【英語】高一英語專題匯編閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)(一)一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

AgainstthesuppositionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiawarmtheclimate,scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.

Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforesttolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions.Usuallylargefiresdestroyedforestsintheseareasoverthepastdecade.Scientistspredictthatwithclimatewarming,firesmayoccurmorefrequentlyovernextseveralcenturiesasaresultofalongerfireseason.Sunlighttakeninbytheearthtendstocausewarming,whileheatmirroredbackintospacetendstocausecooling.

Thisisthefirststudytoanalyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimate.Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.

Scientistsfoundthatrightafterthefire,largeamountsofgreenhousegasesenteredtheatmosphereandcausedwarming.Ozone(臭氧)levelsincreased,andashfromthefirefellonfar-offseaice,darkeningthesurfaceandcausingmoreradiationfromthesuntobetakenin.Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.

"Weneedtofindoutallpossiblewaystoreducethegrowthofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere."Scientiststrackedthechangeinamountofradiationenteringandleavingtheclimatesystemasaresultofthefire,andfoundameasurementcloselyrelatedtotheglobalairtemperature.Typically,fireinnorthernregionsoccursinthesameareaevery80to150years.Scientists,however,foundthatwhenfireoccursmorefrequently,moreradiationislostfromtheearthandcoolingresults.Specifically,theydeterminedwhenfirereturns20yearsearlierthanpredicated,0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.Theneteffectiscooling.Wattsareusedtomeasuretherateatwhichenergyisgainedorlostfromtheearth.（1）Accordingtothenewfindings,takingstepstopreventnorthernforestfiresmay________.A.

resultinawarmingclimate

B.

causetheforestfirestooccurmorefrequentlyC.

leadtoalongerfireseason

D.

protecttheforestsandtheenvironmentthere（2）ThefollowingarealltheimmediateeffectsafteraforestfireEXCEPT________.A.

largeamountsofgreenhousegasesentertheatmosphereB.

thelevelsofozonewhichisatypeofoxygenincreaseC.

snowonthegroundmirrorsmoresunlightbackintospaceD.

ashesfromthefirefallontheicesurfaceandtakeinmoreradiationfromthesun（3）Earlierstudiesaboutnorthernforestfires________.A.

analyzeallaspectsofhownorthernfiresinfluenceclimateB.

indicatethatforestfireswillpollutetheatmosphereC.

suggestthatpeopleshouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironmentD.

suggestthatthefireswillspeedupclimatewarming（4）Theunderlinedphrase"soakup"inthelastparagraphmostprobablymeans________.A.

released

B.

absorbed

C.

created

D.

distributed（5）FromthepassagewecandrawaconclusionthatforestfiresinAlaska,CanadaandSiberiamay________.A.

warmtheclimateasthesuppositiongoesB.

allowmoresnowtoreflectmoresunlightintospaceandthuscooltheclimateC.

destroylargeareasofforestsandpollutethefar-offseaiceD.

helptogainmoreenergyratherthanreleasemoreenergy【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）D（4）B（5）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了阿拉斯加、加拿大和西伯利亞的森林大火使氣候變暖，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在燃燒的樹木允許更多的雪將更多的陽光反射到太空的地區(qū)可能會發(fā)生冷卻。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thisfindingsuggeststhattakingstepstopreventnorthernforestfirestolimitthereleaseofgreenhousegasesmaywarmtheclimateinnorthernregions”這樣的措施最終導(dǎo)致了北部地區(qū)的氣候變暖。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thefollowingspring,however,thelandwithintheareaofthefirewasbrighterthanbeforethefire,becausefewertreescoveredtheground.Snowonthegroundmirroredmoresunlightbackintospace,leadingtocooling.”可知地上的雪反射陽光這是大火的間接的影響，是在第二年春天的時候發(fā)生的事情，并不是immediateeffects。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Earlierstudiesbyotherscientistshavesuggestedthatfireinnorthernregionsspeedupclimatewarmingbecausegreenhousegasesfromburningtreesandplantsarereleasedintotheatmosphereandthustrapheat.”可知早期關(guān)于北方森林火災(zāi)的研究建議大火將加速氣候變暖，故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的““0.5wattspersquaremeterofareaburnedaresoakedupbytheearthfromgreenhousegases,but0.9wattspersquaremeterwillbesentbackintospace.”可知該詞與sendback該詞相反的意思，故應(yīng)該指吸收，因為sendback指反射。故選B。（5）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“scientistshavediscoveredthatcoolingmayoccurinareaswhereburnttreesallowmoresnowtomirrormoresunlightintospace.”可知從這個研究中得到的結(jié)論是B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Movinginwithaboyfriendcauseswomentoeatmoreunhealthilyandputonweight.Buttheoppositeistrueformen,whoselong-termhealthbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner.

