題型七概要寫作目錄TOC\o"1-1"\h\u一、考情解讀 1二、命題分析預(yù)測(cè) 1三、析考情·題型突破 1四、鏈高考·探究 3五、考法解題能力提升 6六、精選考點(diǎn)題型專練 11Writing1 11Writing2（生活感悟） 13Writing3（健康） 14Writing4（環(huán)保） 16Writing5 18Writing6 19Writing7 21Writing8 22一、考情解讀提供一篇350詞以內(nèi)的閱讀材料,要求考生根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。二、命題分析預(yù)測(cè)根據(jù)這兩次高考題的命題難度和區(qū)分度可知,未來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)對(duì)該題型的考查仍將以議論文、說(shuō)明文為主,主題語(yǔ)境仍將涉及"人與社會(huì)"或"人與自我"。聚焦核心素養(yǎng)1.語(yǔ)言能力:綜合運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言知識(shí)創(chuàng)新、恰當(dāng)?shù)剡M(jìn)行表達(dá)。2.思維品質(zhì):分析推斷文章的邏輯,梳理、概括信息,進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新思維表達(dá)。三、析考情·題型突破一考情概況1.題型介紹。概要寫作是近幾年高考英語(yǔ)的新題型。寫作的第二節(jié)是讀后續(xù)寫或概要寫作,從2016年10月到2021年1月,浙江的9次高考英語(yǔ)中有兩次考查概要寫作,分別是2018年11月和2019年6月的考試。2.命題規(guī)律(1)概要寫作的語(yǔ)篇通常是議論文或說(shuō)明文。這類語(yǔ)篇的主題比較明顯,段落結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,段內(nèi)句群間邏輯關(guān)系緊密連貫。預(yù)計(jì)未來(lái)幾年高考概要寫作的選材還將是議論文或說(shuō)明文,但難度會(huì)穩(wěn)中有升。(2)不排除閱讀材料為記敘文的可能性。如此一來(lái),試題的難度將會(huì)增加,對(duì)考生的梳理、歸納和總結(jié)能力要求更高。(3)閱讀材料一般不超過5段,詞數(shù)控制在350以內(nèi)。(4)議論文、說(shuō)明文的段落結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:提出問題/描述現(xiàn)象→分析利弊→提出解決方法→提供例證/回歸主題/深化主題/提出應(yīng)該注意的事項(xiàng)。(5)段內(nèi)句群間的邏輯關(guān)系通常是因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等。總之,在一篇文章中,段落與段落之間、段內(nèi)句群之間都會(huì)呈現(xiàn)"起承轉(zhuǎn)合"的行文邏輯關(guān)系?？忌绻馨盐崭鞫温涞慕M織結(jié)構(gòu)和段內(nèi)句群間的邏輯關(guān)系,就能輕松地辨別主要信息和支撐性細(xì)節(jié)信息,從而準(zhǔn)確地抓住段落要點(diǎn)。二命題特點(diǎn)概要寫作是一個(gè)融閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)于一體的題型,既考查考生概括文章主旨大意和準(zhǔn)確獲取關(guān)鍵信息的能力,又考查考生用簡(jiǎn)潔的語(yǔ)言表達(dá)文章主旨的能力以及把握文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)的能力。考生在寫概要時(shí),不要抄襲文章的原句,也不要把細(xì)節(jié)性信息當(dāng)成重點(diǎn),而要對(duì)文章中的單詞、詞組和句子進(jìn)行合理轉(zhuǎn)換,對(duì)文章的具體信息進(jìn)行概括,再用恰當(dāng)?shù)恼Z(yǔ)言表述出來(lái)。具體來(lái)說(shuō),該題型主要考查考生以下幾個(gè)方面的能力:1.區(qū)分主要信息和次要信息的能力;2.對(duì)句群之間的邏輯關(guān)系和段落結(jié)構(gòu)的把握能力;3.分析推斷邏輯關(guān)系、梳理及概括細(xì)節(jié)信息的能力;4.通過整合手段進(jìn)行思維創(chuàng)新和表達(dá)創(chuàng)新的能力;5.運(yùn)用同義詞、近義詞、反義詞或語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)及修辭手段進(jìn)行語(yǔ)義轉(zhuǎn)換的能力。三評(píng)分原則概要寫作的評(píng)分原則可簡(jiǎn)要概括為以下幾個(gè)方面:1.詞數(shù)少于40或多于80的,從總分中減去2分;2.對(duì)原文要點(diǎn)的理解和呈現(xiàn)情況;3.應(yīng)用語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯的準(zhǔn)確性;4.上下文的連貫性;5.對(duì)各要點(diǎn)表達(dá)的獨(dú)立性情況;6.拼寫、標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的準(zhǔn)確性;7.書寫和卷面情況。四失誤總結(jié)考生在概要寫作中常出現(xiàn)的失誤有以下四個(gè)方面:1.要點(diǎn)提煉不準(zhǔn)確。主次信息混淆,不清楚原文作者的寫作意圖。2.表述的邏輯不清晰。內(nèi)容沒有條理,行文沒有銜接,不能呈現(xiàn)連貫性。3.照抄原文句子。不能進(jìn)行有效的語(yǔ)句轉(zhuǎn)換,同一單詞的重現(xiàn)率較高。作文中若出現(xiàn)兩句以上整句摘自原文的現(xiàn)象,作文將會(huì)被直接定為第三檔(11—15分)甚至更低檔。4.單詞拼寫錯(cuò)誤較多,時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)出錯(cuò)率較高。四、鏈高考·探究Writing1閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。①Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids.②JennBerman,authorofTheAtoZGuidetoRaisingHappyandConfidentKids,says,"We'vegonetotheoppositeextremeofafewdecadesagowhenparentstendedtobemorestrict."③Bygivingkidsalotofpraise,parentsthinkthey'rebuildingtheirchildren'sconfidence,④when,infact,itmaybejusttheopposite.⑤Toomuchpraisecanbackfireand,whengiveninawaythat'sinsincere,makekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakeariskforfearofnotbeingabletostayontopwheretheirparents'praisehasputthem.第一段為整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的"起",⑤表達(dá)了作者的真實(shí)意圖,即本段的主旨"Toomuchpraisecanmakekidsafraidtotrynewthingsortakearisk."。①Still,don'tgotoofarintheotherdirection.②Notgivingenoughpraisecanbejustasdamagingasgivingtoomuch.③Kidswillfeellikethey'renotgoodenoughorthatyoudon'tcareand,asaresult,mayseenopointintryinghardfortheiraccomplishments.

