專題一語法填空有提示詞語法填空——?jiǎng)釉~（謂語動詞）【題型把握】語篇語法填空題的形式為：在一篇200詞左右的語篇（短文或?qū)υ挘┲辛舫?0寫空白處所需要的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式，所填寫詞語不得多于3個(gè)單詞，詞，代詞，冠詞，主謂一致，語態(tài)，等來判斷各填空處應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容。一般分為兩種類型，有提示詞的和無提示詞的語法填空。動詞在語法填空7個(gè)提示詞中所占的比重最大，難度最高?？疾閯釉~的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及非謂語動詞的題目是學(xué)生的失分點(diǎn)。本講義著重講解有提示詞的語法填空中提示詞為動詞相關(guān)的解題技巧?！局R導(dǎo)圖】【解題技巧】有提示詞的解題技巧技巧1.首先分析該空的句子成分，再確定詞性和詞形。技巧2.句中謂語缺失，要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，主謂一致。技巧3.若提示詞是動詞，在句中不做謂語，需優(yōu)先考慮非謂動詞：todo,doing,done.技巧：如何確定作謂語和作何種謂語【解題步驟】第一步：確定是否作謂語首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出句中是否缺少謂語，如果缺少謂語，則該空格應(yīng)填謂語動詞。第二步：確定作謂語的三點(diǎn)注意1．根據(jù)語境、并列謂語、時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞等確定用哪種時(shí)態(tài)；2．根據(jù)主語與謂語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系，以確定語態(tài)；3．根據(jù)主語確定謂語動詞的數(shù)，做到主謂一致?？疾辄c(diǎn)1:時(shí)態(tài)【知識清單】提示詞為動詞時(shí)，確定時(shí)態(tài)的4根據(jù)1.識別標(biāo)志詞認(rèn)清?？紩r(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(1)看到often,usually,always,everytime,sometimes等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday,lastyear,in2020,theotherday,twodaysago,一段時(shí)間＋later等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般過去式。(3)看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek,inthefuture,soon般將來時(shí)。(4)看到atthismoment,atpresent,now等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,inthelast/pastfewyears,sofar/uptonow,for＋時(shí)間段，eversince...等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(6)看到bythen,bytheendof...等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用過去完成時(shí)。2.前后找并列(1)可根據(jù)并列連詞and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...notonly...butalso...等前后的謂語動詞形式確定所填謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。(2)同一個(gè)主語的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語，謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)要一致。3.通過常用句式掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時(shí)要積累并熟記一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsthwhensbdid...(2)had(just)donesthwhen＋一般過去時(shí)(3)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsbhaddone...(4)祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時(shí)(5)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth4.通過語境分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，且沒有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示解題，也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的一條行之有效的方法?！纠}示范】?(2021·全國甲卷)TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.It61.____________(build)originallytoprotectthecity62.intheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù))．【分析】第一步?確定填謂語。分析句子成分可知，空處和hasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù))作并列謂語。第二步?考慮時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。有時(shí)間狀語intheTangdynasty可知發(fā)生在過去，根據(jù)主語it(theGreatWall)與動詞build之間是被動關(guān)系，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。[答案]?was__built【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】1.What________(puzzle)meisthatIdon’tknowtheexacttimeforthetest.2.Theletter________(post)aweekagoandit________(arrive)yesterday.3.BythetimeIgottoschool,thefirstplay______(be)onfornearlyhalfanhour.4.ThiswasthefirsttimeI____________(experience)sandstormsandIdon’teverwanttobeinoneagain.5.I____________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.6.Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile，“Gotoexerciseandyou____________(feel)better.”7.Therefore,itishightimethatwe____________(take)effectivemeasurestoimprovethecurrentsituation.8.Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidtypingenabledbybioprintingatpresent____________(push)medicaladvancesforwardatpace.9.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods____________(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.【高考真題】12022年浙江卷1月）OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyoftheclimatescientists________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.22022全國甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents.32022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________(be)previouslyunprotected.42022年全國甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.52022年全國乙卷）...ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety________(address)theopeningceremony.考查點(diǎn)2：語態(tài)【知識清單】確定謂語動詞的語態(tài)，分析語境，弄明白所給動詞與其對應(yīng)的主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定謂語動詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。如果所給動詞的主語是這個(gè)動詞動作的執(zhí)行者，該動詞就用主動語態(tài)；若所給動詞的主語是這個(gè)動詞動作的承受者，該動詞就用被動語態(tài)。1.依據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，辨析主動或被動動詞的語態(tài)一般和時(shí)態(tài)放在一起進(jìn)行考查。