（英語）高考英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)的基本方法技巧及練習題及練習題(含答案)一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Theclockalwaysseemstobetickingrathertoofastinthedoctor'sofficeandthequeueofpatientsoutsidethedoorseemstobepressingrathertoohard.Somesayit'shightimeforthemodelofshort,sharpone-to-oneappointmentstogivewaytosharedmedicalappointments(SMAs共享醫(yī)療預約).

SMAsaredoctor-patientvisitsinwhichagroupofpatientsreceivepatienteducationandcounseling(咨詢),physicalexaminationandmedicalsupportinagroupsetting.TypicallySMAsaredesignedtohaveoneormoredoctorsattendtoagroupofpatientswhoshareacommonillnessormedicalcondition.Incontrasttoone-to-onevisits,SMASprovidealongerappointmenttime-frameaswellastheopportunityforpatientstohaveimprovedaccesstotheirphysiciansandmeanwhilepickupadditionalinformationandsupportfrompeers.

However,doctorswhohavepioneeredthesharedappointmentapproachreportthattherearesignificantchallengesinvolved.Dr.Sumego,directorofsharedmedicalappointments,ClevelandClinic,identifiesculturechangeasthemostsignificantchallenge.Physiciansandnursesaretrainedinamodelofpersonalserviceandprivacy;theSMAapproachisafundamentalchallengetothosefixedideas.Theyneedsharedgoalsandawayoftestingtheinnovationagainstagreedstandards.Dr.Sumegosays,"Thephysiciansmaybeworriedaboutthepossiblechaosandefficienciesthataremarketed.Theyalsohavetomakethepatientsunderstandwhattheirappointmentis,andwhattheexpectationis."

"So,ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments,Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians,developthework-flowanddevelopsomeexperience.Providesomesupportbehindwhatthatbestpracticeshouldlooklike.Createsomestandardssothat,astheconceptspreads,youcanemploythatexperiencetostartthenextsharedmedicalappointmentsandthenext."（1）WhatisthepurposeoftheSMAapproach?A.

Toimprovemedicalservice.B.

Topromotedoctors'reputation.C.

Toconductmedicalresearch.D.

Tomeetpatients'expectation.（2）AccordingtoDr.Sumego,whatpreventstheSMAapproachfrombeingwidelyadopted?A.

Personalservice.

B.

Fixedideas.

C.

Lackofequipment.

D.

Sharedgoals.（3）Whatcantheunderlined"buy-in"inParagraph4bereplacedby?A.

practice

B.

organization

C.

purchase

D.

support（4）WhatcanbelearnedabouttheSMAapproachinthelastparagraph?A.

Itiscurrentlybeingquestioned.B.

Itisimpracticalinsomeareas.C.

Itwillenjoywidepopularitysoon.D.

Itshouldbecarriedoutstepbystep.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了SMAs(共享醫(yī)療預約)模式，以及這種模式面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Incontrasttoone-to-onevisits,SMAprovidealongerappointmenttime-frameaswellastheopportunityforpatientstohaveimprovedaccesstotheirphysiciansandmeanwhilepickupadditionalinformationandsupportfrompeers.”可知SMAs模式為患者提供了更長的預約時間，也為患者提供了更好地與醫(yī)生接觸的機會，同時還能從同行那里獲得額外的信息和支持。這說明SAMs的出現(xiàn)是為患者提供更好的醫(yī)療服務。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Dr.Sumego,directorofsharedmedicalappointments,ClevelandClinic,……personalserviceandprivacy;theSMAapproachisafundamentalchallengetothosefixedideas.”可知Dr.Sumego認為，文化轉變是最大的