第二段為第一段的"轉(zhuǎn)",指出另一個(gè)極端的危害"Notgivingenoughpraisecanbedamaging."。①Sowhatistherightamountofpraise?②Expertssaythatthequalityofpraiseismoreimportantthanthequantity.③Ifpraiseissincereandfocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome,youcangiveitasoftenasyourchilddoessomethingthatdeservesaverbalreward.④"Weshouldespeciallyrecognizeourchildren'seffortstopushthemselvesandworkhardtoachieveagoal,"saysDonahue,authorofParentingWithoutFear:LettingGoofWorryandFocusingonWhatReallyMatters.⑤"Onethingtorememberisthatit'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters."

第三段為前兩段的"承",也是整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇的"合",提出了作者的觀點(diǎn)"It'stheprocessnottheendproductthatmatters.",即"Praiseshouldbefocusedontheeffortnottheoutcome."。①Yoursonmaynotbethebestbasketballplayeronhisteam.②Butifhe'soutthereeverydayandplayinghard,youshouldpraisehiseffortregardlessofwhetherhisteamwinsorloses.③Praisingtheeffortandnottheoutcomecanalsomeanrecognizingyourchildwhenshehasworkedhardtocleantheyard,cookdinner,orfinishabookreport.④Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit.

第四段為第三段的"承",用例子支撐作者的觀點(diǎn)。本段主題句是④。寫作指導(dǎo)Para.1①作本段的"起",描述現(xiàn)象;②作"承",引入專家的觀點(diǎn);③作"承",分析出現(xiàn)該現(xiàn)象的原因;④作"轉(zhuǎn)",引出作者的觀點(diǎn);⑤作第一段的"合",指出"Toomuchpraise"的后果。Para.2①作上一段的"承"和本段后文內(nèi)容的"起",指出不要走向另一個(gè)極端;②作"承"指出"Notgivingenoughpraise"的危害;③作"承",分析其原因,且本句本身也呈現(xiàn)出因果關(guān)系?；脽羝?8Para.3①作前兩段的"承",也作本段的"起",起過渡作用;②是對(duì)上一句的回答,引出專家的觀點(diǎn);③是對(duì)上一句的進(jìn)一步解釋;④引用了專家的說(shuō)法;⑤作本段的"合",與②相呼應(yīng)。Para.4①作上一段的"承"和本段例證的"起";②作上一句的"轉(zhuǎn)",呈現(xiàn)作者的真實(shí)意圖;③作前兩句的"承",進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明作者的觀點(diǎn);④作本段的"合",進(jìn)行總結(jié),回歸主題?！久}分析】本篇閱讀材料是一篇典型的議論文。文章指出,父母對(duì)孩子的表?yè)P(yáng)要專注于孩子的努力過程而不是結(jié)果,其語(yǔ)言難度適中,表現(xiàn)出很好的區(qū)分度,體現(xiàn)了高考"立德樹人、服務(wù)選拔、導(dǎo)向教學(xué)"的命題原則。具體特點(diǎn)歸納如下:1.語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)特征:描描述表?yè)P(yáng)孩子的現(xiàn)象→兩個(gè)極端→正確的表?yè)P(yáng)→用例子支撐論點(diǎn)這種行文結(jié)構(gòu)是考生非常熟悉的議論文的語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu),易于被廣大考生理解,體現(xiàn)了高考的基礎(chǔ)性和公平性原則。2.段內(nèi)句群之間呈現(xiàn)出嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)囊蚬P(guān)系和轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等,考生應(yīng)注意理順這些邏輯關(guān)系。3.每一段都有長(zhǎng)難句(畫線部分),考生只有抓住關(guān)鍵信息、充分運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言能力,才能理解這些句子?！