DieticiansatNewcastleUniversitysaidbothpartnerstrytopleaseoneanother,andsochangetheirdietaryhabitstosuittheirotherhalf.

Itleadsmentoeatmorelightmeals,suchassalads,fruitandvegetables,whilewomenchoosetomakecreamier,heavierdishescurryorrichpastasauces,whichmaypleasetheirpartner.Womenstillhavethestrongestlong-terminfluenceoverthecouple'sdietandlifestyle,astheystillhavethetraditionalroleofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds.

Thereport,byNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,reviewedthefindingofavarietyofresearchprojectsfromtheUK,NorthAmericaandAustralia,whichlookedattheeatingandlifestylehabitsofcouples.

Theresearchshowsthatwomenaremorelikelytoputonweightandincreasetheirconsumptionoffoodshighinfatandsugarwhentheymoveinwiththeirpartner

Womenalsousefoodasacomfortwhendealingwithemotionalstressandhavebeenfoundtogainweightwhenarelationshipends,whilethesamefindinghasnotbeenobservedinmen.

Manycouplesreportedfoodasbeingcentraltotheirpartnership,andeatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.

ReportauthorandregistereddieticianDr.AmeliaLakesaid,"Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration."（1）Accordingtothepassage,movinginwithagirlfriend,men________.A.

havefewchangesoftheirdietaryhabits

B.

havetoeatmoreunhealthyfoodsC.

don'tlikefoodshighinfatandsugaratall

D.

trytoeatfoodsthattheirgirlfriendslike（2）Theunderlinedword"light"(inParagraph4)probablymeans________.A.

notveryheavy

B.

lessinfatandsugar

C.

gentle

D.

notseriousorimportant（3）AccordingtothereportbyNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,________.A.

womenputonweightonlybecausetheywanttosuittheirotherhalfB.

whenmenarefacedwithemotionalstress,theywillchangetheirdietaryhabitsC.

eatingtogetherintheeveningisagoodwaytocommunicateforcouplesD.

itiswrongtochangeyourdietaryhabitstosuityourpartner（4）Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.A.

womenshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirpartner'sinfluenceonthemB.

moremenwillplayrolesofshopperandcookinmosthouseholdsC.

coupleswillnotchangetheirdietaryhabitsandlifestyletopleasetheirpartnerD.

long-termhealthofmenbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner（5）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Don'tbesillyanymore,women!

B.

Whicharebetterdietaryhabits?C.

Boyfriendsmakeyoufat

D.

Dr.AmeliaLakeandhisstudy【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的營養(yǎng)學(xué)專家的研究表明，同居讓女人發(fā)胖讓男人更健康。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“whichmaypleasetheirpartner”可知，男女雙方會改變自己的飲食習(xí)慣來迎合對方，因此男士會吃他的女伴喜歡吃的食物。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“salads,fruitandvegetables”可推斷，light在此是“清淡的”的意思，脂肪和糖的含量比較少。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“eatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.”晚上一起吃飯對許多人來說特別重要，可知選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration.”研究表明你的伴侶對你的生活方式有很大的影響,那些試圖過上健康生活的人應(yīng)該考慮到這一因素?？蛇xA。（5）考查主旨大意。紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的營養(yǎng)學(xué)專家的研究表明，同居讓女人發(fā)胖讓男人更健康。C項幽默風(fēng)趣，能吸引讀者的注意，并切中文章的主題。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。

Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.

Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".

Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.

Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.

Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二極管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.

Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Screendevicesonthemarket.

B.

Foldableageisarriving.C.

Possiblepowersofatablet.

D.

Foldablescreensareimperfect.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?A.

Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.B.

TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.C.

Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.D.

Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.（3）Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?A.

Theyareeasytobreak.

B.

Theyareinconvenienttocarry.C.

Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.

D.

Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?A.

Worried.

B.

Cautious.

C.

Positive.

D.

