第6講體裁微解——記敘文記敘文是以寫人、記事、狀物為主要內(nèi)容，以記敘和描寫為表達(dá)方式的文章。一篇記敘文，無(wú)論長(zhǎng)短都應(yīng)該是一個(gè)完全獨(dú)立的事實(shí)，描寫人物、地點(diǎn)、事件和過程，表達(dá)作者的某種情感。主要具有以下特點(diǎn)：選材新穎、生動(dòng)、真實(shí)、典型的素材描寫，讓讀者有身臨其境的感覺。內(nèi)容記敘文應(yīng)該包括六要素，即：時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人物、起因、經(jīng)過和結(jié)果?？梢园词录l(fā)生的時(shí)間順序?qū)懀部梢园词录l(fā)生的先后寫。形式順敘、倒敘、插敘。語(yǔ)言一般過去時(shí)為主，各種時(shí)態(tài)為輔，合理使用豐富多彩的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)記敘文首要的語(yǔ)言特征；多用動(dòng)詞，尤其是動(dòng)態(tài)強(qiáng)的行為動(dòng)詞是英語(yǔ)記敘文又一個(gè)明顯的語(yǔ)言特征。命題主要集中在多個(gè)事件的先后順序與人物的情感態(tài)度上。高考英語(yǔ)記敘文設(shè)題主要集中在細(xì)節(jié)理解題和推理判斷題，因此，閱讀這類文章時(shí)，應(yīng)該在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，一方面要依據(jù)文章的順序和故事的發(fā)展弄清一系列事件的先后順序以及它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，必要時(shí)可以對(duì)事件進(jìn)行排序；另一方面，還要根據(jù)人物的處境和描寫、議論時(shí)所用的特定詞語(yǔ)來(lái)準(zhǔn)確把握人物的情感與態(tài)度，做到入情入境，特別要留意描寫和議論時(shí)所用的形容詞和副詞。具體答題策略如下：策略指導(dǎo)技法解讀弄清六要素何人、何時(shí)、何地，因何原因做了何事，結(jié)果如何，有何啟示或感想。弄清寫作目的證明一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)；贊美某種美德；譴責(zé)某種罪惡；提供娛樂。關(guān)注開頭和結(jié)尾把握事情的動(dòng)向，尾段經(jīng)常是主題的升華所在。關(guān)注情感主線分析事情的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，弄清人物關(guān)系，透析文章的情感主線。(2022·浙江1月·A)Fornearlyadecadenow，Merebethhasbeenaself-employedpettransportspecialist.Herpettransportjobwasbornofthefinancialcrisis(危機(jī))inthelate2000s.Thedownturnhittherealestate(房地產(chǎn))firmwhereshehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.Thefirmwentbrokeandleftherlookingforanewjob.Oneday，whiledrivingnearherhome，shesawadogwanderingontheroad，clearlylost.Shetookithome，andhersisterinDenveragreedtotakeit.Thiswasalovinghomeforsure，but1,600milesaway.Itdidn’ttakelongforMerebethtodecidetodrivethedogthereherself.Itwasherfirstroadtriptohernewjob.Merebeth’spetdeliveryservicesatisfiesherwanderlust.IthastakenhertoeverystateintheUSexceptMontana，WashingtonandOregon，shesaysproudly.Ifshewantstovisitanewplace，shewillsimplyfindapetwithtransportneedsthere.Shetravelsinallweathers.Shehasdriventhrough55mphwindsinWyoming，heavyfloodingandstormsinAlabamaandtotalwhiteoutconditionsinKansas.Thiswanderlustisinheritedfromherfather，shesays.HemovedtheirfamilyfromCanadatoCaliforniawhenshewasoneyearold，becausehewantedthemtoexploreanewplacetogether.AssoonasshegraduatedfromhighschoolshelefthometoliveonCatalinaIslandofftheCaliforniacoast，awayfromherparents，wheresheenjoyedalifeofsailingandoff-roadbiking.Itturnsoutthatpettransportingpaysquitewellatabout$30,000peryearbeforetax.Shedoesn’tworkinsummer，asitwouldbeunpleasantlyhotfortheanimalsinthecar，evenwithairconditioning.Asautumncomes，shegetsrestless—thesameoldwanderlustreturning.It’sacallshemusthandlealone，though.Merebethsays，“WhenI’montheroadI’mjustinmyownworld.I’vealwaysbeenindependent-spiritedandIjustfeelstronglythatImusthelpanimals.”21．WhydidMerebethchangeherjob?A．Shewantedtoworknearherhome.B．Shewastiredofworkingintheoffice.C．HersisteraskedhertomovetoDenver.D．Herformeremployerwasoutofbusiness.22．Theword“wanderlust”inparagraph2meansadesireto________.A．makemoneyB．tryvariousjobsC．beclosetonatureD．traveltodifferentplaces23．WhatcanwelearnaboutMerebethinhernewjob?A．Shehaschancestoseerareanimals.B．Sheworkshardthroughouttheyear.C．Shereliesonherselfthewholetime.D．