舅悸伏c(diǎn)撥】寫概要時(shí),首先要注意每段的主題句和關(guān)鍵詞,通過詞匯替換、句式轉(zhuǎn)變等多種方式改寫要點(diǎn),注意一定要用自己的語(yǔ)言,不可以完全照搬原文;然后,添加銜接詞,使各要點(diǎn)之間的銜接更順暢;最后要注意單詞拼寫不要出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤,也要注意大小寫和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào),同時(shí)還要注意控制詞數(shù),不要少于40或多于80。本文的要點(diǎn)可以歸納如下:要點(diǎn)1,如今,父母總是給孩子相當(dāng)多的贊揚(yáng),希望建立他們的自信心,但是這可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生相反的效果;要點(diǎn)2,父母對(duì)孩子表?yè)P(yáng)不夠同樣有損孩子的自信心;要點(diǎn)3,專家認(rèn)為,父母應(yīng)該因?yàn)榕^程而贊揚(yáng)孩子,而不是因?yàn)槭虑榈慕Y(jié)果;要點(diǎn)4,孩子如果很努力,確實(shí)值得被贊揚(yáng)?？傊?父母給孩子的贊揚(yáng)的多少取決于孩子的努力程度?！緟⒖挤段摹縉owadays,parentstendtoofferconsiderablepraisetotheirchildren,hopingtobuildtheirconfidence,butitmayproducetheoppositeeffect.(要點(diǎn)一)However,notenoughpraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtochildren'sself-confidence.(要點(diǎn)二)Therefore,expertsclaimthatsincerepraiseshouldbegivenfortheprocessnotfortheresult.(要點(diǎn)三)Meanwhile,kidsdodeservepraiseiftheymakegreateffort.Anyway,theamountofpraiseparentsgiveshoulddependonhowhardtheirkidswork.(要點(diǎn)四)五、考法解題能力提升一解題步驟1.瀏覽原文,弄清文體,根據(jù)段首句和段尾句預(yù)測(cè)段落內(nèi)容甚至整個(gè)語(yǔ)篇內(nèi)容,把握語(yǔ)篇主旨和結(jié)構(gòu)。2.細(xì)讀原文每一個(gè)段落,把握段落大意,歸納段落要點(diǎn)。3.最大限度地替換要點(diǎn)句子中的關(guān)鍵詞匯,調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu),盡量使各個(gè)要點(diǎn)句子轉(zhuǎn)換成全新的表達(dá)。4.使用恰當(dāng)?shù)你暯釉~把各個(gè)要點(diǎn)句子整合成邏輯關(guān)系清晰、內(nèi)容有條理、連貫通順的短文,要注意,各個(gè)要點(diǎn)句子要有相對(duì)的獨(dú)立性。二寫作注意事項(xiàng)1.概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí),略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。2.安排好篇幅的比例,概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào),即用較多的文字寫主要內(nèi)容,用較少的文字寫次要內(nèi)容。3.注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接,要用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ)貫通全文,切忌只簡(jiǎn)單地寫出一些互不相干的句子,但也不要每?jī)删渲g都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語(yǔ),以免顯得生硬。4.不排斥用原文的某些詞匯或詞塊,但不要照搬原文的句子,如果不能完全用自己的話語(yǔ)表達(dá),至少要對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換,如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)更好。5.核查詞數(shù),看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。寫作技法1牢記寫作流程,釀造極優(yōu)作文寫作技法2巧用銜接詞語(yǔ),盡顯嚴(yán)密邏輯正確使用銜接詞語(yǔ),使所寫的概要結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、邏輯清晰、語(yǔ)意連貫。1.并列aswellas也both...and...……和……都notonly...butalso...不僅……而且……2.遞進(jìn)besides除……之外furthermore此外moreover而且what'smore更為重要的是moreimportantly更重要的是tomakemattersworse=what'sworse=worsestill更糟糕的是3.