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專題04閱讀理解…議論文

目錄

01知識(shí)腦圖?學(xué)科框架速建

02考點(diǎn)精析?知識(shí)能力全解

【知能解讀01】五年高考議論文考情統(tǒng)/

【知能解讀02】五年高考議論文考情解讀

【知能解讀03】閱讀理解議論文高頻題型

【知能解讀04】閱讀理解議論文選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)

【知能解讀05】閱讀理解議論文解題思路

【重難點(diǎn)突破01】細(xì)節(jié)理解題

【重難點(diǎn)突破02】推理判斷題

04避坑錦囊?易混易錯(cuò)診療

【易混易錯(cuò)01】文章大意題

【易混易錯(cuò)02】寫(xiě)作意圖題

05通法提煉?高頻思維拆解

【方法技巧01】閱讀理解議論文答題誤區(qū)

【方法技巧02】閱讀理解議論文誤區(qū)應(yīng)對(duì)

【方法技巧03】閱讀理解議論文滿分策略

嗑六百圖與科框架速建

閱讀理解議論文知識(shí)腦圖?學(xué)科框架

/五年高考議論文考情統(tǒng)計(jì)〕

<(五年高考議論文考情解讀)

考點(diǎn)精析卜■(閱讀理解議論文高頻題型)

q閱讀理解議論文選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn))

q閱讀理解議論文解題思路)

細(xì)節(jié)理解題

攻堅(jiān)指南)

推理判斷題

議論文

d文章大意題:

[整錦奉)■(寫(xiě)作意圖題:

q標(biāo)題概括題:

/閱讀理解議論文答題誤區(qū)〕

通法提履〉{閱讀理解議論文誤區(qū)喇

Y閱讀理解議論文滿分策略)

考點(diǎn)精祈?知識(shí)能力全解

知惋解篌(:01五年高考議論文考情統(tǒng)計(jì)

細(xì)節(jié)猜測(cè)推理主旨

卷別主題話題詞數(shù)

理解題詞義題判斷題大意題

2

2025全國(guó)一卷人與自然反思街道功能重視城市宜居性323+13311

2024新課標(biāo)I卷人與自然紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀音頻差異345+145112

2024全國(guó)甲全人與自然書(shū)評(píng)-如何幫助作家寫(xiě)出好結(jié)尾354+14613

2

2023全國(guó)乙卷人與社會(huì)物品納入歷史理解無(wú)文字社會(huì)343+13011

2022全國(guó)甲卷人與社會(huì)介紹發(fā)現(xiàn)悉尼發(fā)展遇到的問(wèn)題340+152121

2022全國(guó)乙卷人與社會(huì)書(shū)評(píng)-介紹Dorothy書(shū)籍并評(píng)價(jià)319+12222

2021新課標(biāo)I卷人與社會(huì)作者提出情商研究的未來(lái)期望297+126121

202!全國(guó)甲卷人與自然作者提出“天才”有很多種形式300+123121

皿肛()2五年高考議論文考情解讀

1.選材范圍

議論文涉及的論題具有生活化的特征,與社會(huì)生活密切相關(guān)。從命題上看?,議論文閱讀理解以考查細(xì)

節(jié)理解和推理判斷為主,但不排除時(shí)觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的考查??忌谄綍r(shí)的閱讀訓(xùn)練中要閱讀一定數(shù)量的議論文,

以了解和掌握議論文的結(jié)構(gòu)和行文特征。

2.文體特征

議論文應(yīng)該觀點(diǎn)明確、論據(jù)充分、語(yǔ)言精練、論證合理、有嚴(yán)密的邏輯性。議論文通常買用三段論式

的結(jié)構(gòu),即“提出問(wèn)題(引論)一分析問(wèn)題(本論)一解決問(wèn)題1結(jié)論)”。由此可見(jiàn),要理解議論文有兩個(gè)

關(guān)鍵點(diǎn),?是要弄清文章的論點(diǎn)是什么、采用了哪些論據(jù)、如何論證;二是要理清其基本結(jié)構(gòu)一一二段論式

結(jié)構(gòu)。

3.設(shè)題規(guī)律

從命題來(lái)看,閱讀理解議論文考查學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)篇的整體埋解能力及細(xì)節(jié)信息的提取和推斷能力,題型包

