2020年高考英語閱讀理解專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題高考英語閱讀理解作為試卷中分值占比最高、考查能力最綜合的題型，始終是考生備考的重中之重。它不僅要求考生具備扎實(shí)的語言功底，還需要掌握科學(xué)的閱讀方法和解題技巧。本專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題旨在結(jié)合2020年高考英語閱讀理解的命題特點(diǎn)，幫助考生熟悉各類題型，提升解題效率與準(zhǔn)確率。一、閱讀理解考查核心能力高考英語閱讀理解主要考查以下幾方面能力：1.理解主旨要義：能否快速抓住文章的中心思想或段落大意。2.理解具體信息：能否根據(jù)題目要求，迅速定位并理解文中的具體事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。3.根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞詞義：能否利用上下文語境、構(gòu)詞法等線索推測陌生詞匯或短語的含義。4.作出簡單判斷和推理：能否基于文章提供的信息進(jìn)行歸納、比較、推理，得出合理結(jié)論。5.理解作者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度：能否透過文字表面，把握作者的寫作目的和情感傾向。二、不同題型解題策略與專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練（一）細(xì)節(jié)理解題考查特點(diǎn)：此類題目主要針對(duì)文章中的具體事實(shí)、數(shù)字、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、過程等進(jìn)行提問，答案通常可以直接或間接在原文中找到。解題策略：1.定位原文：仔細(xì)閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞（如專有名詞、數(shù)字、核心動(dòng)詞等），然后迅速回到原文中定位相關(guān)信息區(qū)域。2.比對(duì)信息：將題干及選項(xiàng)與原文相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行仔細(xì)比對(duì)，注意同義替換、句式轉(zhuǎn)換等現(xiàn)象，避免被偷換概念、擴(kuò)大或縮小范圍、張冠李戴等干擾項(xiàng)誤導(dǎo)。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題Passage1TheideaofdaylightsavingtimestartedwithanAmericannamedBenjaminFranklin.Hesuggestedinalettertoanewspaperin1784thatpeoplecouldsavecandlesbygettingupearlierinthemorningandmakingbetteruseofdaylight.However,itwasn'tuntiltheearly20thcenturythatdaylightsavingtimewaswidelyadopted.DuringWorldWarI,manycountriesbeganusingittosaveenergyneededforlighting.Theideawasthatbymovingclocksforwardbyanhourinthespring,peoplewoulduselessartificiallightintheevening.Question1:WhydidmanycountriesstartusingdaylightsavingtimeduringWorldWarI?A.TofollowBenjaminFranklin'ssuggestion.B.Tosaveenergyforlighting.C.Tomakebetteruseofcandles.D.Tohavemoreleisuretimeintheevening.答案與解析：B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞"WorldWarI"定位至原文"DuringWorldWarI,manycountriesbeganusingittosaveenergyneededforlighting."明確指出目的是“節(jié)省照明所需能源”，故答案為B。A項(xiàng)是富蘭克林最初的提議，并非一戰(zhàn)期間采用的直接原因；C項(xiàng)與原文中“savecandles”是富蘭克林的觀點(diǎn)，且時(shí)間不符；D項(xiàng)文中未提及。（二）推理判斷題考查特點(diǎn)：要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索，進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推斷出作者未直接說明的隱含信息、深層含義或文章的發(fā)展趨勢。常見提問方式包括：Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.../Whatdoestheauthorimply...?/Thepassagesuggeststhat...解題策略：1.立足原文，合理推斷：推理必須基于原文信息，不能脫離文本主觀臆斷。2.忠于原文，避免臆斷：注意區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)，推理出的結(jié)論應(yīng)是原文信息的合理延伸，而非考生自己的觀點(diǎn)或常識(shí)。3.關(guān)注語氣和態(tài)度詞：作者的語氣和使用的形容詞、副詞等往往能暗示其態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題Passage2Foryears,scientistshavebeenconcernedaboutthedecliningbeepopulation.Beesplayacrucialroleinpollinatingmanyofthefruits,vegetables,andnutsweeat.Arecentstudypublishedinaleadingscientificjournalpointstopesticidesasasignificantfactor.Thestudyfoundthatbeesexposedtocertainpesticideshaddifficultynavigatingbacktotheirhives,leadingtohigherratesofcolonyloss.Whilesomepesticidemanufacturersarguethattheirproductsaresafewhenusedcorrectly,environmentalgroupsarecallingforstricterregulations.Question2:Whatcanbeinferredabouttherelationshipbetweenpesticidemanufacturersandenvironmentalgroupsregardingpesticides?A.Theyfullyagreeonthesafetyofpesticides.B.Theyhavedifferentviewsonpesticideregulation.C.Theybothbelievebeesarenotaffectedbypesticides.D.Theyworktogethertosolvethebeeproblem.