Unconcerned.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了“可折疊手機的時代即將到來。”（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?”如果有一款具有平板電腦功能的手機，可以折疊起來，整齊地放在手里，那不是很棒嗎?；以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”現(xiàn)在，類似于平板形狀的可折疊手機即將問世?？芍疚闹黝}是“可折疊手機的時代即將到來。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison稱可折疊屏幕是“未來智能手機的基礎(chǔ)”?！斑@是一塊空白的畫布，我們可以一起做一些美好的事情。”“可知，我們能從賈斯汀·丹尼森的話中了解到“可折疊屏幕”具有很大的潛力?！惫蔬xA。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而，目前這些可折疊設(shè)備價格昂貴。例如華為MateX的價格是17500元人民幣。這是一個很少有人能負擔(dān)得起的價格?？芍?，目前可折疊手機大多數(shù)家庭都買不起。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果這種可折疊設(shè)備不能在一夜之間改變世界，那么毫無疑問，它將會到來?？芍?，作者對可折疊屏幕的未來持的態(tài)度是積極的。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Whileeverydogownerknowstheirdogscanreadtheirmoodsperfectly,scientistshavealwaysbeenalittledoubtful.NowthankstosomeresearchersattheUniversityofVeterinaryMedicineinVienna,Austria,wefinallyhavesomeconvincingevidence.

Fortheirstudy,biologistCorsonMillerandhisteamexposeselevenselecteddogstodigitalimagesofwomenthatwereeitherangryorhappy.Halfthedogswererewardedfortouchingthescreenwhenshownahappyface,whiletheotherhalfgottheirtreatforselectingthosethatappearedangry.

Interestingly,thedogswerenotprovidedwiththeentireface.Somedogswereshownonlyupperhalveswhiletheothersobservedlowerhalves.That'sbecausethescientistsbelievehumansshowtheiremotionsontheirentireface.

Aftersometraininglikehowtorecognizesmalldifferenceslikethewrinklesbetweentheeyesorthechangesintheirshapethataccompanythehappyorangryexpressions,thedogsweremostlyabletoidentifythecorrectexpressionnotonlyonafamiliarfacebutonastrangeface.Theresearchersconcludedthedogsweresmartenoughtoreadhumanemotions.

Theyalsofoundthosebeingtrainedtoreadangryexpressionstookalongertimetolearn.Theyguessitmaybebecausedogsfindangryfacesdisgusting,causingthemtowithdrawquickly.However,oncethesmartdogsrealizedtheyweregettingrewarded,thetrepidationseemedtodisappear.Infact,thedogshadsuchagoodtimeplayingthecomputer"game"Thatscientistshadahardtimekeepingthemawayfromthetouchscreensafterthestudywascompleted.

Theresearchersalsonoticedonlydogswithamaleownerhadahardertimeunderstandingtheexpressionscorrectly.Sincethetouch-screenmodelswereallfemales,thisconfirmedwhathasbeenobservedinpreviousstudiesdogsaremoreefficientatreadingfacialexpressionsofpeoplethatarethesamegenderastheirowner.（1）Howdidthescientistsconducttheexperiment?A.Byleavingdogstowomenwhoareeitherhappyorangry.B.Bymixingtheselecteddogstogether.C.ByrewardingonlyhalfofthedogstouchingthescreenD.Byshowingdigitalpicturesofwomen'shappyorangryfaces.（2）Theunderlinedword"trepidation"inParagraph5probablymeans________.A.fearandhesitationB.curiosityandeagernessC.excitementandhappinessD.doubtandsadness（3）Accordingtothelastparagraph,dogswithfemaleowners________.A.arefondofthemalefacesB.areuninterestedintellingtheemotionsontheentirefacesC.havedifficultytellingthemoodsonthefacesofmalesD.canonlyrecognizeemotionsoffemales（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.MoodChangesInfluenceDogsB.DogsIdentifytheMoodsC.dogsandTheirOwnersD.Dog'sMoodResearch【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，最新的實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，即狗能夠識別人的面部表情的變化。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的"FortheirstudybiologistCorsonMillerandhisteamexposedelevenselecteddogstodigitalimagesofwomenthatwereeitherangryorhappy."可知，實驗人員通過屏幕向這些狗展示了一組女性面部表情的照片，這些表情中既有快樂的，也有憤怒的。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的"Theyguessitmaybebecausedogsfindangryfacesdisgusting,causingthemtowithdrawquickly"以及"However"可知，與前面意思相反，以及劃線詞后的"disappear"可知"oncethesmartdogsrealizedtheyweregettingrewarded,thetrepidationseemedtodisappear.…"此句為，狗看到生氣的表情后會感到厭惡，并由此退縮，但是一旦聰明的狗意識到會有獎勵之后，它們的恐懼以及退縮就會消失。由此可判斷出A符合題意，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"......thisconfirmedwhathadbeenobservedinpreviousstudies―dogsaremoreefficientatreadingfacialexpressionsofpeoplethatarethesamegenderastheirowner"可知，狗擅長辨別與自己主人性別相同的人的表情，由此推斷，讓主人是女性的狗來辨別男性面部表情的圖片是比較困難的。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段提出文章的主旨即“每個狗的主人都知道他們的狗狗能很好地讀懂他們的情緒，但科學(xué)家們一直有點懷疑?，F(xiàn)在，有證據(jù)表明這是正確的”，接著在下文用硬實證明了這一點。因此本文的最好的題目就是“狗能識別人的情緒”。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Throughoutmuchofhumanhistory,manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things.Lengthsweredividedupintofeetandsmallerunitsfromthehumanhand.Othermeasureswereequallycharacteristic.Mediterraneantradersforcenturiesusedtheweightofgrainsofwheattodefine(定義)theirunitsofmass.TheRomansusedlibra,forerunnerofthepound,byreferringtotheweightofacarob(角豆樹)seed.

