（英語）高二英語閱讀理解(教育文化)解題技巧和訓(xùn)練方法及練習(xí)題(含答案)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解

Theterm"crocodiletears"referstoinsinceresadness.Thistermhasanetymologydatingbackseveralcenturies.Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.

Thetermcrocodiletearsbecamewidelypopularafteritwasdocumentedinafifteenth-centurybooktitledTheVoyageandTravelofSirJohnMandeville,Knight.Apassagefromthebookreads:"Thesecrocodileskillmenandtheyeatthemweeping."

Asyoumayalreadyknow,crocodilians(鱷目動(dòng)物)likelyfeelbadaboutlittle—especiallyfeeding.However,theassumptionofthecrocodile-tearsmetaphormaybetrue.Ina2007paperpublishedinBioSciencetitled"CrocodileTears:Andtheyeatthemweeping",researchersobserved7crocodiliansincagesduringfeedingtimeatareserve(4caimansand3Americanalligators).Theresearchersobservedthecrocodiliansoutsideofwateratfeedingstationstobetterfindoutwhethertearingdeveloped.

Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses(發(fā)出嘶嘶聲)whileiteats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions(鼻淚管分泌物.)

Inhumans,crocodiletearsisamedicalconditionthatcausesapersontotearupwhileeating.Crocodiletearstypicallyoccurbecauseofatemporarylossoffacialcontrolduetodamageofthefacialnerve.Specifically,whenthefacialnervegrowsagain,itdoessoincorrectlythusresultingintearsduringchewingfood.（1）Theunderlinedword"etymology"inParagraph1refersto________.A.areferencebookcontainingarticlesonvarioustopicsB.theoriginandhistoryofaparticulartermC.aprintedsheetofpaperthatarcgivenfreetoadvertiseD.theapplicationandinfluenceofanewtheory（2）Theterm"crocodiletears"________.A.isamedicalconditionthatcausesacrocodiletotearupB.becamewidelypopularasearlyasthefourthcenturyC.referstopretendedsadnessD.provedtobeonlyanassumption（3）Fromthe2007paperpublishedinBioScience,wecanknowthat________.A.crocodiliansespeciallyfeelbadaboutfeedingB.notallthe7crocodiliansdevelopedtearingC.thecrocodilianswerecarefullyobservedinsidewaterD.crocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhissesafteriteats（4）Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.whattherealtruthisaboutcrocodiletearsB.whentheterm"crocodiletears"gotpopularinliteratureC.howresearchersmadetheexperimentoncrocodiliansD.whycrocodiletearstypicallyoccurinhumans【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，通過引用“鱷魚的眼淚”這一說法的來源、發(fā)展以及相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)來告訴讀者“crocodiletears”的真實(shí)含義。（1）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第一段中的“datingbackseveralcenturies”追溯到幾個(gè)世紀(jì)前；以及“Asearlyasthefourthcentury,crocodiletearsarereferencedintheliteraturewiththemeaningofinsinceresorrow.”早在公元4世紀(jì)，鱷魚的眼淚在文學(xué)作品中的意思是假慈悲，可推知，etymology和一個(gè)詞條的來源和發(fā)展相關(guān)。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Itissaidthatcrocodilesweepwhileeatingtheirhuntedanimalsbecausetheyaresad;however,thissadnessisnothonest.”是指假傷心，假慈悲。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Fiveofthe7crocodiliansdevelopedsomethingliketearsintheireyesbefore,duringorafterfeeding.”7只鱷魚中，有5只在吃食之前，之中和之后流下了眼淚，可知，并非所有的鱷魚在吃食時(shí)都會(huì)流淚。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theresearcherssuggestthatthesecrocodiletearsoccurbecauseacrocodilianhisses(發(fā)出嘶嘶聲)whileitcats,andthishissingforcesairthroughthespacesinthebonebehindthenoseandouttheeye,intheprocesspickingupnasolacrimalsecretions”研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)這些鱷魚的眼淚是因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)谶M(jìn)食時(shí)發(fā)出的嘶嘶聲，這種聲音迫使空氣通過鼻子背后的空間從眼睛出來，在這個(gè)過程中帶出了鼻內(nèi)管分泌物，可知，作者通過對(duì)“crocodiletears”這一詞條的來源、發(fā)展以及相關(guān)實(shí)驗(yàn)來告訴讀者有關(guān)“crocodiletears”的真實(shí)含義。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Whenachildistoldheis"uncool",itcanbeverypainful.Hemaysayhedoesn'tcare,andevenactinwaysthatareoppositeofcoolonpurpose(故意地).Butthesearesimplewaystodealwithsadnessbypretendingit'snotthere.