做好此類試題，考生需要掌握以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，若與主語之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)考慮用主動語態(tài)，若是被動關(guān)系則考慮用被動語態(tài)。(2)被動語態(tài)的基本形式為：be＋過去分詞，情態(tài)動詞＋bedone。(3)做題步驟一般分為兩步：先考慮語態(tài)，再考慮時(shí)態(tài)。(4)主謂一致常和動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)放在一起考查。2.牢記主動表被動含義句式結(jié)構(gòu)提示詞作謂語，且表示的是主語所具有的特征時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用主動形式表示被動含義?！緦ｍ?xiàng)練習(xí)】Heradviceisthatgoodstudyhabits________(form)inone’schildhood.1.Thedoctorrecommendedthatthemedicine________（take）threetimesaday.2.3.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,________(give)awelcomewhenreturningtothe4.villagelastweek.【高考真題】1.（2022年新高考I卷）Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.2.(2020·浙江1月卷)Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However，greaterattentionshould____________(place)onlongevity(長壽)．3.(2020·浙江7月卷)Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering，sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood________(need)．4.（2020北京卷）Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey________(throw)away.考查點(diǎn)3:主謂一致【知識清單】1.語法一致原則(1)some,apartof動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，看到主語后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)，要考慮謂語動詞的數(shù)與前面的主語保持一致。2.就近一致原則(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，看到主語由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...，not...but...等連接時(shí)，要考慮就近原則確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，看到there,here引起的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。3.意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(2)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)?！緦ｍ?xiàng)練習(xí)】1.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,________(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.2.Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacher____________(move)deeplybythemovingstory.3.Ourschooliscarryingonareformineducationandeachboyandeachgirl____________(have)accesstoatablecomputeraswellastheInternet.4.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I’dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto________(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.5.61percentofthepopulationofthiscity________(be)fromethnicminoritygroups.【高考真題】1.（2022年浙江卷1月）OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyoftheclimatescientists________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.2.（2022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________(be)previouslyunprotected.3.（2022·湖南·二模）61percentofthepopulationofthiscity________(be)fromethnicminoritygroups.4.（2022年新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.5.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ)Often，onlyasmallpartofamuseum’scollection____________(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.專題一語法填空有提示詞語法填空——?jiǎng)釉~（謂語動詞）【題型把握】語篇語法填空題的形式為：在一篇200詞左右的語篇（短文或?qū)υ挘┲辛舫?0寫空白處所需要的內(nèi)容或所提供單詞的正確形式，所填寫詞語不得多于3個(gè)單詞，詞，代詞，冠詞，主謂一致，語態(tài)，等來判斷各填空處應(yīng)填寫的內(nèi)容。一般分為兩種類型，有提示詞的和無提示詞的語法填空。動詞在語法填空7個(gè)提示詞中所占的比重最大，難度最高?？疾閯釉~的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及非謂語動詞的題目是學(xué)生的失分點(diǎn)。本講義著重講解有提示詞的語法填空中提示詞為動詞相關(guān)的解題技巧?！局R導(dǎo)圖】【解題技巧】有提示詞的解題技巧技巧1.首先分析該空的句子成分，再確定詞性和詞形。技巧2.句中謂語缺失，要考慮時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)，主謂一致。技巧3.若提示詞是動詞，在句中不做謂語，需優(yōu)先考慮非謂動詞：todo,doing,done.技巧：如何確定作謂語和作何種謂語【解題步驟】第一步：確定是否作謂語首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，找出句中是否缺少謂語，如果缺少謂語，則該空格應(yīng)填謂語動詞。第二步：確定作謂語的三點(diǎn)注意1．根據(jù)語境、并列謂語、時(shí)間標(biāo)志詞等確定用哪種時(shí)態(tài)；2．根據(jù)主語與謂語之間是主動關(guān)系還是被動關(guān)系，以確定語態(tài)；3．根據(jù)主語確定謂語動詞的數(shù)，做到主謂一致。考查點(diǎn)1:時(shí)態(tài)【知識清單】提示詞為動詞時(shí)，確定時(shí)態(tài)的4根據(jù)1.識別標(biāo)志詞認(rèn)清?？紩r(shí)態(tài)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(1)看到often,usually,always,everytime,sometimes等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。(2)看到y(tǒng)esterday,lastyear,in2020,theotherday,twodaysago,一段時(shí)間＋later等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用一般過去式。(3)看到tomorrow,nextyear,inaweek,inthefuture,soon般將來時(shí)。(4)看到atthismoment,atpresent,now等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。(5)看到since,recently,lately,already,inthelast/pastfewyears,sofar/uptonow,for＋時(shí)間段，eversince...等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。(6)看到bythen,bytheendof...等時(shí)間狀語，要想到用過去完成時(shí)。2.前后找并列(1)可根據(jù)并列連詞and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...notonly...butalso...等前后的謂語動詞形式確定所填謂語動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。(2)同一個(gè)主語的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語，謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)要一致。3.通過常用句式掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題快速且行之有效的方式，因此平時(shí)要積累并熟記一些常用句式。