對(duì)比和轉(zhuǎn)折but但是instead反而while而however/nevertheless然而otherwise否則unlike與……不同onthecontrary與此相反comparedto與……相比incontrastto與……形成對(duì)比ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……4.因果therefore/consequently/asaresult因此becauseof/asaresultof/onaccountof/dueto因?yàn)閠hanksto/owingto由于5.目的inorderto/soasto為了sothat/inorderthat為了forthepurposeof為了6.強(qiáng)調(diào)especially特別particularly特別indeed確實(shí)notatall根本不orrather確切地說(shuō)7.順序first/second/third首先/第二/第三firstly/secondly/thirdly/finally首先/第二/第三/最后tostartwith/next/inaddition/finally首先/然后/此外/最后firstofall/besides/lastbutnotleast首先/此外/最后但同樣重要的是8.總結(jié)inshort/inbrief/insummary總之tosumup/tosummarize總之a(chǎn)llinall總的說(shuō)來(lái)onthewhole總的說(shuō)來(lái)寫作技法3讀首句析尾句,構(gòu)織語(yǔ)境畫面我們?cè)跉w納段落要點(diǎn)之前,通常需要快速瀏覽整篇文章,掌握其主旨和語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)。所給閱讀材料通常格式規(guī)范,結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,因此,我們通過閱讀第一段的首句和最后一段的尾句便能大致明白該語(yǔ)篇的主旨;然后尋讀每一段的首句和尾句,嘗試預(yù)測(cè)每一段的主旨;再觀察段落之間的組織方式,了解該語(yǔ)篇的文脈。這樣,我們就能在大腦中構(gòu)織出語(yǔ)境的初步畫面。比如2019年6月浙江高考的概要寫作閱讀材料,第一段的首句是"Parentseverywherepraisetheirkids",最后一段的尾句是"Butwhateveritis,praiseshouldbegivenonacase-by-casebasisandbeproportionate(相稱的)totheamountofeffortyourchildhasputintoit",由這兩句話可知,這篇文章的主旨是父母表?yè)P(yáng)孩子要依據(jù)孩子努力的程度。然后我們可根據(jù)每一段的首句和尾句判斷出各段的主旨。寫作技法4善找轉(zhuǎn)折詞匯,主旨要點(diǎn)映眼前表示轉(zhuǎn)折的詞后面的內(nèi)容,或者含有though,although,while等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句的主句通常是句子的主旨要點(diǎn),也是作者真實(shí)的寫作意圖。比如2018年11月浙江高考的概要寫作閱讀材料,第二段最后一句"Infact...andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon'tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!",本句的主旨要點(diǎn)是but后面的"ifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!"。再如最后一段的尾句"Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan'ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou'dliketoattend","Whilevisiting...visit"是讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,該句的主旨要點(diǎn)是主句的內(nèi)容。寫作技法5巧妙變換表達(dá),替換關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)寫概要時(shí),考生要用自己的語(yǔ)言進(jìn)行表達(dá),可以通過同義轉(zhuǎn)換、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換、句式轉(zhuǎn)換、正話反說(shuō)、反話正說(shuō)等技巧替換原文中的一些關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)。具體替換方法如下:1.同義轉(zhuǎn)換(1)近義詞替換原詞NeverwillChenYuforgethisfirstjobasajournalist.→ChenYuwillalwaysrememberhisfirstjobasareporter.