Helpingachildfeelbetterinschoolhastobecareful.Ifyousay,"Whyareyouworriedaboutwhatotherchildrenthinkaboutyou?Itdoesn'tmatter!"Childrenknowthatitdoesmatter.Instead,anactivewaymaybebest.Youcouldsay,"I'mgoingtodoacoupleofthingsforyoutohelpyoufeelbetterinschool."

Ifaboyishavingtroublemakingfriends,theteachercanhelphim.Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.Thisishowtheotherchildrenlearnhowtovaluehisgoodqualitiesandtolikehim.Ateachercanalsoraiseachild'spopularityinthegroupbyshowingthathevaluesthatchild.Itevenhelpstoputhiminaseatnexttoaverypopularchild,orlethimbeapartnerwiththatchildinactivities,etc.

Therearethingsthatparentscandoathome,too.Befriendlywhenyourchildbringsothershometoplay.Encouragehimtoinvitefriendstomealsandthenservethedishestheyconsider"super".Whenyouplantrips,picnics,movies,andothershows,inviteanotherchildwithwhomyourchildwantstobefriends.

Whatyoucandoisgivehimachancetojoinagroupthatmaybeshuttinghimout.Then,ifhehasgoodqualities,hecanstarttobuildrealfriendshipofhisown.（1）Achildwhohasbeeninformedofbeing"uncool"may

.A.carenothingaboutitB.dosomethinguncoolonpurposeC.developasenseofangerD.pretendtogethurtverymuch（2）Ateachercanhelpanunpopularchildby

.A.seeingthechildastheteacher'sfavouriteB.askingthechildtodosomethingforpartnersC.forcingotherchildrentomakefriendswiththechildD.offeringthechildchancestoshowhisgoodqualities（3）Howcanparentshelptheirchildfitinbetter?A.Bytakinghimtohavepicnicsinthepark.B.Bybeingkindtohisschoolmates.C.Byforcinghimtoinvitefriendshome.D.Bycookingdeliciousfoodforhim.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了在學(xué)校里的老師及在家里的父母都可以做很多事情來讓不受歡迎的孩子受到歡迎。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Hemaysayhedoesn'tcare,andevenactinwaysthatareoppositeofcoolonpurpose(故意地).”可知一個(gè)被說成“不酷”的孩子,可能會(huì)故意做一些“不酷”的事情,故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theteachercanarrangethingssothathehaschancestousehisabilitiestocontributetoclassprojects.”可知老師可以給孩子提供表現(xiàn)他長(zhǎng)處的機(jī)會(huì),來幫助一個(gè)不受歡迎的孩子,故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Therearethingsthatparentscandoathome,too.Befriendlywhenyourchildbringsothershometoplay.”可知父母可以通過對(duì)孩子的同學(xué)和藹,讓孩子更好地與他人相處,故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Workingwithastressedmindislikeswimmingwithajacketon,whileamindfreefromworkstressislightlikethewindanditcanhelpyouaccomplishyourdailytaskseasily.Torelieve(緩解)stressandlightenyourmind,youmustfirstunderstandthenatureofstressandthereasonswhyitbuildsup.Thenyoucaneasilybeatstress.

Talkitout

Talkingtoothershelpsrelieveworkstressespeciallywhenyouandthepersonyoutalktoareinthesameboatandunderthesameworkstress.Yourworrieswillbedivided!Ifyouareyourownboss,youneedsomegoodadvisersaroundyou,whoknowyourtroubleandtalksense.Ifthereisnosuchpersonsatyourworkplace,lettherebeoneathome,whoisafriend,afamilymemberoraguidethatyoucantalkto.

Letmusiccalmyourmind

Musichasthepowertotakeyouintoanewworld,awayfromyourworries.Takingabreaktolistentosomefavoritemusicisalsoagreatwaytorelievestress.

Takeawalk

Ifthereisaparkaround,goandhaveawalkthere.Youcaneatsomesnackssittingonthegrass.Movearound,lookattheworldaroundyouandforgetyourworkforawhile.Letyourbodygetsomeexercise.Awalkworksasitalsoclearsyourthoughts.Youcanlistentomusicwhilegoingonawalk.