括細(xì)節(jié)理解題、詞義猜測(cè)題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題,其中推理判斷題和主旨大意題占比最高。

知餓靜桎]:03五年高考議論文高頻題型

能否正確把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度是體現(xiàn)閱讀能力的重要方面。一般來(lái)說(shuō),對(duì)作者的總的態(tài)度和傾向,

必須在通讀全文,掌握了論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)后,方能做出判斷。在判斷作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度時(shí),我們應(yīng)注意,有時(shí)候作

者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度并不是明確地表達(dá)出來(lái)的,需要我們認(rèn)真體察。做推理判斷時(shí),一定要遵循邏輯規(guī)律,以

事實(shí)為依據(jù)進(jìn)行合理的推理。

4.注意干擾規(guī)律

①包含項(xiàng)原則

在答案選項(xiàng)分析中,假如對(duì)A選項(xiàng)的理解概括了對(duì)其他三項(xiàng)(或其中某一項(xiàng))的理解,那么我們就說(shuō)選

項(xiàng)A與其他三項(xiàng)是包含或概括關(guān)系,包含項(xiàng)A往往就是正確答案。如在”花"與“玫瑰"兩選項(xiàng)中,正確

答案肯定是"花”,花包含了玫瑰。

②正反項(xiàng)原則

所謂正反項(xiàng),是指兩選項(xiàng)陳述的命題完全相矛盾。兩個(gè)相互矛盾的陳述不能都是假的,其中必有一真。

所以,假如四選項(xiàng)中A、B互為正反項(xiàng),那我們通常先排除C、D項(xiàng),正確答案一般在A、B項(xiàng)當(dāng)中。

③委婉項(xiàng)原則

所謂委婉,這里是指說(shuō)話不能說(shuō)死,要留有余地。閱讀理解選項(xiàng)中語(yǔ)氣平和、委婉的往往是正確答案。

這些選項(xiàng)一般含有不十分肯定或試探性語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá),如:probably,possibly,may.usually,might,mostof,more

orless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition,tendto等等,而含有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的表達(dá)往往

不是正確答案,如:must,always,never,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。

④同形項(xiàng)原則

命題者往往先將正確答案設(shè)置在一個(gè)大命題范圍,然后通過(guò)語(yǔ)言形式的細(xì)微變化來(lái)考查考生的理解能

力與分析能力。同形項(xiàng)原則告訴我們:詞匯與句法結(jié)構(gòu)相似的選項(xiàng)中有正確答案的存在。

⑤常識(shí)項(xiàng)原則

議論文中,那些符合一般常識(shí)、意義深刻富有哲理、符合一般規(guī)律、屬于普遍現(xiàn)象的往往是正確答案。

⑥因果項(xiàng)原則

閱讀理解的邏輯推理基本都是通過(guò)因果鏈進(jìn)行的,前因后具,一步步循序漸進(jìn)。然而,在推理題的選

項(xiàng)中,有的選項(xiàng)會(huì)推理不到位(止于前因),或者推理過(guò)頭(止于后果),這就是所謂的干擾項(xiàng)。因果項(xiàng)原則啟

示我們:假如四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)互為同一事物推理過(guò)程中的因果關(guān)系,那么正確答案就是兩個(gè)因果項(xiàng)中的

其中之一。如果因項(xiàng)可產(chǎn)生幾個(gè)結(jié)果,那么答案就是因;如果果項(xiàng)可以對(duì)應(yīng)幾個(gè)原因,那么答案就是果。

攻堅(jiān)指南?高頻重難點(diǎn)突破

章雍支突破?:01細(xì)節(jié)理解題

1.命題方式

細(xì)節(jié)理解題在閱讀理解議論文占有一定比例,核心是落實(shí)“原文定位''和“同義替換”。

28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?(2025全國(guó)一卷)

32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?(2021新課標(biāo)I卷)

