thesewomenIamtalkingaboutareupper-middle-classwhitewomen.Romanticizingthe1950sisespeciallydisgustingwhenyouthinkabouthowwomenofcolorandpoorwomenweretreatedbackthen,andthelackofeducationandchoicesavailabletothem.

Becausethewomeninthiscountrydemandedsomethingapproachingequality,Holtehasthechancetoliveoutherfantasy.NoteverywomaninAmericaissolucky.

Westilldon'thavepayequalityandinmanystates,westilldon'thaveautonomyoverourownbodies.Poorwomenandwomenofcolorstilllacktheopportunitiesoftheirwealthyandwhitepeers.

Andwhileit'sgettingbetter,womenarestillexpectedtoberesponsiblefortheemotionallaborofrunningahouseholdandraisingthechildren.

Butatleastwecangetjobs.Atleastwedon'thavetosewourownclothes,wearafullfaceofmakeupeverydayandspendhoursmakingCloudBiscuitssomeungratefulkidwillwolfdown,barelyrememberingtosaythankyou.（1）Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthefutureourforemothersfoughtfor?A.

Watchingshowslike"ILoveLucy"andlisteningtovinylrecordings.B.

Havingthefreedomtomakechoicesintheirdailylife.C.

MakingCloudBiscuitsfortheirkidsandhusbands.D.

Makingsuretheirkidsandhusbandssociallyacceptable.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"that"inparagraph13referto?A.

Writingbooks,givinglecturesandtravelingtheworld.B.

Divorcinghusbandwhenkidswereoutofhouse.C.

Takingcareofafamilyandwaitingonhusband.D.

Women'sillusionabout"havingitall".（3）Whatdoesthe"StockholmSyndrome"inparagraph14reallymeaninthepassage?A.

WomenhavebeenusedtotheunfairtreatmentathomeB.

Womennowadayslikethewayoflifeinthe1950s.C.

Victimsendupsympathizingwiththeabusers.D.

Womenhavethechancetoliveouttheirdreams.（4）Theauthorthinksofthelifeofa1950shousewifeas________.A.

fantastic

B.

admirable

C.

awful

D.

unforgettable（5）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.

Itwasawasteoftimetogivegrandchildrentherecipe.B.

AllwomenarenotluckytofollowtheirowndreamsinAmericanow.C.

Housewivesreceivedrecognitionfortheireffortsfromfamilymembers.D.

Theupper-middle-classwhitewomendidabetterjobinrunningthehousehold.（6）Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.

Toshowgreatappreciationtohergrandmas.B.

Tocallonhousewivestoclaimthepayforthehouseworktheyundertake.C.

Todrawreaders'attentiontothesituationswomenface,especiallythosepoorandofcolor.D.

Toarousewomen'sawarenessofequalpayatwork.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）C（5）B（6）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，作者認為在日常生活中擁有選擇的自由是我們的祖先為之奮斗的未來，同時想讓讀者注意到女性所面臨的處境，尤其是那些貧窮的有色人種。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Everyoneshouldbesoluckyastogettodecidewhattheywearandhowtheyspendtheirtime.That'sthefutureourforemothersfoughtfor.”每個人都應該很幸運，能夠決定自己穿什么，如何度過時間。這就是我們的祖先為之奮斗的未來，可知，作者認為在日常生活中擁有選擇的自由是我們的祖先為之奮斗的未來。故選B。（2）考查代詞指代。根據(jù)第十三段中的“Ifyouweretakingcareofafamily,waitingonyourhusband,youhadnotimetofollowyourdreams,unlessyoumadethatyourdream.”如果你要照顧一個家庭，服侍你的丈夫，你就沒有時間去追求你的夢想，除非你把它當成你的夢想，可知，that指代的其實是前面的內容，也就是takingcareofafamily,waitingonyourhusband。故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第十四段中的“Alotofwomentookthatapproach.WecallitStockholmSyndromenow.”很多女性采取了這種方式。我們現(xiàn)在稱之為StockholmSyndrome，可知，我們現(xiàn)在把1950s很多女性接受了這個方式生活下去的這個現(xiàn)象稱作StockholmSyndrome。根據(jù)上文可知，1950s很多女性的生活方式則是——照顧家庭、服侍丈夫、沒有時間去追求自己的夢想，這對女性來講是不公平的，故選A。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ithinkit'simportanttorememberthatbeinga1950shousewifewasactuallytotallyawful,andsomethingourgrandmothersandmothersfoughtagainst.”我認為重要的是要記住，作為一個50年代的家庭主婦實際上是非常糟糕的，這是我們的祖母和母親所反對的。可知，作者認為20世紀50年代家庭主婦的生活很糟糕。故選C。（5）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的“

Holtehasthechancetoliveoutherfantasy.NoteverywomaninAmericaissolucky.”霍爾特有機會實現(xiàn)她的夢想。不是每個美國女人都這么幸運?？赏浦诿绹?，并不是所有的女性都有機會追逐自己的夢想。故選B。（6）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Westilldon'thavepayequalityandinmanystates,westilldon'thaveautonomyoverourownbodies.Poorwomenandwomenofcolorstilllacktheopportunitiesoftheirwealthyandwhitepeers.”我們仍然沒有薪酬平等，在許多州，我們仍然沒有對自己身體的自主權。貧困婦女和有色人種婦女仍然缺乏與富裕和白人婦女同等的機會。由可知，作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是讓讀者注意到女性所面臨的情況，尤其是那些貧窮和有色人種的情況。。故選C?！军c評】