中考考點(diǎn)梳理

表格版演示課件

（形容詞和副詞）做定語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ)做補(bǔ)語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)做表語(yǔ)做后置定語(yǔ)名轉(zhuǎn)形：-y;-ly;-ern;-ful形轉(zhuǎn)副：-y;-;y形容詞副詞形容詞形容詞和副詞級(jí)別比較級(jí)最高級(jí)原級(jí)比較級(jí)+than比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)the+比較級(jí)...，the+比較級(jí)...the+最高級(jí)+in/of...the+序數(shù)詞+最高級(jí)oneofthe+最高級(jí)+名詞（復(fù)數(shù)）as...asnotas/so...as

分類含義示例中考考點(diǎn)概述形容詞和副詞的辨析形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)詞語(yǔ)運(yùn)用中考查形容詞和副詞填空詞義辨析，讀懂語(yǔ)境，理解詞義1.than是比較級(jí)的標(biāo)志詞：oneof...是最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志，as...as是原級(jí)的標(biāo)志2.結(jié)合語(yǔ)境來(lái)判斷使用哪種形式?；旌媳嫖觯崭裉幩揎椀某煞謥?lái)判定1.形容詞修飾名詞;2.副詞修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞;3.如果空格前是系動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞，則空格處需要用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。3.特殊句型或結(jié)構(gòu)，如“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”先分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，弄清成分，判斷詞性，正確形式;根據(jù)詞匯的變化規(guī)律或固定句式結(jié)構(gòu)，寫(xiě)出正確的單詞形式

-ing形容詞”令人...的”-ed形容詞"感到...的”常用來(lái)說(shuō)明事物，表示事物的性質(zhì)或特征。通常用于說(shuō)明人，主語(yǔ)多為人，不用于說(shuō)明事物。tiring令人累的tired累的satisfying令人滿意的satisfied滿意的surprising令人吃驚的surprised驚訝的worrying令人擔(dān)心的worried擔(dān)心的amazing令人吃驚的amazed驚訝的shocking令人吃驚的shocked驚訝的disappointing令人失望的disappointed失望的embarrassing令人尷尬的embarrassed尷尬的frightening令人害怕的frightened感到害怕的一、-ing形容詞和-ed形容詞思考與練習(xí)1.Thecustomerswereall

toseethe

sceneinthesupermarketyesterday.A.amazing;amazed

B.amazing;amazing

C.amazed;amazed

D.amazed;amazing2.Lawsthatpunishparentsfortheirlittlechildren'sactionsagainstthelawsgetparents

.A.worried

B.toworriedC.worrying

D.worry3.Thelittleboyisn'tgettingonwellinmathsandworsestill,heisevenunwillingtogotoschool.Withherson

，shefeelsvery

.A.disappointing;worrying B.disappointing:worriedC.disappointed;worried D.disappointed;worrying4.Asweallknow,typingisa

jobtoa

heart.A.tired;tired B.tired;tiringC.tiring;tired D.tiring;tiring句意:這個(gè)小男孩兒數(shù)學(xué)不好，更糟糕的是，他甚至不愿意去學(xué)校。由于她的兒子令人失望，她感到非常擔(dān)心。表示”令人，的”，用-ing形容詞;表示”感到......的，用-ed形容詞.第一空填tiring，表示”使人勞累的“;第二空填tired，表示”感到勞累的”。

It's+adj.+of+sb.+不定式It’s+adj.(+for+sb.)+不定式某人做某事怎么樣做某事(對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō))怎么樣kind(友善的)difficult(困難的)，hard(艱難的),nice(友好的)easy(容易的)polite(有禮貌的)impossible(不可能的)clever(聰明的)dangerous(危險(xiǎn)的)foolish(愚蠢的)safe(安全的)lazy(懶惰的)useful(有益的)careful(細(xì)心的)pleasant(令人愉快的)careless(粗心的)interesting(有趣的)It'sniceofyoutosayso.It’snecessaryforustofinditout.二、常接不定式的形容詞分類用法示例三、常接不定式的形容詞表示感情或情緒表示能力和意志glad/pleased(高興的)

sorry(遺憾的)sad(憂傷的)ready(有準(zhǔn)備的)

able(有能力的)sure(一定)

certain(一定)I'msorrytohearthat.LeiFengisalwaysreadytohelpothers.