Thesizesofsimilarlynamedunitscouldalsodiffer.Theking'sfoot,usedinFrancefornearly1,000yearsafteritsintroductionbyCharlemagneinaround790AD,was,at32.5cm,aroundacentimetershorterthantheBelgicfoot,usedinEnglanduntil1300.Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,Norwasthereagreementonsuchthingswithincountries.InFrance,wheretherewasnounified(統(tǒng)一的)measurementsystematthenationallevel,thesituationwasparticularlyterrible.Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth.

AlthoughJohnWilkins,anEnglishman,firstputforwardadecimalsystem(十進制)ofmeasurementin1668,itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw.TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates.NowtheInternationalBureauofWeightsandMeasuresinParisissettogivethemetricsystemitsbiggestshake-upyet.

AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits,includingthekilogram,willfollowtheotherthree,includingthemetre,inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants(物理常數(shù)).Eachofthechosenconstantshasbeenmeasuredincrediblyprecisely,whichwouldmeanthatfromMay20th2019theconstantswillthemselvesbefixedattheircurrentvaluesforever.Anylaboratoryintheworldwillthenbeabletomeasure,forexample,themassofanobjectaspreciselyastheaccuracyoftheirequipmentwillallow.（1）WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytellus?A.Poundwentbeforelibrainmeasurement.B.Differentthingsusedtobeadoptedasmeasures.C.GrainswereacceptedasmeasuresbytheRomans.D.Fixedmeasurementsystemsweregraduallyformed.（2）Howdoestheauthordevelopthesecondparagraph?A.Intimeorder.B.Byanalysis.C.Inspaceorder.D.Bycomparison.（3）WhichofthefollowingcountriesusedSIasanofficialmeasurement?A.France.B.Liberia.C.America.D.Myanmar.（4）Whatwilltheworld'smeasurementbodiesachieveatthemeetingheldinVersailles?A.TheywillcomeupwithsevennewSIunits.B.TheywillsetMay20thasanewinternationalfestival.C.TheywillredefinefourSIunitsincludingthekilogram.D.Theywilldecideonanewmeasureusedinthelaboratory.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，法國凡爾賽宮舉辦的國際計量大會，將對目前使用的國際單位制中的四個基本單位進行重新定義，其中包括對千克的重新定義。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“manhasbeenthemeasureofmany,ifnotall,things”以及下文提到的用作計量單位的手、腳、谷物重量和參考角豆種子重量的磅可知，本段主要講述了不同的東西被用作計量單位。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Theking'sfoot...aroundacentimetreshorterthantheBelgicfoot”和“Greek,EgyptianandBabylonianversionsofwaterinafixedcontainervariedfromoneanotherbyafewkilos,以及Thelieue(formermeasureofdistance),forexample,variedfromjustover3kminthenorthtonearly6kminthesouth”可推知，本段作者主要運用了對比的寫作方法，把同一計量單位在不同國家之間或者在同一國家不同區(qū)域間的差異進行了說明。故選D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“itwastheFrenchwhoin1799madeitlaw和TheSystèmeInternationald'Unités(SI,orthemetricsystem,asitisbetterknown)developedfromitandbecametheofficialmeasurementinallcountriesexceptMyanmar,LiberiaandtheUnitedStates”可知，在所給出的四個國家中，只有法國采用國際單位制(SI)。國際單位制是現(xiàn)時世界上最普遍采用的標(biāo)準度量衡單位系統(tǒng)，采用十進制進位系統(tǒng)。故選A。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“AtameetinginVersailles,France,onNovember16th,2018,theworld'smeasurementbodiesarealmostcertaintoapproveadecisionthatwillmeanfouroutofthesevenbaseSIunits...willfollowtheotherthree...inbeingredefinedintermsofthevaluesofphysicalconstants”可知，在法國凡爾賽宮召開的會議上，七個基本計量單位中的四個將被重新定義，其中包括對千克的重新定義。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．犇犇閱讀理解