Havealifebeyondtheworkplace

Ifyoukeepthinkingaboutnothingotherthanworkallthetime,thereisboundtobestress.So,throwawayyourthoughtsaboutworkafteryouleaveyourofficeandgetalifebeyondit.Havealifebeyondtheworkplace,andyoucanrelaxafterwork.（1）Wecanlearnfromthefirstparagraphthattorelievestress,weshould_________.A.

knowwhatcausesstressfirst

B.

swimalotwhenwearefreeC.

findagoodadvisertotalkto

D.

paymoreattentiontowork（2）Torelieveworkstress,you'dbettertalktothosewho________.A.arefreeofjobstressB.haveenoughtimetotalktoyouC.havethesamesufferingsD.canchangeyourjob（3）listeningtosomemusiccan__________.A.helpyouimproveyourtasteofmusicB.improveyourrelationshipwithothersC.makeyoufeelmoretiredofyourjobD.letyourelaxandforgetworkstress（4）Whentakingawalktorelieveworkstress,youshould_________.A.considerproblemsatworkatthesametimeB.letyourmindatpeaceanddosomeexerciseC.makenewfriendswithstrangersasyouwalkD.walktoaquietplaceasfarawayaspossible（5）Theauthorofthispassagemaybe________.A.aresearcherwhostudiesmusicB.tiredofworkingunderpressureC.apersonwhoistryingtofindajobD.expertindealingwithworkstress【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一些可以緩解工作壓力的方法。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”Torelieve(緩解）stressandlightenyourmind,youmustfirstunderstandthenatureofstressandthereasonswhyitbuildsup.“可知，想要緩解思想上的壓力，我們首先要明白壓力的特征和它產(chǎn)生的原因。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的”Talkingtoothershelpsrelieveworkstressespeciallywhenyouandthepersonyoutalktoareinthesameboatandunderthesameworkstress.“可知，與別人交談可以緩解工作壓力，尤其是和自己有相同遭遇或者相同壓力的人。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Musichasthepowertotakeyouintoanewworld,awayfromyourworries.Takingabreaktolistentosomefavoritemusicisalsoagreatwaytorelievestress.“可知音樂可以讓人遠(yuǎn)離擔(dān)憂，聽喜歡的音樂也是一種緩解壓力的方式，即音樂可以令人放松并且緩解壓力。故選D。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的”

Movearound,lookattheworldaroundyouandforgetyourworkforawhile.Letyourbodygetsomeexercise.“可知，我們?cè)谏⒉綍r(shí)要暫時(shí)忘記工作，關(guān)注周圍的世界，讓身體動(dòng)起來。故選B。（5）考查推理判斷。結(jié)合文章所給的幾個(gè)緩解工作壓力的方法和第一段的”Workingwithastressedmindislikeswimmingwithajacketon,whileamindfreefromworkstressislightlikethewindanditcanhelpyouaccomplishyourdailytaskseasily.“可推測(cè)本文的作者可能是處理工作壓力方面的專家。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool'slessonsateverygradelevel.Studentswouldbemuchsmarteriftheyhadsomemusicalexperience.Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills,likepayingattentionandfollowingdirections.Peopledevelopalltheseskillswhentheylearnmusic.Makingmusicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination.Itprovidesstudentswithachancetotryouttheirownideas.

Musicnotonlymakeschildrenbetterstudents,butalsogivesthemsomethingpositivetodo.Inamusicprogram,childrencanbepartofabandinsteadofjoiningagang(團(tuán)伙).Parentscanenjoylisteningtotheirchildren'smusicinsteadofseeingthemgluedtoacomputerorTVscreen.Inaschoolband,studentsgettobepartofateam.Theycangetalongwellwitholdfriendsandmakenewfriendsthroughmusic.

Musicbuildsself-confidence,too.Itgiveschildrenasenseofachievementandsuccess.Makingmusicissomethingforthemtobeproudof,anditletskidspracticeperforminginfrontofanaudience.Musicgiveschildrenanopportunityforself-expression,andthathelpsdeveloptheirself-confidence.