四、接形容詞做表語(yǔ)“anumberof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”Thepairofpantsistooexpensive.類別詞語(yǔ)含義示例狀態(tài)系be是，在感官系look看起來(lái)feel感覺(jué)；摸起來(lái)smell聞起來(lái)sound聽(tīng)起來(lái)taste嘗起來(lái)Theboyisveryclever.Youlookbeautifulinthereddress.Thedressfeelssoft.Theflowerssmellsweet.Themusicsoundsbeautiful.Thenoodlestastedelicious.類別示例備注

時(shí)間副詞地點(diǎn)副詞方式副詞程度副詞疑問(wèn)副詞關(guān)系副詞now,then,today,tomorrow,yesterday,before,ago,soon,lately,early,already等outside,inside,upstairs,here,there,home,near,away,in,back,off,up,anywhere等quickly,happily,loudly,suddenly,luckily,badly,easily等very,quite,rather,too,much,so等when,where,why,how等when,where,why副詞的分類頻度副詞always,usually,often,sometimes,hardly,seldom,never等確定句子時(shí)態(tài)的重要標(biāo)志前面不加介詞大多由“形容詞+ly”構(gòu)成有的可以修飾形容詞和副詞的原級(jí)或比較級(jí)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表頻率，回答howoften引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問(wèn)句

副詞用法示例做狀語(yǔ)

修飾動(dòng)詞修飾形容詞或副詞修飾整個(gè)句子作定語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Hestudieshard.Thegirlisveryhappy.Luckily,nothingvaluablewasstolen.Thefoodhereisverydelicious.Myfatherwillbebackinaweek.Lethimin,please.

短語(yǔ)用法示例howlong,howsoon,howoften與howfarhowlonghowsoonhowfar提問(wèn)一段時(shí)間，“for+時(shí)間段”或“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”多遠(yuǎn)，對(duì)距離提問(wèn)—HowlonghaveyoubeeninBeijing?—Fortwoyears.—HowsoonwillMr.Wangcomeback?—Intwodays.—HowoftendoyouwatchTV?—Threetimesaweek.提問(wèn)某個(gè)動(dòng)作多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間之后發(fā)生或結(jié)束，常用“in+時(shí)間段”對(duì)頻率提問(wèn)，常用once/twiceaday等回答howoften—Howfarisitfromyourhometoyourschool?—Abouttwokilometers.

短語(yǔ)用法示例hard與hardlyhardhardly努力地;猛烈地LiMingworkshardatschool.Hehardlyworks.幾乎不，是否定副詞

短語(yǔ)用法示例toomuch,toomany與muchtootoomuchtoomany“太多”，修飾不可數(shù)名詞Thereistoomuchwaterontheroad.Therearetoomanypeopleinthesupermarket.Theseshoesaremuchtootight.“太多”，toomany修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)“太,非?！?，修飾形容詞或副詞原級(jí)muchtoo

構(gòu)成方法示例加-enwood→wooden,gold→golden,wool→woolen加-erneast→eastern,west→western,southeast→southeastern加-ycloud→cloudy,wind→windy,health→healthy加-lyfriend→friendly,week→weekly,month→monthly加-fulcare→careful,help→helpful,wonder→wonderful加-lesshome→homeless,care→careless,hope→hopeless加-nAsia→Asian,Australia→Australian,India→Indian加-ousdanger→dangerous,humor→humorous,courage→courageous常見(jiàn)的名詞變形容詞的方法

情況

構(gòu)成方法示例形容詞變副詞的方法:一般由形容詞+-ly構(gòu)成一般情況以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾以元音字母+e結(jié)尾加-ly去e加-lyquick→quickly,brave→bravelyeasy→easily,happy→happilysimple→simply,gentle→gently將y改成i再加-ly去e加-y以le結(jié)尾true→truly,due→duly注意：一般名詞后面加-ly是形容詞，friendly友好的;lonely孤獨(dú)的;lovely可愛(ài)的;lively充滿活力的,生動(dòng)有趣的。

情況

形容詞義副詞詞義常見(jiàn)的形容詞、副詞同形的單詞fastearlyhard快的努力的;硬的;艱難的快早在高處早的高的high努力地;堅(jiān)硬地;艱難地late晚的;遲到的晚;遲straight直的徑直地;直線地high高的-high在高處-highly非常,高度地praisehighly高度贊揚(yáng)形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成—規(guī)則變化Thepairofpantsistooexpensive.類別構(gòu)成方法原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)多音節(jié)部分雙音節(jié)colderharder

largerlatereasierhappierbiggerwettermorebeautifulmorequicklymostbeautifulmostquicklycoldesthardest

largestlatest

easiesthappiestbiggestwettestcoldhardlargelateeasyhappybigwet直接加

直接加-r/-st

y變i加

雙寫(xiě)加

beautifulquickly前加more/less;most/least

形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的構(gòu)成—不規(guī)則變化Thepairofpantsistooexpensive.原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)betterworsemorelessfurther(進(jìn)一步的)farthest(最遠(yuǎn)的)bestworstmostleastgood/wellbad/badlymany/muchlittlefarolder(年紀(jì)較大的)oldest(年紀(jì)最大的)oldelder(較年長(zhǎng)的)eldest(最年長(zhǎng)的)further(進(jìn)一步的)furthest(最大限度的)形容詞和副詞原級(jí)的用法Thepairofpantsistooexpensive.條件結(jié)構(gòu)示例very/so/too/quite+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+enough倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as+B”結(jié)構(gòu)，A是B的幾倍LiMingisastallasDanny.Theboxistooheavy.Shesingswellenough.有表示程度的副詞very,so,too,enough,quite等修飾時(shí)表示A與B在某一方面程度相同或不同時(shí)as+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as+B，“A和B一樣”notas/so+形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as+B，“A不如B”Thisroomisthreetimesasbigasthatone.Iamnotas/socarefulasMary.原級(jí)的判斷:句中有as...as...結(jié)構(gòu)或有very,so,too,quite,enough等修飾，則用原級(jí)。