(2)單詞替換短語(yǔ)①Clearingawaydirtisgoodforhealth.

→Clearingawaydirtbenefitshealth.②Withmuchofthepublic'sattention,starssufferfromgreatpressure.

→Livinginthepublicgaze,starsfacegreatpressure.(3)概括詞替換具體詞ShebroughthomeseveralChineseandEnglishnovels,afewcopiesofReader'sDigestandNewsweek,andsometextbooks.

→Shebroughthomesomebooksandmagazines.

2.詞性轉(zhuǎn)換(1)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞Hefailedtopassthedrugtest,andthebosshadtodismisshimfromhisjob.→Hisfailureofpassingthedrugtestresultedinhisjobdismissal.(2)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)換為名詞Yourskinwillbeburntifyouareexposedtothesuntoolong.→Toolongexposuretothesunwillharmyourskin.(3)形容詞(短語(yǔ))轉(zhuǎn)換為動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))Readingcannotonlymakeyourelaxedbutalsobegoodforyourmind.

→Readingcannotonlyrelaxyourbodybutalsodogoodtoyourmind.

3.句式轉(zhuǎn)換(1)主被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的相互轉(zhuǎn)換Twoexperimentswerecarriedoutbyapsychologist.

→Apsychologistperformedtwoexperiments.(2)特殊句式與正常語(yǔ)序的相互轉(zhuǎn)換Onlyifyouaskmanydifferentquestionswillyouacquirealltheinformation.

→Youwillobtainalltheinformationifyouaskmanydifferentquestions.

(3)從句之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換Heconcludesthatpeopledonothavetheabilitytosensewhenthey'rebeingstaredat.

→Hisconclusionisthatpeoplearenotequippedwiththeabilitytofeelothers'observation.

(4)從句壓縮、轉(zhuǎn)換①狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞短語(yǔ)Whenhearrives,pleasesendmeane-mail.

→Onhisarrival,pleasesendmeane-mail.

②條件狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)Ifeverythingisconsidered,hisplanseemstobemoreworkable.

→Everythingtakenintoconsideration,hisplanseemstobemoreworkable.

4.正話反說(shuō)(1)Iquiteagreewithyou.→Icouldn'tagreewithyoumore.

(2)Hishometownisthemostbeautifulplace.

→Noplaceismorebeautifulthanhishometown.

5.反話正說(shuō)(1)Withoutadvertising,itwillbeverydifficultforcustomerstojudgetheworthofaproduct.→Withadvertising,itwillbeveryeasyforcustomerstojudgetheworthofaproduct.(2)Themostimportantstepistofillintheapplicationformwithoutanyfalseinformation.