挑戰(zhàn)。醫(yī)生和護士接受的是針對個人服務和隱私的培訓;SMAs方法是對這些固定想法的根本挑戰(zhàn)。也就是說，改變這些已經(jīng)固定的想法是一種挑戰(zhàn)，所以這些固定的想法會阻礙SMAs模式的推廣，故選B。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments，Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians”可知如果一個組織要尋求共享醫(yī)療模式的話，Dr.Sumego建議他們從一些優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)師開始他們的buy-in，根據(jù)語境，故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“So,ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments,Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians,developthe…appointmentsandthenext.”可知如果一個組織要開始SMAs，Dr.Sumego建議他們從一些優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)師開始，開發(fā)一些流程，積累一些經(jīng)驗。制定一些標準，以便隨著概念的推廣，他們可以利用這種經(jīng)驗開始下一次共享醫(yī)療預約然后將下次的經(jīng)驗用到下下次。這說明SMAs的實施需要一步一步來，不會一步到位。故選D?！军c評】本題考點涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

Beingabletolandsafelyisacriticallyimportantskillforallflyinganimals.Comparativelyspeaking,groundlivinganimalsfacenoparticularchallengewhentheyneedtostoprunningorcrawling,whileflyinganimalsmoveatmuchhigherspeed,andtheymustbecarefulabouthowtheyland.Hittingtheground,orevenwater,atfullflightspeedwouldbequitedangerous.Beforetouchingdown,theymustdecreasetheirspeedinordertolandsafely.Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently.

Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings.Inrecentyears,though,researchershavediscoveredanumberofinterestingfactsaboutbatflight.Batsarebuiltdifferentlyfrombirds,andtheirwingsaremadeupofboththeirfrontandhindlimbs(肢體).Thismakescoordinating(協(xié)調)theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances.However,theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo.

Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain.However,notallbatshittheirlandingspotswiththesamespeedandforce;thesewillvarydependingontheareawhereabatspeciesmakesitshome.Forexample,acavebat,whichregularlylivesonahardstoneceiling,ismorecarefulaboutitslandingpreparationthanabatmoreaccustomedtolandinginleafytreetops.（1）Whichofthefollowingisthetopicofthepassage?A.

Placeswhereflyinganimalschoosetoland.B.

Whyscientistshavedifficultyobservingbats.C.

Differencesintheeatinghabitsofbatsandbirds.D.

Waysinwhichbatsmovedifferentlyfrombirds.（2）Whichofthefollowingisafalseassumptionaboutbatsthatwasrecentlycorrected?A.

Theycannothearanysound.

B.

Theysleepupsidedown.C.

Theyflysimilarlytobirds.

D.

Theyhideintreebranches.（3）Theword"it"(in2ndparagraph)probablyrefersto"______".A.

thedistancetothenets

B.

thesenseofflyingheightC.

theflyingdirection

D.

theabilitytochangethespeed（4）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.

Batsmighthurtthemselveswhenlanding.

B.

Batscanhangupsidedownlikebirds.C.

Batscanadjustspeedbeforelanding.

D.