"Actingistheleastmysteriousofallcrafts,"MarionBrandooncesaid.Butforscientists,workingoutwhatisgoingoninanactor'sheadhasalwaysbeensomethingofapuzzle.

Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.

DrStevenBrown,fromMcMasterUniversityinCanada,said,"Itlookslikewhenyouareacting,youaresuppressing(壓制)yourself;almostlikethecharacterispossessingyou."

Brownandcolleaguesreporthow15actors,mainlytheatrestudents,weretrainedtotakeonaShakespearerole—eitherRomeoorJuliet—inatheatreworkshop.Theyweretheninvitedintothelaboratory,wheretheirbrainswerescannedinaseriesofexperiments.

OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?Andwouldtheytelltheirparentsthattheyhadfalleninlove?

Eachactorwasaskedtorespondtodifferentquestions,basedontwodifferentpremises(前提).Inone,theywereaskedfortheirownperspective,whileintheother,theywereaskedtorespondasthoughtheywereeitherRomeoorJuliet.

Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.

Theteamsaidtheyalsofoundadditionalreductioninactivityintworegionsoftheprefrontalcortex(前額皮質(zhì))linkedtothesenseofself,comparedwithwhentheactorswererespondingasthemselves.

However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan"pretending"tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(體現(xiàn))thetextandlanguage.（1）HowdidDrBrown'steamconducttheirresearch?A.

Byscanningthebrainactivityofsomeactors.B.

Bydoingasurveywithsometheatregoers.C.

Byinterviewingsometheatreteachers.D.

Byconsultingsomeexperiencedresearchers.（2）WhatisthefindingofDrBrown'sresearch?A.

Actingisnotasmysteriousaspeoplethink.B.

Actors'brainactivitydifferswhentheyareacting.C.

Actingisfarmorethanpretendingtobethecharacter.D.

Actors'brainactivityismoreactivewhentheyareincharacter.（3）HowdidPhilipDavisreacttotheresearch?A.

Hesupportedit.

B.

Hedoubtedit.

C.

Heexplainedit.

D.

Headvocatedit.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Adebateofhowthebrainfunctions.B.

AplaywrittenbyShakespeare.C.

Aresearchonthebrainactivityofactors.D.

Areportofthecooperationofscientistsandactors.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項對于演員大腦活動的研究。現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?”一旦進入核磁共振掃描儀，演員們被要求回答一系列問題，比如:他們會去參加派對嗎?由此推斷出Brown博士的團隊是通過掃描一些演員的大腦活動進行他們的研究的，故選A。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.”結(jié)果顯示，大腦活動的不同取決于所測試的情境。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)演員在扮演角色時，他們會使用一些第三人稱知識或?qū)巧耐茢?。由此可知Brown博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，演員在表演時大腦活動是不同的，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan‘pretending’

tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(體現(xiàn))thetextandlanguage.”然而，利物浦大學(xué)教授PhilipDavis對這項研究并不以為然。他說，表演不僅僅是"假裝"成某個人，它還包括文本和語言的體現(xiàn)。由此推斷出PhilipDavis對這項研究持懷疑態(tài)度，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.”現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要介紹了一項對于演員大腦活動的研究，故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Expertsnotethatanunhealthylifestylecanputyouatgreatriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Sodoctorsurgeustoeathealthyfoods,getexercise,stopsmokingandlimitouralcoholintake.Butthereissomethingelseyoucando.Anditisfreeandeasy.Smile!

Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart."Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive."Hesayssmilingisthefirststepinfightingphysicalandemotionalstressanditssometimesharmfuleffectsonhumanhealth.ThisisnotjustNewAgeadvice.Severalstudiessupporthisopinion.

Whenyoufeelstressedorunderpressure,yourbodyreleasesmanynaturalhormones(荷爾蒙)includingadrenalineandcortisol.Adrenalineincreasesyourheartrateandbloodpressure.Cortisolisthebody'smainstresshormone.Itincreasessugari