2.思維導(dǎo)圖

步驟一:鎖依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞找到文中相應(yīng)信息的、

歸定關(guān)鍵詞段落或語(yǔ)句

概-鬣盤(pán)■(對(duì)比、歸納、總結(jié)文中的信息或事莢

」步驟三:,選出與所歸納的信息最接近的選項(xiàng)作、

分析選項(xiàng)為正確答案

XVJ

3.解題步既

概括信息題要求學(xué)生通過(guò)思性分析對(duì)原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息進(jìn)行歸納概括。為了增加細(xì)節(jié)信息

試題的難度,命題人有時(shí)也會(huì)采用較為概括的方式來(lái)進(jìn)行命題,?個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)理解題涉及一段內(nèi)的多個(gè)信息點(diǎn)或

者多段的具體內(nèi)容,需要考生進(jìn)行概括和歸納后才能回答。

跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025全國(guó)一卷閱讀C篇片段)

Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshow

declinesinpedestrian(彳j:人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere'stoomuchtraffic

ontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.

28.Whalphenomenondoes(heauthorpointoutinparagraphi?

A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad.

B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.

C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore.

D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.

跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2024新課標(biāo)I卷閱讀C篇片段)

Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturnto

thesetechnologies-say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,

psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthan

iftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.

30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?

A.Theycanholdstudents,attention.

B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.

C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.

D.Theyarcmoreinformativethantext.

聿■支突破?:02推理判斷題

i.命題形式

推理判斷題考查考生推理和判斷的能力,以及深層次的閱讀理解能力。主:要考查隱含推I析題、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)

度題、寫(xiě)作意圖題、文章出處題、文章類型題、讀者對(duì)象題等。在進(jìn)行推斷時(shí),要透過(guò)字里行間,去體會(huì)

作者的“弦外之音”,要據(jù)文推理、合情推理,不可脫離原文、主觀臆斷。

30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?(2025全國(guó)一卷)

34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?(2021新課標(biāo)I卷)

2.思維導(dǎo)圖

H隱含推斷題H要求根藏中的信息進(jìn)行合座被麗麗:理解作者的“言外之意1

T觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題H個(gè)人對(duì)某個(gè)話題:行為:事件的看法「感覺(jué)或判球

理T寫(xiě)作手法題主要考查全文或某個(gè)段落的組織方式和所運(yùn)用的寫(xiě)作手法

斷T寫(xiě)作意圖題H包括全篇的寫(xiě)作意圖和某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的寫(xiě)作意圖:

〕T文聿出處/類別題}-文牽出自某個(gè)癱(如雜志】掖心網(wǎng)站等)或者文章南于某種文體

T作者身份/讀者對(duì)象題卜:推測(cè)作者的身份或涯的目標(biāo)群體;

3.解題策略

①“立足原文,只推一步”:根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)單推理,一步即可推得。

②選項(xiàng)中一般不出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念,如only、never、alLabsolutely等,正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊,會(huì)用

能夠留有一些余地的詞匯,如often、usuallysometimes、some、may、might、can、could、probably等。

跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025全國(guó)二卷D篇片段)

Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornew

roadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalist

whohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.

Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市長(zhǎng))to

champion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliain

thelate1960sand1970saswell.

Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletely

redesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustralia

wenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcar

ownershipintheworld.

3().WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?

A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars.

B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.

C.Theywongovernmentsupport.

D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.

跟蹤訓(xùn)練(2021新課標(biāo)I卷D篇片段)

Althoughpopularbeliefsregaidingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonably

support,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthis

popularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothers

interestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedbaththepublic

andresearchersre-evaluatethefunciionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.

34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?

A.Favorable.B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Unclear.

避筑錦妻?易混易錯(cuò)診療

易混易精(:01文章大意題

何一篇文章都有自己的主旨,所以我們?cè)陂喿x一篇文章時(shí),首先要弄清楚的就是文章的主旨,明確主

旨之后才能進(jìn)一步理解文章的深層內(nèi)容和主題意義。主旨大意題旨在考查考生把握文章整體內(nèi)容和中心思

想的能力。

1.命題形式

31.Whatdocsthetextmainlytalkabout?(2024新課標(biāo)II卷)

31.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?(2022全國(guó)甲卷)

2.思維導(dǎo)圖

章首段(新聞報(bào)道、

大議論文、說(shuō)明文)

題末段(記敘文、議

論文)