Batsandbirdslandindifferentways.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，作者用研究事實來證明蝙蝠在飛行及運動方式與鳥類完全不同。以前人們認為蝙蝠和鳥類在運動方面沒有什么區(qū)別，但現(xiàn)在的研究證明蝙蝠的構造不同于鳥類，它們的翅膀由前肢和后肢組成，它們自我調節(jié)能力好，可迅速改變飛行方向，或完全逆行，這是鳥類不容易做到的，而且蝙蝠飛行的另一個有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的！這不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥。（1）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的"Bothbatsandbirdshavemasteredtheskilloflanding,butthesetwotypesofflyersgoaboutitquitedifferently."提出了蝙蝠與鳥的降落方式及飛行的不同。第二段用研究證明過去認為蝙蝠和鳥類在飛行運動方面沒有什么區(qū)別是錯誤的。尤其是"theyaremuchbetterattheabilitytoadjustthemselves:abatcanquicklychangeitsdirectionofflightorcompletelyreverseit,somethingabirdcannoteasilydo"可知蝙蝠與鳥的運動不同；第三段中的"Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,…"再一次說明了蝙蝠與鳥運動方式的不同。綜上所述，可知，蝙蝠與鳥運動方式的不同是本文的主題。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"Inthepastitwasbelievedthat,intermsofflyingmechanics,therewaslittledifferencebetweenbatsandbirds.Thisbeliefwasbasedonlyonassumption,however,becauseforyearsnobodyhadactuallystudiedindetailhowbatsmovetheirwings…Thismakescoordinating(協(xié)調)theirlimbsmoredifficultforbatsand,asaresult,theyarenotverygoodatflyingoverlongerdistances."可推斷出，過去人們認為蝙蝠與鳥在飛行運動方式與鳥沒有區(qū)別，最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這是不正確的，故也是要糾正的，故選C。（3）考查代詞指代。劃線部分的上下文說"蝙蝠在自我調節(jié)的能力上要好得多：蝙蝠可以迅速改變飛行方向，或者完全與它（正飛行方向）相反的方向飛行，這是鳥不容易做到的。"由此可知，此處的"it"指的是飛行的方向。故選C。（4）考查推斷判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Anotherinterestingcharacteristicofbatflightisthewayinwhichbatsland-upsidedown!Unlikebirdswhichtouchdownonthegroundorontreebranches,batscanbeobservedflyingaroundandthensuddenlyhangingupsidedownfromanobjectoverhead.Onedownsidetothislandingroutineisthatthebatsoftenlandwithsomeforce,whichprobablycausespain."可知，蝙蝠飛行的另一個有趣特征是蝙蝠倒立著降落的方式！不同于那些降落在地上或樹枝上的鳥，觀察到蝙蝠可以四處飛行，然后突然倒掛在頭頂?shù)奈矬w上。這種降落方式的一個缺點是蝙蝠經(jīng)常用力降落，這可能會導致疼痛。因此蝙蝠與鳥不同，蝙蝠可以倒掛著。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，代詞指代和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

DelhihasbeenthecentreofasuccessionofmightyempiresandpowerfulkingdomsinIndia.Numerousruinsscatteredthroughouttheterritoryofferaconstantreminderofthearea'shistory,whichmakesthecityalwaysbeafascinatingplacefortourists.

Withthedevelopmentofthecityandmoreandmorepeoplemoving,thecityhasexpandedseveraltimesinsize.ThatiswhyitiscalledNewDelhi.NewDelhi,acitywithapopulationofover20millionpeople,hasitsnewestproblem:neverbeforehasthiscitymetwiththeworstairproblem.

AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.

Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.

NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.FireworksandfirecrackerstocelebratetheHindufestivalofDiwalithenarrives,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.

Thecity'sairqualityindex,whichmeasuresamixofdangerouspollutants,registeredanaveragescoreof494Sunday.Thatisthehighest24-houraveragesinceNov.6,2016,whenithit497,accordingtodatameasuredbytheCentralPollutionControlBoard.（1）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.DiwaliisoneofthemostimportantfestivalsinIndia.B.Thegovernmentdidlittletoprotectitscitizensagainsttheseriouspollution.C.SuchaseriousairpollutioninNewDelhiappearsonaregularbasis.D.Theindexoftherecentairpollutionisnottheworstinthehistory.（2）Whomaynotcomplainabouttheseriousairpollution?A.Theparentswhosechildrenhavetostayathome.B.Thepilotswhoseplaneshavebeendivertedordelayed.C.Themanufacturerswhoproduceantipollutionmasks.D.Theofficialswhohavetoworkoutoftheiroffices.（3）Whichofthefollowingphrasescanreplacetheunderlinedwordinparagraph5?A.Sentout.B.Sentup.C.Sentin.D.Senton.（4）Thetitleofthepassageshouldbe