→It'sessentialtofillintheapplicationformcorrectly.六、精選考點(diǎn)題型專練Writing1閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Youmightthinkthatwhetheryouchooseablueshirtorayellowoneforworkorcollegemakesnodifferencetoyourdayandthepeoplearoundyou.However,anincreasingnumberofexpertsarguethatthecolorswechooseaffectourmoods,ourcareerprospects(前景)andevenourhealth.Thepowerofcolorhasbeenusedforcenturiesandweshouldmakethemostofitinourlives.Coloraffectsustoagreaterdegreethanmostofusrealize.Itisusedincreasinglybypsychologistsandtherapistsforinfluencingmoodsandstatesofmind,andforvarioustypesoftreatmentswhenweareill.Companiesusecolortogreateffecttoencourageustobuytheirproducts.Forexample,purpleisseentorepresentcreativityandmixeswellwithred,toshowthatacompanyhasideasandthepowertomakethemhappen.Orangeandbluearealsorecommendedcolorsforcompaniestouse,becauseorangeisthecolorofcommunicationandbluesuggestssafetyandsecurity.Sothiscouldbeaparticularlygoodcombination.Companieshavefoundcertaincolors"speak"tospecificagegroups.Theyoftenuseredtoattractyoungerpeopletotheirproducts,forexample,asitisvibrantandmoreyouthfulthancolorslikegoldandnavy,whicholdercustomersseemtoprefer.Wearingdifferentcolorscanaffecthowyoufeelandhowothersreacttoyou,soitisimportanttoconsiderthiswhenyoudecidewhattowearinthemorning.Ifyouwantpeopletotakeyouseriously,thenwearingnavy-blueorblackisgood.Bluewouldalsobehelpfulforaninterviewororalexaminationbecauseitrelaxesyouandmakesyoufeelcalm.Redgetsyounoticedbyeveryoneandmakesyou,thewearer,feelenergetic,butbecareful,asitcanraiseyourpulserateandnoteveryonewantsthiseffect.Sothinkcarefullybeforeyouleavethehouse.Thecolorsyouchooseareawonderfultool.Areyoumakingtherightimpression—onyourselfandonothers?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing2（生活感悟）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Thesedaysoursocietydevelopsrapidlyandforcespeopletorush.Itappearsthatpeoplehavegotusedtobeinginahurry.However,it’sbetterforpeopletotaketheirtimeandlivetheirlivesataslowerpacethantohurrytogetthingsdone.Themainreasonthatconvincesustoopposedoingworkinahurryisthepossibilityofdoingwronginarush.Whenpeopledotheirjobsortakeactioninahurry,theycan’tmakeasounddecisionandprobablyregretitlater.Asthesayinggoes,"Hastemakeswaste."Weshouldthinkcarefullybeforemakingadecisionanddoourworklessquickly.Weshouldnotmakemistakesbydoingworkhurriedly.Slowingdownthepaceoflifehelpspeopleenjoytheirlifebetter.Forexample,takingatraintosomeplacecertainlywilltakemoretimethantakingaplane.However,takingatrainmakespeoplehaveenoughtimetogettoknowalotofnewfriends.Besides,itallowspeopletofullyenjoythebeautifulsceneryalongtheway.Onthecontrary,beinginahurrywillmakeuslosechancesofenjoyingourlife.Finally,aslowerlifepaceprovidesbetterhealthconditionforus.Asisknowntoall,takingactioninahurrybotherspeopleandraisestheirstress.Peoplethinkiftheyarenotinahurry,theywillbecomealoserandthatannoysthem.Butbeinginahurrycanhurtpeoplebothphysicallyandmentally.Accordingtosomestudies,peoplewhohaveaslowerpacesufferfewerdiseases,tendtobehappierandlivemuchlongerthanthosewhoselifeistense,eveniftheformerfinishworkmoreslowlythanthelatter.Inshort,workingquicklywillbringaboutmorematerialbenefitstomakeoursocietymoreadvanced.Yet,muchstresscan’tbringenjoyment,friendsandhealth,whicharemuchmoreimportantthanmoneyandothermaterialadvantages.Therefore,takeyourtimeandliveyourlifeataslowerpace.