Onceagain,musicisimportantbecauseitcanmakechildrenbetterstudents,givethemsomethingpositivetodo,andbuildtheircharacter.Thatiswhymusicshouldbeofferedineverysinglegradeineveryschool.（1）Accordingtothepassage,musiccouldmakestudentssmarterby_______________.A.improvingtheirclassroomskillsandpayingattentionB.improvingtheirclassroomskillsandimaginationC.improvingtheirattention,directionandimaginationD.learningmusic,makingmusicandtryingouttheirownideas（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"gluedto"inthesecondparagraphmean?A.unwillingtoturnonB.alwayslookingC.unwillingtoleaveD.alwaysplaying（3）Thethirdparagraphmainlytellsusthatmusiccould_______________.A.givechildrenself-expressionandself-confidenceB.bringtochildrenachievementandsuccessC.givechildrensomethingtobeproudofD.developchildren'sself-confidence（4）What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Musicisamustasacourseatschool.B.Musicbuildschildren'sself-confidence.C.Musicmakesstudentsmuchsmarter.D.Learningmusicandmakingmusic.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文介紹了音樂在學(xué)生的成長(zhǎng)過程中不容忽視的作用，應(yīng)該被列為學(xué)校里的一門必修課程．音樂不但能夠提高學(xué)生們的注意力和服從指揮的能力，而且也能讓學(xué)生發(fā)揮想象力，培養(yǎng)他們的創(chuàng)造能力。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theycouldimprovetheirclassroomskills”和“Makingmusicalsoletschildrenusetheirimagination”可知，音樂通過提高學(xué)生的課堂技能和發(fā)揮他們的想象力，使其更加聰明。故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第二段中的“Parentscanenjoylisteningtotheirchildren'smusicinsteadofseeingthemgluedtoacomputerorTVscreen.”家長(zhǎng)們能享受孩子們的音樂，而不是看他們不愿離開電腦或電視。glue的原意“似膠般固著于”，這里引申為“不愿離開”。故選C。（3）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Musicbuildsself-confidence,too.”音樂也建立自信可知,故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段中的“Thearts,especiallymusic,shouldbepartofeveryschool'slessonsateverygradelevel.”即本篇文章的主題句。根據(jù)概括標(biāo)題需遵循“征對(duì)性、概括性、醒目性”的原則可知A為最佳答案，故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，段落大意和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Chewinggum(口香糖)hasitsoriginsinancienttimesfromMayanstoGreekswhowouldchewtheresin(樹脂)ofcertaintreesformedicalpurposesandmaybeevenforfresheningbreath.ThehistoryofchewinggumcontinuedasNativeAmericansintroducedittoEuropeansettlers.

ChewinggumhitthemarketafterSantaAnnabroughtacaseofchicle(糖膠樹脂)fromMexicotoNewYork.SantaAnnagavesometothepart-timeinventorThomasAdamsThomasAdamschangedthegumandmarketeditasacandy.TheinventiontookoffandwasknownasChiclets.

In1900FrankFleercoatechewinggumwithsugar,andin1906BlibberBlubberwasinvented,butnevermadeittomarket.BlibberBlubberwastoostickyanditwasalsotoodifficulttoremovetheburstbubble(破了的泡泡)fromone'sskinwithoutusingsomespecialtools.

Ahistoryofbubblegumjustwouldn'tbecompletewithoutmentioningthegumballmachine,whichpopularizedgum.Thefirstgumballmachinecameontothescenein1907andsoldsugar-coatedchewinggum.

However,itwasn'tuntil1928thatbubblegumwascreated.WalterDiemer,workingforFrankFleer'sgumcompany,discoveredbubblegumbyaccidentwhileexperimentinginthelabduringhisbreaks.ThegumwasnamedDubbleBubble.Pinkwastheonlycolorwhichcouldbeusedatthetime,andDubbleBubblehasremainedpinkeversince.

AccordingtotheInternationalChewingGumAssociation,duringWWIIDubbleBubblewashandedoutbyUSmilitarymembersasgifts,therebyspreadingitspopularityamongthepeoplesofEurope,Africa,andAsia.Andinthe1930shefirstbubblegumcardsappeared."thepictureschangedfromwarheroestoWildWestfigurestoprofessionalathletes."

Bubblegumhasbeenpopulareversince,especiallyamongchildren,thankstoitsinventiveshapes,andsugaryflavors,fromoriginalbubblegumtoayardstickoffruitybubblegum.（1）HowdidThomasAdamsdealwiththechiclethatSantaAnnagavetohim?A.