.A.ProblemsCausedbytheDevelopmentofNewDelhiB.DangerousPollutionEnvelopsNewDelhiC.AntipollutionMasksAreinGreatNeedinNewDelhiD.FarmersintheNeighboringStatesaretoBlameforBurningCropStubble【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動，城市規(guī)模的擴大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但由于污染嚴重，整個新德里處于危險的污染中，人們必須戴防污口罩，冬天天氣寒冷污染物成霧霾，成為世界是污染最嚴重的城市。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段“AirpollutioninIndianscapitalsurgedtoitsworstlevelsinyears,coveringthecityinathicksmogthathasbecomeanannualpublic-healthemergencydespitegovernmentvowstosolvetheproblem.”印度首都的空氣污染飆升至多年來最嚴重的水平，籠罩著這座城市的濃霧已成為年度公共衛(wèi)生緊急事件，盡管政府誓言要解決這個問題；第五段“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdust...,leavingDelhitheworld'smostpollutedcity.”新德里每年都會被污染吞沒，隨著天氣變冷，汽車和以煤為基礎的發(fā)電廠排放的污染物、建筑工地和道路上飄動的灰塵，以及鄰國農(nóng)作物秸稈燃燒產(chǎn)生的煙霧，都會形成濃霧。慶祝印度排燈節(jié)的煙花爆竹隨后到達，使德里現(xiàn)在成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市；以及第四段中的“Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”在學校、學院、醫(yī)院和市場上分發(fā)了數(shù)以百萬計的防污口罩。可知，政府盡管發(fā)誓解決這種污染，但情況不僅沒有改變，反而更加嚴重，使得人們必須佩戴防毒口罩。由此可判斷出政府幾乎沒有保護其公民免受嚴重污染。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“Hundredsofflightswerediverted,delayedandcanceledovertheweekendduetopoorvisibility,schoolsandofficeswereclosedMondayandofficialsrushedtotakeemergencymeasurestotrytoreversetheerodingairquality.Millionsofantipollutionmasksweredistributedatschools,colleges,hospitalsandmarkets.”周末期間，由于能見度低，數(shù)百架航班被迫改道、延誤和取消，學校和辦公室周一關閉，官員們緊急采取措施，試圖扭轉不斷惡化的空氣質量。學校、大學、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個防污染口罩。由此可知，由于污染嚴重，學校、大學、醫(yī)院和市場分發(fā)了數(shù)百萬個防污染口罩。所以生產(chǎn)防污染口罩的廠家要加大生產(chǎn)，是不會抱怨的，故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的“NewDelhi,isengulfedeachyearastheweathercoolsandathickhazebuildsupfromthepollutantsemittedfromcarsandcoal-basedpowerplants,swirlingdustfromconstructionsitesandroadsandsmokefromcropstubbleburninginneighboringstates.”本句是說新德里每年都籠罩在污染中。因為天氣變冷，從汽車和以煤為基礎的發(fā)電廠“emitted”的污染物形成了厚厚的霧霾。根據(jù)常識可知，汽車和用煤發(fā)電的發(fā)電廠會“排放或釋放”污染物的。由此可判斷“emitted”是排放的意思。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。本文敘述了隨著城市的發(fā)展和越來越多的人口流動，城市規(guī)模的擴大，印度的新德里成為世界上污染最嚴重的城市。雖然政府發(fā)誓解決污染問題，但周末的能見度低，數(shù)百架航班在周末改道、延誤和取消，學校和辦公室周一關閉，人們必須戴防污口罩，可知，新德里被嚴重的污染所籠罩。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

DarrellBlatchley,amarinebiologistandenvironmentalistbasedinthePhilippinecityofDavao,receivedacallfromthePhilippines,BureauofFisheriesandAquaticResources(漁業(yè)與水產(chǎn)資源局)earlyFridaymorningreportingadeathofayoungwhale.

Whenthenecropsy(尸檢)wasperformed,BlatchleytoldNPR,hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach."Itwasfullofplasticnothingbutnonstopplastic."hesaid"Itwasfilledtothepointthatitsstomachwasashardasabaseball."Thatmeansthatthisanimalhasbeensufferingnotfordaysorweeksbutformonthsorevenayearormore,"Blatchleyadded.

BlatchleyisthefounderandowneroftheD'BoneCollectorMuseum,anaturalhistorymuseuminDavao.Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.BlatchleyandhisteamworkwiththeBureauofFisheriesandAquaticResourcesandotherorganizationstoassistinrescueandrecoveryofmarineanimals.