Sheearnsabasicandtax-freesalary.A(2022·安徽鼎尖聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Reilly，mydaughter’syellowLabradorRetriever，enjoyslifeinthecountry.He’sfriendly，playfulandintelligent.Reillyhasanactivelifestyle.Buthe’sbuiltlikeatankasafoodie.Reillywatcheseverypiecethatgoesfromourhandstoourmouths.Dropit，andwedon’tstandachanceofbeatinghimtoit.It’sgoneinoneswallow.Ifwe’repreparingdinnerandignoringhim，hecatchestheedgeofhiswide-mouthedcheese-ballfarwithhisjawsintothekitchen.Hishopeisthatsomeonewilldropdoggietreatsinhisjar.Hedropsitwithaloudnoiseontothehardwoodfloor.Reilly’shungry，yousee.He’salwayshungry.Nobodywillrefusetotreathim.Thenhewilltakethejarawayanddropitonthefloorsothatthetreatsbounceout，andhethrowshimselfontothemasfastaslightning.Helovesthisgame!Oneday，Reillydisappeared，andmydaughterErindidn’tknowwherehewent.Heisn’tallowedtoleavetheyard，andusuallyhedoesn’t.Buthedidthatday.Erinwasworriedandwalkedtoneighbors’homeslookingforhim.NoReilly.Sometimelater，thebigdogwasback...andnotempty-handed.Inhishugemouthwasadeliciousroastbeef，stillwarm.Erinfeltlightheaded.Whosedinnerwasthis？Wheredidhegetit？Whatwouldpeoplethinkwhentheywentoutdoorsandfoundtheirgrillemptyandtheirroastgone?Nobodyseemedtoknowathingaboutit.OnebigyellowLabknew，ofcourse，buthewasn’ttalking.“Oh，Reilly，whathaveyoudone？”mydaughtersaid.Tothisday，notasingleneighborhasreportedsuchatheft.1．WhatisReillylike?A．Heisclumsy.B．Heisaggressive.C．Hehasahugeweight.D．Healwaysfollowsorders.2．HowdoesReillymanagetogetfoodfromthekitchen?A．Bymakingloudnoisewithitsjar.B．Byjumpingontothefoodquickly.C．Bydroppinghimselfontothefloor.D．Bybarkingatthepersonwhoiscooking.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)ightheaded”inparagraph3mean?A．Relieved. B．Confused.C．Recharged. D．Clearheaded.4．Whatcanbeknownaboutthebeef?A．ItwasatreatfromErin.B．Reillystoleitfromathief.C．Itssourceremainsamystery.D．Reillyrefusedtotellitstruth.BCimabue，thegreatestpainteroftheMiddleAgesinItaly，wassurprisedonedayafterhislunchbreaktodiscoverthataflyhadseateditselfunderthenoseofacharacterthathehadbeenworkingon.Heswatted(重拍)atthefly，butitdidnotmove.Hereachedouttotouchtheinsect，onlytofinditwasonlywetpaint.Turningaround，hesawthathisapprentice(學(xué)徒)，Giotto，waslaughing.GiottohadpaintedtheflywhenCimabuewasaway，anditlookedsorealthatCimabuehadbeencompletelyfooled.GiottodiBondonewasbornintoapoorfamilyinavillage.Legendhasitthatoneday，whenCimabuewaswanderingaroundthecountryside，hespottedayoungshepherdboydrawingpicturesofhissheep，whichweresovividthatCimabueimmediatelyaskedhimtocometoFlorenceandlearnhowtopaint.ThatwashowGiotto’sstorybeganinFlorence，wheretheyoungstudentflourishedunderCimabue’sinstructionandsoonsurpassedhismasterinskill.Atthattime，peopleinpaintingsdidn’tlookreal，andthesymbolismofartwasdifficultforviewerstoconnectwithit.Innovation(創(chuàng)新)wasnotstressed，soarthadremainedthesameforhundredsofyears.However，Giottothoughtartshouldbesomethingmoreconnectedwithpeopleinamorerealisticway.Hismasterpiecesincludedthefortymajorfrescoes(壁畫)fortheArenaChapel.Adoptingmanytechniquesthatwereuncommonthen，hepaintedpeoplethewayhesawthem，insteadoftheoverlytallandboxypeoplethatotherartistspainted.Hecreatedthree-dimensionalspacebyusingperspective，somethingthathadnotbeendonesinceRomantimes.Inadditiontopainting，Giottowrotepoetryanddrewarchitecturalplans.WhenGiottowasinhissixties，hepaintedtheOgnissantiMadonna，anotherfamo