句型示例

形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+than倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)+thanalittle,abit,alot,much,even,still,far+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)“越來(lái)越...”Thisroomisbiggerthanthatone.HerunsfasterthanTom.Thisroomisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.HerunstwicefasterthanTom.Ifeelevenworsenow.Ourcityismoreandmorebeautiful.形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的用法:表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用比較級(jí)the+比較級(jí),the+比較級(jí)“越...越...”Themorecarefulyouare,thefewermistakesyou’llmake.

句型含義示例

特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be/實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+形容詞/副詞比較級(jí)，AorB?A+be/實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+形容詞比較級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞(+介詞短語(yǔ))A+be/實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+the+形容詞比較級(jí)+of

the

two+...Whichisbigger,theearthorthemoon?TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriverinChina.Heisthethinnerofthetwo.形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)的用法:表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用比較級(jí)A、B兩者中哪一個(gè)更...？A最...A是兩者中較.....的一個(gè)

句型含義示例

(the)形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)+(名詞+)表示比較范圍的短語(yǔ)或從句主語(yǔ)+be+oneofthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+in/of/

among

短語(yǔ)特殊疑問(wèn)詞+名詞+be/實(shí)義動(dòng)詞+the+形容詞/副詞最高級(jí)+名詞，A,B，orC?Thisappleisthebiggestofthefive.Irun(the)fastestinmyclass.BeijingisoneofthelargestcitiesinChina.Whichcountryisthelargest,China,BrazilorCanada?形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)......中最.....的....是.....中最..之一用于三者以上的比較the序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+范圍TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.在.....是第幾最1.Peterhasa

memoryandoftenforgetsthenamesofpeoplearoundhim.A.long B.good C.rich D.poor2.Kelly,don’tgoout,please.It'sraining

.A.slowly B.heavily C.luckily句意:彼得記性很差，他經(jīng)常忘記周圍人的名字。long長(zhǎng)的;good好的;rich富有的，豐富的;poor貧窮的，可憐的，糟糕的。根據(jù)下文“經(jīng)常忘記他周圍人的名字”可知“記性很差”。用poormemory表達(dá)。練習(xí)句意:凱莉，不要出去，外面在下大雨。slowly慢慢地;heavily大量地;luckily幸運(yùn)地。根據(jù)前一句“不要出去”，可知雨下得很大。3.Childrenusuallyplaythiskindofwordgame

thangrown-ups.A.well B.better C.best4.—Whatis

riverinChina?—TheYangtzeRiver.It’sabout6,300kilometerslong.A.long B.longer C.longest D.thelongest句意:孩子們玩這種文字游戲通常比大人們玩得好。由句中關(guān)鍵詞than“比”可以推斷此處應(yīng)使用比較級(jí)。句意:—中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流是什么?—長(zhǎng)江。它大約6300公里長(zhǎng)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句式可知，本題考查“the+形容詞最高級(jí)+比較范圍”句式，故此處應(yīng)為thelongest。5.Martinwentout

(angry)whenheheardthenews.本題考查形容詞、副詞詞形變化。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，推知括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)wentout，需用其副詞形式angrily1.(2021.福建)—Dad,Igetagoodjob.—Congratulations!Workhardandmakeyourselfmore

.A.valuable B.fashionable C.comfortable2.(2021·上海)Tobehealthier,sheatelessjunkfoodand

fruitandvegetablesthanbefore.A.many B.much C.more D.most3.(2021.天津)Ourjobisveryimportantandwehadbettermakesureitisdone

.A.hardly B.properly C.suddenly D.hungrily4.(2021.北京)—Whichsportis

，football,basketballorvolleyball?—Basketball,Ithink.A.interesting B.moreinterestingC.mostinteresting D.themostinteresting5.(2021·湖北)ThoseT—shirtsareusually$35each,buttodaytheyhavea

priceof$19intheShoppingCenter.A.normal B.special C.high D.double6.(2021.福建)—Mom,whydoweseldomgoouttoeat?—Honey,homecookingis

andcanimprovethefamilyrelationship.A.healthy B.healthier C.healthiest7.(2021·江蘇)Seeingthebasketballinthepicture,I

believeit'sarealone.A.properly B.highly C.nearly D.hardly8.(2021·黑龍江)EveryoneinourvillagelikesHarrybecausehealwaystalkstoothers

.A.unfriendly B.lovely C.politely D.slowly