[語法初識(shí)]原句感知自主探究①Butnowhisrestaurantoughttobefullofpeople.②Doesyourfatherneedanyhelp?③Whatdoweneedtotakeforthepicnic?④Thereisenoughtime.Youneedn'thurry.⑤Hismotherisill.Hehastostayathometolookafterher.⑥SomethingterriblemusthavehappenedifLiChangwasnotingtoeatinhisrestaurantashealwaysdid.(1)以上句子中，句①④⑤⑥中的黑體詞都是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而句②③中的黑體詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。(2)以上各句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后都接動(dòng)詞原形。其中句⑥中must_have_happened的意思是“一定已經(jīng)發(fā)生了”。(3)上述句子中ought_to意為“應(yīng)該”；need意為“需要”；hasto意為“不得不”。[語法剖析]語法點(diǎn)一oughtto的用法1．“應(yīng)該”，表示責(zé)任或義務(wù)。用于表示按道理應(yīng)當(dāng)，常指客觀的義務(wù)或責(zé)任，大多數(shù)情況下可用should代替，但比should語氣重。I'mhisteacher.Ioughttotakecareofhim.我是他的老師，我應(yīng)該照顧他。Ishouldhelpherbecausesheisintrouble.她有困難了，我應(yīng)該幫助她。2．“應(yīng)該”，表示勸告、建議或命令。should和oughtto可通用，但在疑問句中常用should。oughtto的否定式為oughtn'tto或oughtnotto。Yououghttobemorecarefulwhenyoucrosstheroadnexttime.下次過馬路時(shí)，你應(yīng)該更小心些。ShouldIopenthewindow?我可以打開窗戶嗎？3．“應(yīng)該”，表示推測(cè)?？膳cshould換用。Itisalready9o'clock;heoughttobeinhisofficenow.已經(jīng)9點(diǎn)了，現(xiàn)在他應(yīng)該在他辦公室了。Thisiswheretheoiloughtto/shouldbe.這里應(yīng)該就是石油存在的地方。即時(shí)演練1用oughtto完成句子①他不應(yīng)該缺席這么重要的會(huì)議。Heoughtn't/ought_not_to_beabsentfromsuchanimportantmeeting.②——我明天該動(dòng)身嗎？——是的，你應(yīng)該?！狾ught_I_to_leavetomorrow?—Yes,you_ought_to．③你應(yīng)該比你哥哥學(xué)習(xí)更努力。Youought_to_work_harderthanyourbrother.語法點(diǎn)二need的用法1．作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(1)need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，只能用于疑問句、否定句或條件句中，意為“需要”?！狽eedIetomorrow?—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.——我明天需要來嗎？——是的，你必須來。/不，沒必要。(2)needn't意為“不必”，表示客觀上不必如何。Weneedn'thurry,forthere'splentyoftime.我們不必這么匆忙，因?yàn)闀r(shí)間很充裕。2．作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后可接名詞、動(dòng)名詞、不定式等，有人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。Thedoorneedspainting.＝Thedoorneedstobepainted.那扇門需要油漆一下。即時(shí)演練2用need或must完成句子①你現(xiàn)在不必去那兒。Youneedn'tgotherenow.②——他有必要留在這兒?jiǎn)幔俊堑?，他必須?不，他不必要?！狽eedhestayhere?—Yes,hemust．/No,heneedn't．語法點(diǎn)三haveto的用法1．haveto“不得不”，有時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化，其否定形式為don't/doesn't/didn'thaveto。Thelastbusleft,andhehastowalkhome.最后一班車走了，他只好步行回家。Wedon'thavetogotoschoolonSundays.星期天我們不用去上學(xué)。2．haveto表示一種客觀的需要，而must表示一種主觀的需要。Ihavetoattendanimportantmeetingthisafternoon.今天下午我不得不參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。Imustwritealettertotheheadteacher.我非得給校長(zhǎng)寫封信不可。即時(shí)演練3用haveto完成句子①天色太晚了，我現(xiàn)在得回家了。It'stoolate,soIhave_to_go_homenow.②他們沒有必要擔(dān)心核輻射。Theydon't_have_to_worry_aboutthenuclearradiation.③你沒有必要買禮物，但如果你想買的話，你也可以買。Youdon't_have_to_buy_a_gift,_butyoucanifyouwantto.語法點(diǎn)四情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”表示對(duì)過去事情的推測(cè)。具體用法如下表：can/couldhavedone本能做而未做should/oughttohavedone本該做而未做may/mighthavedone本可能做而未做wouldhavedone本來要做而未做musthavedone一定已經(jīng)做了needn'thavedone本不必做而做了Theycouldhavesentupthesatellitesuccessfully.他們本來有能力成功發(fā)射這顆衛(wèi)星的。Yououghtto/shouldhavestudiedharder.你本應(yīng)該更努力學(xué)習(xí)的。MarymighthavelearnedsomeChinesebefore.瑪麗以前可能已學(xué)過一些中文了。