Hesoldittothemilitary.

B.

HeintroducedittoEuropeans.C.

Heturneditintochewinggum.

D.

Heuseditformedicalpurposes.（2）Whichofthefallowingistheleastpopular?A.

Chiclets

B.

Gumballs.

C.

DubbleBubble.

D.

BlibberBlubber.（3）WhatwasspecialaboutDubbleBubblewhenitwasinvented?A.

Itwaspink-colored.

B.

Itwascandy-coated.C.

Itwashardtoremovefromone'sskin.

D.

ItwasinventedbyaUSmilitarymember.（4）Whatdoesthetextmainlyintroduce?A.

Thepopularityofgum.

B.

Thehistoryofbubblegum.C.

Theoriginsofchewinggum.

D.

Theinventionofthegumballmachine.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了泡泡糖的起源和歷史。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“SantaAnnagavesometothepart-timeinventorThomasAdams.ThomasAdamschangedthegumandmarketeditasacandy.”SantaAnna給了兼職發(fā)明家ThomasAdams一些。ThomasAdams將口香糖改頭換面，將其作為一種糖果推向市場(chǎng)?？芍猅homasAdams把SantaAnna給他的樹膠變成了口香糖。故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“BlibberBlubberwastoostickyanditwasalsotoodifficulttoremovetheburstbubblefromone'sskinwithoutusingsomespecialtools.”BlibberBlubber太粘了，不使用一些特殊的工具就很難把皮膚上破裂的泡沫去除?？赏浦?yàn)锽libberBlubber的特性，BlibberBlubber最不受歡迎。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Pinkwastheonlycolorwhichcouldbeusedatthetime,andDubbleBubblehasremainedpinkeversince.”粉紅色是當(dāng)時(shí)唯一可以使用的顏色，DubbleBubble從那時(shí)起一直保持粉紅色。可知當(dāng)DubbleBubble被發(fā)明出來的時(shí)候，它的特別之處是它是粉色的。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ahistoryofbubblegumjustwouldn'tbecompletewithoutmentioningthegumballmachine,whichpopularizedgum.Thefirstgumballmachinecameontothescenein1907andsoldsugar-coatedchewinggum.”泡泡糖的歷史如果不提到普及了泡泡糖的口香糖機(jī)就不完整了。1907年，第一臺(tái)口香糖機(jī)問世，并開始銷售涂了糖衣的口香糖。以及文章的主要內(nèi)容是圍繞著泡泡糖的歷史展開，可知本文主要介紹泡泡糖的歷史。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Therearearound600,000vegans(素食者)intheUK.That'sjustover1%ofthepopulation—anamountexpectedtoincreaseto25%by2025.Andifthere'sonetypeoffoodthatBritslove,itisfastfood.PeopleintheUKloveitsomuchthattherewasa34%increaseinthenumberoffastfoodoutletsfrom2010to2018.It'snosurprise,then,thatveganfastfoodisalsoontherise.

Veganfastfoodhasbecomebigbusiness.AtJustEat,anonlinefooddeliverycompany,veganordersmorethandoubledin2018.Greggs,achainofhigh-streetbakeries,nameditsvegansausagerollthe"fastest-sellingproductinsixyears".AndbigfranchisessuchasMcDonald'sandKFChaveannouncedmeat-freechickennuggets(雞塊)tocomeinthefuture.

What's.drivingthispopularity?KatrinaFox,founderofVeganBusinessMedia,believesit'stheresultofthebreakingdownofstereotypes(成見)."Veganfoodisnolongerseenasabitoflettuceandlentils—youcaneatprettymuchanything".

It'salsoclaimedthattherearehealthbenefits.JohnMarulanda,ownerofMooshiesisaveganburgerbarinLondon—wantstoimplement"achangetoahealthyversionoffastfood.Something,heclaims,thatcomesasaresultoftheinherentnutritionalvalueoftheingredientstheyuse.

But,isveganfastfoodactuallyhealthy?AzminaGovindjioftheBritishDieteticAssociationsays"nottoassume"thatisthecase,"It'sfineifthoseproductshavegotvitaminB12,iodineorcalciumaddedtothem,buttheycanstillbefried,itcanstillhavelotsofcreamy,fattysaucesandlotsofsalt.