答案與解析：B。推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文“Whilesomepesticidemanufacturersarguethattheirproductsaresafewhenusedcorrectly,environmentalgroupsarecallingforstricterregulations.”可知，農(nóng)藥制造商認(rèn)為產(chǎn)品正確使用即安全，而環(huán)保組織則呼吁更嚴(yán)格的監(jiān)管。由此可推斷雙方在農(nóng)藥監(jiān)管方面存在不同看法，故答案為B。A項(xiàng)“fullyagree”與原文“while”表示的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系不符；C項(xiàng)與原文中研究指出的農(nóng)藥對(duì)蜜蜂的負(fù)面影響相悖；D項(xiàng)“worktogether”文中未提及。（三）主旨大意題考查特點(diǎn)：要求考生概括文章的主要內(nèi)容、中心思想或段落大意。常見提問方式包括：Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?/Thepassageismainlyabout.../Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizesthepassage?解題策略：1.主題句定位法：關(guān)注文章的開頭段、結(jié)尾段以及每段的首尾句，這些地方往往是主題句出現(xiàn)的位置。2.高頻詞概括法：注意文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的核心詞匯，它們通常與文章主旨密切相關(guān)。3.排除法：排除過于具體、只涉及局部內(nèi)容或與原文主旨相悖的選項(xiàng)。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題Passage3Urbangardening,thepracticeofgrowingplantsincities,hasgainedpopularityinrecentyears.Thistrendisdrivenbyseveralfactors.Firstly,itallowscitydwellerstohaveaccesstofresh,organicproduce.Secondly,ithelpstoimproveairqualitybyabsorbingcarbondioxideandreleasingoxygen.Thirdly,urbangardenscantransformemptylotsintogreenspaces,enhancingtheaestheticappealofneighborhoods.Additionally,gardeningprovidesatherapeutichobbyformany,reducingstressandpromotingmentalwell-being.Asmorepeoplerecognizethesebenefits,urbangardeningcontinuestoflourishinmetropolisesaroundtheworld.Question3:Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Thestepstostartanurbangarden.B.Thedifferenttypesofurbangardens.C.Thereasonsbehindthepopularityofurbangardening.D.Thechallengesfacedbyurbangardeners.答案與解析：C。主旨大意題。文章開篇點(diǎn)出“Urbangardening...hasgainedpopularity”，隨后列舉了“Firstly...Secondly...Thirdly...Additionally...”等多個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)因素（原因），最后總結(jié)“Asmorepeoplerecognizethesebenefits,urbangardeningcontinuestoflourish...”。因此，全文主要講述了城市園藝流行的原因，故答案為C。A、B、D項(xiàng)均未在文中提及，屬于無中生有。（四）詞義猜測題考查特點(diǎn)：要求考生根據(jù)上下文語境、構(gòu)詞法或邏輯關(guān)系推測文中某個(gè)生詞或短語的含義。解題策略：1.上下文語境法：通過生詞前后的定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞或因果關(guān)系等線索來推斷詞義。2.同義/反義關(guān)系法：關(guān)注文中是否有and,or,but,however,onthecontrary等連接詞，它們可能提示生詞與前后詞語的同義或反義關(guān)系。3.構(gòu)詞法：通過詞根、前綴、后綴等構(gòu)詞知識(shí)來猜測詞義。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練題Passage4Intoday'sfast-pacedworld,manypeoplefeeloverwhelmedbytheconstantdemandsofworkandlife.Theyoftenlookforwaystosimplify,todecluttertheirhomesandtheirminds.Minimalism,alifestylethatemphasizesowningfewerpossessionsandfocusingonwhatistrulyessential,hasemergedasapopularsolution.Byreducingthenumberofunnecessaryitems,minimalistsaimtocreatemorespace,time,andpeaceintheirlives.Question4:Theunderlinedword"declutter"inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto______.A.decorateB.organizeC.cleanthoroughlyD.removeunnecessaryitemsfrom答案與解析：D。詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上下文，前文提到人們感到“overwhelmedbyconstantdemands”，后文提到“Minimalism...emphasizesowningfewerpossessionsandfocusingonwhatistrulyessential”以及“Byreducingthenumberofunnecessaryitems...”。由此可知，“declutterth