如：(1)was/weredoingsthwhensbdid...(2)had(just)donesthwhen＋一般過去時(shí)(3)This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...timethatsbhaddone...(4)祈使句＋and/or＋陳述句，陳述句用一般將來時(shí)(5)It’s(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth4.通過語境分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，且沒有標(biāo)志性的時(shí)間狀語和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下，通過正確理解語境即通過題干中的語境暗示解題，也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的一條行之有效的方法?！纠}示范】?(2021·全國甲卷)TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina’slonghistory.It61.____________(build)originallytoprotectthecity62.intheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù))．【分析】第一步?確定填謂語。分析句子成分可知，空處和hasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修復(fù))作并列謂語。第二步?考慮時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。有時(shí)間狀語intheTangdynasty可知發(fā)生在過去，根據(jù)主語it(theGreatWall)與動詞build之間是被動關(guān)系，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)。[答案]?was__built【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)】1.What________(puzzle)meisthatIdon’tknowtheexacttimeforthetest.2.Theletter________(post)aweekagoandit________(arrive)yesterday.3.BythetimeIgottoschool,thefirstplay______(be)onfornearlyhalfanhour.4.ThiswasthefirsttimeI____________(experience)sandstormsandIdon’teverwanttobeinoneagain.5.I____________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.6.Isaytohimwithacheerfulsmile，“Gotoexerciseandyou____________(feel)better.”7.Therefore,itishightimethatwe____________(take)effectivemeasurestoimprovethecurrentsituation.8.Thatpromisemaybeyearsawayfromrealizationbutrapidtypingenabledbybioprintingatpresent____________(push)medicaladvancesforwardatpace.9.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods____________(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.【高考真題】12022年浙江卷1月）OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyoftheclimatescientists________(promise)toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.22022全國甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents.32022新高考I卷）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat________(be)previouslyunprotected.42022年全國甲卷）Inthelastfiveyears,Cao________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’shighestmountain.52022年全國乙卷）...ThechairmanoftheChinaCulturePromotionSociety________(address)theopeningceremony.考查點(diǎn)2：語態(tài)【知識清單】確定謂語動詞的語態(tài)，分析語境，弄明白所給動詞與其對應(yīng)的主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定謂語動詞語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。如果所給動詞的主語是這個(gè)動詞動作的執(zhí)行者，該動詞就用主動語態(tài)；若所給動詞的主語是這個(gè)動詞動作的承受者，該動詞就用被動語態(tài)。1.依據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系，辨析主動或被動動詞的語態(tài)一般和時(shí)態(tài)放在一起進(jìn)行考查。做好此類試題，考生需要掌握以下幾點(diǎn)：(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，若與主語之間是主動關(guān)系，應(yīng)考慮用主動語態(tài)，若是被動關(guān)系則考慮用被動語態(tài)。(2)被動語態(tài)的基本形式為：be＋過去分詞，情態(tài)動詞＋bedone。(3)做題步驟一般分為兩步：先考慮語態(tài)，再考慮時(shí)態(tài)。(4)主謂一致常和動詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)放在一起考查。2.牢記主動表被動含義句式結(jié)構(gòu)提示詞作謂語，且表示的是主語所具有的特征時(shí)，應(yīng)考慮用主動形式表示被動含義?！緦ｍ?xiàng)練習(xí)】Heradviceisthatgoodstudyhabits________(form)inone’schildhood.1.Thedoctorrecommendedthatthemedicine________（take）threetimesaday.2.3.Sometimeschopsticksarequiteartistic.Trulyelegantchopsticksmight________(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.Amy,aswellasherbrothers,________(give)awelcomewhenreturningtothe4.villagelastweek.【高考真題】1.（2022年新高考I卷）Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.2.(2020·浙江1月卷)Peopletendtofocusonthefirstfactor.However，greaterattentionshould____________(place)onlongevity(長壽)．3.(2020·浙江7月卷)Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering，sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And，asmorechildrenwereborn，morefood________(need)．4.（2020北京卷）Single-useplasticbagsareusedatmostafewtimesbeforethey________(throw)away.考查點(diǎn)3:主謂一致【知識清單】1.語法一致原則(1)some,apartof動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，看到主語后跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,like,but,except,alongwith,ratherthan,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的短語時(shí)，要考慮謂語動詞的數(shù)與前面的主語保持一致。2.就近一致原則(1)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，看到主語由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...，not...but...等連接時(shí)，要考慮就近原則確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。(2)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，發(fā)現(xiàn)提示詞作謂語，看到there,here引起的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。3.意義一致原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不可分割的整體)時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。(2)非謂語動詞、名詞性從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)?！緦ｍ?xiàng)練習(xí)】1.Amy,a