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing3（健康）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Ashumans,we’reallcompletelydifferent.Sothereisn’taone-size-fits-allanswertobeingyourhealthiestself.Instead,youhavetohavetheabilitytoworkoutwhat’sthegreatestonyourbody.Andthatisatalltimesgoingtodependuponthingsthathaveaneffectonyoupersonally,togetherwiththelifestylethatyouchoose.Whatplaysthemostimportantroleiswhatyoudailyeat.Naturaltransfats(反式脂肪)arepresentinsmallquantitiesinmilkproductsandmeats,andconsumingfat-freeorlow-fatmilkproductsandmeatswillcutbackthequantitiesofpuretransfatstakeninfromthesefoods.Becausequantitiesofnaturaltransfatsinmilkproductsandmeatsarereallysmallandthesefoodscanbeessentialsourcesofvitamins,thesefoodsdonotneedtoberemovedfromthefoodplan.Anothermethodthatyoucouldhelpyourbodyistobeabitmorelively.Weallknowthatexerciseisgoodforus.However,it’ssimpletounderestimate(低估)itsgood.Forexample,wecanoftenseethatmanypeoplequitexercisinghalfwaybecausetheysimplycan’ttoleratethedifficultythatexercisebringsthem.Actually,itiseasytohavetheintentiontotakeupexercisebutitisverychallengingtocarryitonuntilyoucanseethepositiveeffectthatexercisebringsyou.Howhealthyyouareisindicatedbythelevelofasubstanceinyourbloodreferredtoashomocysteine(高半胱氨酸).Keepingyourhomocysteinelevellow,indicatingthatyou’llbeabletorapidlyadaptandrespondtolife’sstresses,isthethirdsecretof100percenthealth.Alowhomocysteinelevelmeansasmallerriskofheartattacks,mentalillnessandmanyotherhealthissues.Tobalanceyourbloodsugar,eatfewerfast-releasingmeals(sweets,cakesandbiscuits)andmoreslow-releasingfoods(fruitandvegetables,wholegrainfoods).Additionally,youmusteatslowlyratherthanjustswallow.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing4（環(huán)保）閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Inthedeepestdiveinamannedsubmersible(潛艇),USexplorerVictorVescovospottedandvideo-recordedaplasticbagandapileofcandywrappersontheseabed.Hisdiscoveryofplasticwaste11.2kilometersbelowsealevelintheChallengerDeepinthePacificOcean,thedeepestknownpointintheEarth’soceans,meansthereisnowhereonthisplanetplasticwastecannotreach,asithasbeenfoundonMountQomolangmaandinbothArcticandAntarcticwaters.Sincethepatent(專利)forplasticswasregisteredin1907,8.3billiontonsofplasticproductshavealreadybeenproduced,ofwhich6.3billionhavebeengottenridofwithoutbeingprocessed.Mostoftheabandonedplasticproductsendupintheocean.InthePacificOcean,plasticgarbageandotherwastehavealreadyformedanisland,whichis1.6millionsquarekilometersinsize.Itisestimatedthatthetotalweightofplasticwastewillreach12billiontonsby2050,morethanthetotalweightofoceanicfish.Plasticwastekillslifeintheoceansandonthelandalikebyfillingintheirstomachssotheycannoteat,orwindingitselfaroundtheirbodiessotheycannotbreathe.ItpollutestheEarthandpreventsplants’rootsfromdiggingdeepintotheground.Plasticmicro-particles(微顆粒)alsojointhewatercycleandenterthebodiesofanimalsandevenhumans.Ashumansareatthetopofthefoodchain,plasticmicro-particlesbuildupinsideourbodies.Wanttodosomethingtochangethesituation?Don’tgetplasticbagsatthesupermarketbuttakeyourownreusableoneinstead.Giveupfastdeliverylunchesandcookorgototherestaurantinstead.Getintothehabitofsortingyourgarbage.Butit’seasiersaidthandone.Environmentalistshavebeencallingforbehavioralchangesforatleastthreedecades,yetwecontinuetouseagrowingamountofplasticproducts.Maybewecanhopeanewenvironmentallyfriendlymaterialisusedinthefuture,butfornowatleast,unlesswecontrolitsuse,plasticisgoingtocontinuetogeteverywhere.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing5閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。It’sareallygoodideatovisitcollegesbeforeyouapplybecausetheirwebsitescanallstarttolookandsoundthesame.Nothingwillgiveyouthesenseofwhatitwillactuallybeliketoliveonacollegecampus(校園)likevisitingandseeingforyourselfthedorms,classroomsandathleticequipmentand,ofcourse,thestudents.Itseemsalittlecrazyoncesenioryearhitstofindthetimetovisitcollegecampuses,anditcanalsobepriceyiftheschoolsyouareapplyingtohappentobemorethanacarrideaway.Butkeepinmindthatyouaremakingadecisionaboutthenextfouryearsofyourlife,anddoalltheresearchyoucantomakesureyouaremakingtherightone.There’snoexcusenottovisittheschoolsinyourlocalarea.Infact,alotofcollegeapplicationsevenaskifyouhavevisitedcampus,andobviously,ifyouliveacrossthecountrythatwon’tbeasmuchofapossibility,butifyoulivenearby,gocheckitout!Ifcampusvisitsaren’tgoingtohappenbeforeyouapply,attheveryleastyoushouldfindsometimebetweenapplyingandgettingyouracceptanceletterstovisittheschoolsyou’dliketoattend.Itcansaveyoualotofheartacheifyouruleoutnowthethingsthatyoudon’tlikeaboutcertaincampuses,thingsthatyouwouldn’tknowunlessyouactuallyvisit.Now,iftimeandmoneyaremakingitimpossible,thencheckouttheonlinecollegefairsatCollegeWeekLive.It’sachancetochatonlinewithadmissionsofficers,students,andcollegecounselors(顧問),anditwon’tcostyouapenny!Youcanregisterforitsonlinecollegefairat.Whilevisitinganonlinecollegefaircan’ttaketheplaceofanactualcampusvisit,itcanbeaveryusefultoolthatalongwithallyourotherresearchwillhelpyoumakeaninformeddecisionaboutwhichcollegesoruniversitiesyou’dliketoattend.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing6閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Withtheincreasinglygrowingpopularityofdistanceeducation,studentsarenowabletostudyathomebythemselves.Someexpertsineducationareadvocatesoftheindividualwayoflearning,whileothereducationalistsstronglyopposeit,claimingthatthisnewapproachmayleadtopooracademicperformance.Inmyopinion,groupstudy(studyingasagroup)hasmanymoretooffer,andthereforeweshouldalwaysputgroupstudyfirst.Itistruethatweshouldvalueindividualism,pridingourselvesonourindependenceandourabilitytomakeupourownminds.This,however,doesnotnecessarilymeanthat,withself-relianceinmind,wecanalwaysstartacoursethatleadstosuccess,nomatterwhatwedo.Afterall,sometimesthingsgotheotherwayround.Letusbeginbyhavingacloseexaminationofstudying,whichmightinvolveinteractionbetweenteachersandstudentsatfirstthought.Butdoescommunicationamonglearnerscount?Theanswerisabsolutely"Yes".Byexchangingthoughtswithourstudypartners,wecanhaveawiderrangeofknowledgeofthesubjectandoftenatadeeperlevel;bycomparingourselveswithotherstudents,wecangetaclearideaofwherewearesothatwemaybemotivatedtoworkhardtokeeppacewithothersifwelagbehindothers.Itisknowntoallthathumansare"gregarious(群居的)animals".Notonlydowestudyorplaytogether,butalsoweworkingroups.Almostallmembersofoursocietyneedtogainsocialskillsinpreparationfortheircareers,andstudyingwithotherpeopleoffersthegreatestopportunitytolearnhowtocommunicateandcooperatewithothers.Peoplewhostudyallbythemselvesmayprovetheirlearningability,buttheymaynotsurviveinthecompetitivejobmarket,fortheylackrelevantsocialskills.Whileweshouldencouragestudentstodeveloptheirownmindset,theimportantroleplayedbygroupstudyshouldneverbeundervalued.Allinall,studentswhostudyindependentlymightneedtochangetheirstudyinghabitsinordertoachievesuccessinthefuture._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Writing7閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Areyoutryingtomakeabigdecisionwhileyou’realsopreparingforastressfulpresentation?Youmightwanttoholdoffthat.Feelingstressfulchangeshowpeopleweighriskandreward.AnarticlepublishedinCurrentDirectionsinPsychologicalSciencesuggestspeopleunderstresspaymoreattentiontothepositivesidesofapossibleoutcome.It’sabitsurprisingthatstressmakespeoplefocusonthewaythingscouldgoright,saysMaraMatherfromtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Sheco-wrotethereviewpaperwithNicholeR.Lighthall."Thisissortofnotwhatpeoplewouldthink,"Mathersays."Stressisusuallyassociatedwithnegativeexperiences,soyou’dthink‘MaybeI’mgoingtobemorefocusedonthenegativeoutcomes’."Butresearchershavefoundthatwhenpeopleareunderstress,theystartpayingmoreattentiontopositiveinformationanddiscountingnegativeinformation."Stressseemstohelppeoplelearnfrompositivefeedbackandimpair(削弱)theirlearningfromnegativefeedback,"Mathersays.Whenpeopleunderstressaremakingadifficultdecision,theymaypaymoreattentiontothegoodsidesofthealternativesthey’reconsideringandlesstotheproblems.Sosomeonewho’sthinkingwhethertotakeanewjobandisfeelingstressfulaboutitmightfocusontheincreaseinsalarymorethanthelongercommute(上下班路程).Theincreasedfocusonthepositivesalsohelpsexplainwhystressplaysaroleinevokingaddictions.Peopleunderstresshaveahardertimecontrollingtheirurges."Thecompulsiontogettherewardcomesstrongerand