"Withinthelast10years,wehaverecovered61whalesanddolphinsjustwithintheDavaoGulf,"hesaid."Ofthem,57havediedduetomanwhethertheytookplasticorfishingnetsorotherwaste,orgottencaughtinpollution—andfourwerepregnant."

BlatchleysaidhehopedthatthelatestincidentwouldlaunchtheissueofplasticpollutioninthePhilippinesandacrosstheglobe."Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,"hesaid.（1）Whatcanheinferredfromthesecondparagraph?A.

Thewhalewasstarvedtodeath.B.

Blatchleywasshockedatwhathefound.C.

Thedeadwhalemusthaveswallowedabaseball.D.

Blatchleydidn'tmakepreparationsforthenecropsy.（2）WhatwillbeshownintheD'BoneCollectorMuseum?A.

Wastecollectedfromtheocean.

B.

Thewholesystemofthewhale.C.

Thingsfoundinthewhale'sbody.

D.

Manydifferenttoolsofwhaling.（3）WhatdoesBlatchleythinkofplasticpollutioninthePhilippines?A.

Uncommon.

B.

Worrying.

C.

Inspiring.

D.

Mild.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.

AWhaleFoundDeadofPlastic

B.

StandUpforProtectingWhalesC.

PlasticThreateningOurExistence

D.

NaturalDeathorMercilessMurder【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，一只鯨魚因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，這引發(fā)了人們對海洋塑料污染的擔憂。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“hewasnotpreparedfortheamountofplastictheyfoundinthewhale'sstomach”可知，布拉奇利在鯨魚的胃里發(fā)現(xiàn)了大量的塑料，他對此毫無準備，這是他意想不到的，由此可知，布拉奇利對他的發(fā)現(xiàn)感到震驚，故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Inthecomingdays,themuseumwilldisplayalltheitemsfoundinthewhale'ssystem.”可知，在鯨魚體內發(fā)現(xiàn)的東西將在這座自然博物館中展出，故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifwekeepgoingthisway,itwillbemoreuncommontoseeananimaldieofnaturalcausesthanitistoseeananimaldieofplastic,”可知，布拉奇利說如果我們繼續(xù)這樣下去，動物因吃塑料死亡的情況比自然死亡更為常見，由此可知，他對菲律賓的塑料污染很擔憂，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。縱觀全文可知，本文主要講述了一只鯨魚因吞食大量的塑料而死亡，這引發(fā)了人們對塑料污染的擔憂，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

IfAmericanwaterwayshadeverbeenvotedontheyearbook,theBuffaloRivercouldeasilyhavebeennamedUgliest.Itcouldbehardtofindhopethere.Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.Butactivistcitizens,whocollaboratedwithindustry,government,andenvironmentgroupsnevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.Andbynowthecleaned—upwaterisoneofBuffalo'Sbiggestattractions.

Bythe1960s,theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer,andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.

Thewaterway'sfatestartedshiftinginthemid-1960s.StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday,butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers(垃圾車)hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:"Mr.BuffaloRiver."Buttherewasonlysomuchhecoulddo—theriverwasstilldeclaredbiologicallydeadin1969.

JillSpisiakJedlickaishisgreat-grandniece.Shepicksupwhereheleftoffbydirectingtheriver'sprotectororganization,BuffaloNiagaraWaterkeeper.ProfessorSchneeklothandsevenfriendsfoundedtheorganizationasanall-volunteernonprofitin1989,afterorganizingthefirstrivercleanupthatyear.Todaythegroupemploys27full-timeworkersandhashelpedoverseetheBuffaloRiver's$100millionrestoration.

Sofar,theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored,butitisstillanongoingissue,assewage(污水)canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell;fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit'sgone.（1）WhatdidtheBuffaloRiverusetobe?A.

Awaterwayontheyearbook.

B.

Ariverheavilypolluted.C.

AgreatattractionofBuffalo's.

D.

Aplaceworthfightingfor.（2）WhywasMr.Spisiaknamed"Mr.BuffaloRiver"?A.