Giventhecurrentgrowthinorders,thetrendforveganfastfoodisn'tlikelytodisappearanytimesoon,Health—wise,itmaynotbeanymorenourishingthanregularfastfood,butformany,thelackofanimalsufferinginvolvedintheprocessisabigplus.（1）What'sthemainideaofParagraph1?A.VegansintheUKareincreasing.B.Britishpeoplelovejunkfood.C.Eatingtoomuchfastfoodisbadforhealth.D.VeganfastfoodisbecomingpopularinBritain.（2）Whichmightbethereasonforthepopularityofveganfastfood?A.Itsuniqueflavors.B.Thechangeoflifepace.C.Itshealthbenefits.D.Itscolorfuldecorations.（3）WhatisAzminaGovindji'sopinionaboutveganfastfood?A.Itisnotsohealthy.B.Itismorevaried.C.Itismorenutritious.D.Itwillsoondisappear.（4）Whydomanypeopletendtoveganfastfoodaccordingtothelastsentence?A.Tokeepabalanceddiet.B.Forreligiousreasons.C.Outoftheloveforanimals.D.It'scheaperthanregularfood.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，素食快餐在英國(guó)越來越受歡迎，文章陳述了它受歡迎的潛在原因。于此同時(shí)，也有人認(rèn)為素食快餐并沒有那么健康，可能人們選擇素食快餐是出于對(duì)動(dòng)物的愛。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“It'snosurprise,then,thatveganfastfoodisalsoontherise.”毫無以外，素食快餐也在增加，可知，本段主要講述隨著快餐在英國(guó)的增加，素食快餐也在增加，即素食快餐在英國(guó)變得越來越受歡迎。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“It'salsoclaimedthattherearehealthbenefits.”它還聲稱對(duì)健康有益)可知，素食快餐流行的原因之一是對(duì)健康有好處。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“AzminaGovindjioftheBritishDieteticAssociationsays‘nottoassume’thatisthecase,"It'sfineifthoseproductshavegotvitaminB12,iodineorcalciumaddedtothem..buttheycanstillbefried,itcanstillhavelotsofcreamy,fattysaucesandlotsofsalt.”英國(guó)飲食協(xié)會(huì)的AzminaGovindji說，“不要假設(shè)”是這樣的情況，“如果這些產(chǎn)品含有維生素B12就好了，加入碘或鈣。但是它們?nèi)匀皇怯驼?，仍然有許多奶油、脂肪和很多鹽。”可推測(cè)，AzminaGovindji認(rèn)為素食快餐并沒有那么健康，因?yàn)樗鼈內(nèi)匀挥脕碛驼?，含有大量脂肪和鹽。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Health-wise,itmaynotbeanymorenourishingthanregularfastfood,butformany，thelackofanimalsufferinginvolvedintheprocessisabigplus.”在健康方面，它可能不會(huì)比普通快餐更營(yíng)養(yǎng)，但對(duì)于很多人來說，在整個(gè)過程中沒有動(dòng)物受苦是一大好處，可知，很多人選擇素食快餐是因?yàn)闆]有動(dòng)物的痛苦在里面，故推測(cè)他們是出于對(duì)動(dòng)物的愛而選擇素食快餐的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Fordecades,doctorshavewarnedpatientsthattoomuchsaltcanbebadfortheheart.Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.

Saltismadeupoftwoelements:sodiumandchlorine.Dietaryguidelinesrecommendthatadultsandkidsaged9—13shouldn'tconsumemorethanaboutateaspoonofsaltdaily.TheaverageAmericaneatstwicethisamount.Thisworriesdoctorsbecausetoomuchsodiumresultsinthebodyproducingmoreblood.Topumptheextrablood,thehearthastoworkharder.Thiscausesariseinbloodpressureameasurementofhowstressedtheheartis.Highbloodpressureoftenleadstoheartdisease.

Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.Drinkingfewerfizzydrinksmakeskidslesslikelytogainweight,becomeobeseanddevelophighbloodpressure.

Saltcanaffectmorethanjustyourheartandweight.ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.