IfIhadachance,Iwouldhavesetoffonajourneyroundtheworld.要是有機(jī)會(huì)，我早就環(huán)游世界了。TheymusthavebeentotheGreatWall,haven'tthey?他們一定是去了長(zhǎng)城，不是嗎？Ineedn'thavetakentheumbrella,fortheweatherisfine.天氣這么好，我本沒有必要帶雨傘的。即時(shí)演練4用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone”完成句子①Yououghtn't_to/shouldn't_have_written(本不應(yīng)該寫)sofast.②Youneedn't_have_referred_to(本不必提起)it,forIhadknownaboutit.③Heshould_have_finished(本應(yīng)該完成)hishomeworkinsuchalongtime.④Hemust_have_attended(肯定參加了)thepartylastnight.[鏈接高考]完成句子1．(2016·浙江高考)Georgecan't_have_gonetoofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.喬治不可能走太遠(yuǎn)。他的咖啡還是熱的呢。2．(2016·北京高考)Ilovetheweekend,becauseIneedn't_get_up_earlyonSaturdaysandSundays.我喜歡周末，因?yàn)橹芰椭苋瘴也槐卦缙稹?．(2016·北京高考)Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek？Ifyouhadtoldme,Icould_have_helped．你上周為什么不把你的困難告訴我呢？如果你告訴了我，我就可能幫你了。4．(2015·福建高考)—Sorry,Mum!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.—Oh,it'stoobad.Youshould_have_made_full_preparations．——對(duì)不起，媽媽！我工作面試又失敗了?！?，太糟糕了。你本應(yīng)該做充足的準(zhǔn)備。5．(2015·天津高考)Ineedn't_have_worriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmateshereareveryfriendlytome.來新學(xué)校之前我本沒有必要擔(dān)心，我這里的同班同學(xué)對(duì)我很友好。6．(2015·湖南高考)Thatis,youshouldn't_always_rely_just_ontheInternetforyourresearch.也就是說，你不應(yīng)該總是僅僅依靠網(wǎng)絡(luò)做研究。7．(2015·浙江高考)Itwassonoisythatwecouldn't_hear_ourselves_speak．這里如此吵鬧以至于我們聽不見自己講話。[針對(duì)演練]Ⅰ.選詞填空1．—MustIfinishthetaskrightnow?—No,youdon't_have_to．(don'thaveto/mustn't)2．It'ssonear;weshouldn'thavetakenataxi.(shouldn't/can't)3．Yououghtn't_tohavespentsomuchtimeplayingputergames.(mustn't/oughtn'tto)4．—ShallIleavetheroomsothatyoutwocantalk?—No,youneedn't．(mustn't/needn't)5．Hecan'thavemissedthetrain;hearrivedatthetrainstationtwohoursearly.(can't/mustn't)6．Youmustn'tgotherealone;it'stoodangerous.(mustn't/needn't)7．Theyhad_tostayintheofficelastnightbecauseofthesnowstorm.(haveto/must)8．Weshouldhavehelpedhim;inthatcase,hewouldhavebeenabletofinishthework.(should/can)9．Hefinishedalltheworkhimself;infact,hecouldhaveaskedhisfriendsforhelp.(need/could)10．SomethingterriblemusthavehappenedifLiChangwasnotingtoeatinhisrestaurantashealwaysdid.(haveto/must)Ⅱ.完成句子1．(江蘇高考作文)Immediateactionsought_to/should_be_taken,_likestoppingcuttingdowntrees,tobettertheenvironment.應(yīng)該立刻采取措施，像阻止伐樹，改善環(huán)境。2．(湖北高考作文)Mymindlesswordsmust_have_hurt_himdeeply.無心的話肯定深深地傷害了他。3．Weought_to_stoppollutingnature.我們應(yīng)該停止污染大自然。4．Youneedn't_esoearly.你不必來這么早。5．Mr.Smithcan't_have_gone_to_Beijing,_forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去了北京，因?yàn)槲覄偛旁趫D書館看到他了。6．It'stimeforthemeeting.Ihave_to_gonow.開會(huì)時(shí)間到了，我不得不走了。7．Yououghtn't_to_have_spentallthatmoneyonsuchafoolishthing.你本來不該把那筆錢花在這種傻事上。8．Youmadeamistakeagain;youcould_have_beenmorecareful.你又犯錯(cuò)了，你本能更仔細(xì)些的。9．—Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishthepaperyesterday.—Oh，youshould_have_doneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.——抱歉，史密斯教授。昨天我沒完成講義?！叮惚驹撟鐾甑?，因?yàn)樽蛱炀褪亲詈笃谙蕖?0．—MustIreturnthebookaweeklater?—Oh,no.You_needn't/don't_have_to.——我必須一周后還書嗎？——哦，不必。Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)warm.WhensterdaymorningthatIwentcampingwithfive