Becausehisfateshiftedinthe1960s.B.

BecausehespotteddumpersontheRiver.C.

Becausehesparednoeffortstoprotecttheriver.D.

Becausetheriverwasdeclaredbiologicallydead.（3）Howlongdidittakefortherivertorestore?A.

Morethanhalfacentury.

B.

Justfourdecades.

C.

About30years.

D.

Only27years.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthistext?A.

TherestorationoftheBuffaloRiver

B.

StanleySpisiak:The"Mr.BuffaloRiver"C.

ThefutureoftheBuffaloRiver

D.

Riverprotection:Alongwaytogo【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢復。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”nevergaveupontheirpollutedriver—theBuffaloRivergraduallywentfrombeingconsideredalostcausetoaplaceworthfightingfor.“；第二段中的”Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.TheBuffaloRiverhadcaughtfiremanytimes.Thesurfacehadanoilylayer，andanyfishcaughttherewerenoteatable.“可知，theBuffaloRiver過去是一條被嚴重污染的河。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的”StanleySpisiakwasalocalPolish—Americanjewelerbyday，butbyeveninghewasthekindofguywho'dchasedowndumpers(垃圾車)hespottedontheBuffaloRiver.By1966hefoundhimselfwinningtheNationalWildlifeFederation's"WaterConservationistoftheYear"award.Andbeforelonghegotanickname:‘Mr.BuffaloRiver.’"可知，Mr.Spisiak被稱為“Mr.BuffaloRiver”是因為他不遺余力地保護這條河。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Ittookdecadesforpublicperceptionoftherivertoshift.”公眾對這條河的看法改變花了幾十年的時間；第二段中的“Bythe1960s，theriverwasseenasoneoftheworstsourcesofpollutionpouringintotheGreatLakes.”到了20世紀60年代，這條河被認為是五大湖最嚴重的污染源之一。；以及最后一段中的“Sofar，theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored，”到目前為止，布法羅河的水質已經(jīng)恢復”可知，這條河花了多半個世紀才恢復。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。第一段和第二段說明了theBuffaloRiver嚴重受污染的情況，第三、四段介紹了為改變污染狀況所做的努力，以及最后一段中的“Sofar，theBuffaloRiver'swaterqualityhasrestored，butitisstillanongoingissue，assewage(污水)canoverflowintotheriverafterstorms.Habitatrestorationcontinuesaswell；fishandplantingsarestillbeingsampledtomeasurehowwellit'sgone.”是其現(xiàn)狀。綜上可知，本文講述的是被污染的theBuffaloRiver的恢復。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，要求考生準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解BenefitsandProblemsofGeneticEngineering

Plantbreedingisthescienceofchangingthecharacteristicsofplantsinordertoproducedesiredones.Genesinaplantarewhatdeterminewhattypeofcharacteristicsitwillhave.Plantbreederstrytocreateaspecificoutcomeofplantsandpotentiallynewplantvarietiesbychangingthegenesoftheplantsthroughbreeding,whichismakingnewplantsfromparentsofdifferentvarietiesorspecies.

Actually,plantbreedinghasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears,sincenearthebeginningofhumancivilization.Itispracticedworldwidebyindividualssuchasgardenersandfarmersandbyprofessionalplantbreedersemployedbyorganizationssuchasgovernmentinstitutions,universities,crop-specificindustryassociationsorresearchcenters.Theyhavecrossbredplantstocreatethenewtypesofplantsthatare,forexample,bigger,stronger,ormoreattractive.

Crossbreedingcantakesuchalongtime,however,anditisinaccurate.Now,wecanchangeexactsectionsofDeoxyribonucleicacid(DNA),sotheprocessismoreaccurateandfaster.Butpeopleallovertheworldarearguingaboutitsbenefitsanddisadvantages.Somepeopleusethetechnologytoproducedesiredcharacteristicsofplantsandanimals.Otherpeopleareconcernedthatthegeneticallyengineeredplantsmayharmtheenvironmentandworriedthattheymaybedangerousforpeopletoeat.