Cuttingdownonsaltcanbehard,butyoucanretrainyourselftopreferlesssaltyfood.Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(調(diào)味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.Youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatthereare1,150mgofsodiuminadoublecheeseburger,andover2,000mginmanyfrozenmeals.（1）Whatistheauthor'smajorconcern?A.Childreneattoomuchsaltyfood.B.Manyadultssufferfromheartattack.C.Americansconsumetoomuchsalt.D.Heartattackisnowayouthproblem.（2）Whatdoestheauthorrefertoasthecauseofchildhoodobesity?A.Eatingmoresaltyfood.B.Lackofphysicalexercise.C.Drinkingmanysugarysoftdrinks.D.Eatingthesamefoodastheadults.（3）WhatisanotherdiseasetendingtobeyoungeraccordingtoParagraph4?A.Obesity.B.Kidneystone.C.Blooddisease.D.Heartattack.（4）WhatisParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thelawsofhealth.B.Howtocutdownonsalt.C.Healthydiet.D.Theamountofsaltweneed.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了鹽對(duì)心臟有影響的原因，以及人們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪斜３值望}的生活方式。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Heatattackhaslongbeenconsideredagrown-upproblem,butanewresearchsuggeststhatsaltisstartingtoaffectchildren.Eatingtoomuchsaltyfoodwhenyou'reyoungcanleadtohealthproblemslater.”長(zhǎng)期以來，心臟病被認(rèn)為是成年人的問題，但一項(xiàng)新的研究表明，鹽開始影響兒童。年輕時(shí)吃太多咸的食物會(huì)導(dǎo)致以后的健康問題；以及第三段中的“Akidwithhighbloodpressureismorelikelytobecomeagrown-upwithhighbloodpressure.”一個(gè)有高血壓的孩子更有可能成為一個(gè)有高血壓的成年人，可知，文章作者特別擔(dān)心孩子食用過咸的食物導(dǎo)致心臟病和高血壓。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Reducingsaltmightalsohelpstopchildhoodobesity(肥胖).Britishresearchersrecentlyfoundthatkidswhoeatlesssaltalsodrinkfewersugarysoftdrinks.”減少鹽可能有助于阻止兒童長(zhǎng)胖。英國(guó)的研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)吃鹽少的孩子喝的含糖飲料也更少，可知，作者認(rèn)為吃多鹽食品和喝過多含糖的軟飲料也會(huì)使孩子長(zhǎng)胖。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“ArecentstudyfoundthatagrowingnumberofkidsintheUSaresufferingfromkidneystones.Thispainfulconditionusuallyaffectspeopleagedover40.Now,kidsasyoungasfivearegettingit.”最近一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越多的美國(guó)孩子正在患腎結(jié)石。這種痛苦的病通常只在40歲以上的人才患，現(xiàn)在五歲的孩子也在遭受這種疾病，可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在腎結(jié)石這種病正在變得年輕化。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第五段中的“Thebestwaytoreducetheamountofsodiumyoueatistomakechangesgradually.Startbyaddinghalfasmuchsalttoyourdinnerasyounormallydo.Switchtofreshfoodsinsteadofcannedandbottledversions.Andgoeasyonthecondiments(調(diào)味品).Youmightalsowanttostartreadingnutritionlabels.”減少鈉攝入量的最好方法是逐漸改變。先在晚餐中加入平時(shí)一半的食鹽。食用新鮮食品而非罐裝或者瓶裝食品。少放些調(diào)味品。你可能也要閱讀營(yíng)養(yǎng)標(biāo)簽?？芍?，本段提供了一些可以減少食鹽攝入量的方法。故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Howdoyouspendyourtime？Togetit,PaulT.Rankinaskedsixty-eightindividualstokeepanaccurate,detailedrecordofwhattheydideveryminuteoftheirwakinghours.Hediscoveredthat70percentoftheirwakingtimewasspentononethingonly-communication.PutthatevidencealongsidetheresearchfindingsuncoveredbytheHumanEngineeringLaboratories,theydiscoveredthat,vocabulary,morethananyotherfactoryetknown,predictsfinancialsuccess.Newwordsmakeusbetterthinkersaswellascommunicators.Whatbetterreasonforbeginningrightnowtoextendyourvocabulary？Buthow？

Hybrid(雜交產(chǎn)生的)corncombinesthebestqualitiesofseveralvarietiestoensuremaximumproductivity.Ahybridapproachtovocabularyshould,inthesameway,ensuremaximumresults.That'swhyyoushouldusetheCPDformula.

ThroughContext.Whenstudentsinacollegeclasswereaskedwhatshouldbedonewhentheycameacrossanunknownwordintheirreading,84percentsaid,"Lookitupinthedictionary."Ifyoudo,however,youshort-circuittheverymental