Therearemanyreasonsforchangingplantsinthisway.Internationaldevelopmentagenciesbelievethatbreedingnewcropsisimportantforensuringfoodsecuritybydevelopingnewvarietiesthatarehigheryielding(高產(chǎn)的),diseaseresistant,droughttolerantorregionallyadaptedtodifferentenvironmentsandgrowingconditions.Forexample,somegeneticallyengineeredplantscanlivethroughfrostordraught.Asaresult,famerscanmakemoreprofitbecausefewerplantswilldie.

Somegeneticallyengineeredplantsaremorenutritious.Theyhavelessfat,tastebetterorstayfresherthannon-geneticallyengineeredplants.Thiswillallowpeopletobuybetter-qualityfruitandvegetables.

Somegeneticallyengineeredplantscanresistnaturalpestssuchasvirusesorinsects.Thisreducestheamountofchemicalneededtokillpests,whichishelpfultotheenvironment.

However,geneticallyengineeredplantscancauseunexpectedproblems.Geneticallyengineeredplantsthatresistpestsmaypassonthatcharacteristictoawildrelative.Thismaycausethewildplanttospreadfast,becausepestsarenotnaturallykillingit.

Geneticallyengineeredplantscanalsoharmanimals.Atypeofcornhasbeendevelopedwhichkillsaspeciesofinsectthatdestroysit.Thepollen(花粉)fromthiscorn,however,canalsokillmonarchbutterflies—themostbeautifulofallbutterflies,whichdonotharmthecorn.

Toensurethemostadaptedvarietiesareidentified,advocatesoforganicbreedingnowpromotetheuseofdirectselectionformanydesiredcharacteristics.

Geneticengineeringisaverynewscienceandwehavealottolearnaboutthegooditcandoandthedamageitcancause.Themainconcernisthatnotenoughtestsarebeingdonetoensureitissafe.（1）Accordingtothepassage,thepurposeofplantbreedingisto

.A.

beautifytheenvironment

B.

changethegenesofplantsC.

producenewplantvarieties

D.

assessthevalueofthepractice（2）Theauthorthinkscrossbreedinginaccuratebecause

.A.

thesectionsofDNAarechanged

B.

problemsaresometimescausedC.

manpowerandresourcesarewasted

D.

animalsareproducedusingthetechnology（3）Theauthor'sattitudetowardcrossbreedingis

.A.

doubtful

B.

disapproving

C.

objective

D.

supportive（4）Whichofthefollowingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?Sp：Sub-point（次要點）

C：ConclusionI：Introduction

Cp：CentralPoint

P：PointA.

B.

C.

D.

【答案】（1）C（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，基因工程是一門非常新的

科學，關于它能帶來的好處和它能造成的破壞，我們有很多東西要學習。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”Plantbreederstrytocreateaspecificoutcomeofplantsandpotentiallynewplantvarietiesbychangingthegenesoftheplantsthroughbreeding,whichismakingnewplantsfromparentsofdifferentvarietiesorspecies.“植物育種家試圖通過育種改變植物的基因來創(chuàng)造植物和潛在的新植物品種的特定結果，即從不同品種或物種的親本培育新植物，可知植物育種的目的是生產(chǎn)新的植物品種，故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的”However,geneticallyengineeredplantscancauseunexpectedproblems.“可知作者認為雜交是錯誤的，是因為有時會產(chǎn)生問題，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Geneticengineeringisaverynewscienceandwehavealottolearnaboutthegooditcandoandthedamageitcancause.Themainconcernisthatnotenoughtestsarebeingdonetoensureitissafe.“基因工程是一門非常新的科學，關于它能帶來的好處和它能造成的破壞，我們有很多東西要學習。主要的問題是沒有進行足夠的測試來確保它是安全的。由此推斷出，作者對雜交的態(tài)度是客觀的，故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。第一段引出了基因工程這個話題，接下來從三個方面說明了基因工程的益處，又從兩個方面闡述了基因工程的弊端，故選A。【點評】本題考點