3.解題策略

①利用主題句在段首位置推敲段落大意

說(shuō)明文和議論文學(xué)會(huì)關(guān)注“首段''和“段首借鑒“七選五''小標(biāo)題類型特點(diǎn),段首句統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段主旨大意,由此

推斷段落大意。

②利用主題句在段中位置推敲段落大意

有時(shí)主題句出現(xiàn)在段中某句,這就需要考生耐心閱讀揣摩段落各句之間內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系,確定主題句位置,

進(jìn)而明確段落主旨大意。

③利用主題句在段尾位置推敲段落大意

有時(shí)主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾,關(guān)注一心表征總結(jié)性,結(jié)論性的詞:inbrief/short,allinall,inconclusion,inaword

等,這些詞后面連接的通常是主題句。

④利用段落沒(méi)有主題句推敲段落大意

有時(shí)候段落沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)主題句,需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉,難度更大。

⑤利用“總?分-總”結(jié)構(gòu)推敲語(yǔ)篇主旨大意題

有時(shí)候段落沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)主題句,需要考生自己總結(jié)提煉,難度更大。

跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2024新課標(biāo)I卷C篇)

Weallknowfreshisbestwhenitcomesiofood.However,mustproducealthestorewentthroughweeksof

travelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.Whilefarmer'smarketsareasolidchoicetoreduce

(hejourney,BabylonMicro-Farm(BMF)shortensi(evenmore.

BMFisanindoorgardensystem.Itcanbesetupforafamily.Additionally,itcouldservealargeraudiencesuch

asahospital,restaurantorschool.Theinnovativedesignrequireslittleefforttoachieveareliableweeklysupplyof

freshgreens.

Specifically,il'safarmthatreliesonnewtechnology.ByconnectingthroughtheCloud,BMFisremotely

monitored.Also,thereisaconvenientappthatprovidesgrowingdatainrealtime.Becausethesystemisautomated,

itsignificantlyreducestheamountofwaterneededtogrowplants.Ratherthanwateringrowsofsoil,thesystem

providesjusttherightamounttoeachplant.Afterharvest,userssimp'yreplacetheplantswithanewpre-seededpod

(容器)togetthenextgrowthcyclestarted.

Moreover,havingasysteminthesamebuildingwhereil'seatenmeanszeroemissions(排放)fromtransporting

plantsfromsoiltosalad.Inaddition,there'snoneedfbrpesticidesandotherchemicalsthatpollutetraditionalfarms

andchcsurroundingenvironment.

BMFemployeesliveoutsustainabilityintheireverydaylives.Abouthalfofthemwalkorbiketowork.Inside

theoffice,theyencouragerecyclingandwastereductionbylimitinggarbagecansandavoidingsingle-useplastic.

“Wearepassionateaboutreducingwaste,carbonandchemicalsinourenvironment,saidaBMFemployee.

28.WhatcanbelearnedaboutBMFfromparagraphI?

A.Itguaranteesthevarietyoffood.B.Itrequiresday-lo-daycare.

C.Itcutsthefarm-to-tabledistance.D.Itreliesonfarmer'smarkets.

29.Whatinformationdoestheconvenientappoffer?

A.Real-timeweatherchanges.B.Currentconditionoftheplants.

C.Chemicalpollutantsinthesoil.D.Availabilityofpre-seededpods.

30.WhatcanbeconcludedaboutBMFemployees?

A.Theyhaveagreatpassionfcrsports.B.Theyarcdevotedtocommunityservice.

C.Theyarefondofsharingdailyexperiences.DTheyhaveastrongenvironmentalawareness.

31.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?

A.BMF'smajorstrengths.B.BMF'sgeneralmanagement.

C.BMF'sglobalinfluence.D.BMF'stechnicalstandards.

跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(24-25高三下-云南,階段練習(xí))

I'msomebodywho'sveryrealisticabouteverything.Idon'tliveinillusionsandhopes,buttacklethethings

whichcomeathand.SomedaysarcextraordinaryfantasticwhenIsimplycannotstayawayfrommygardenand

park.Gardenisn'tdoinganythinggreatyet,butmanyplantshavecomeup.Wantyourveggiestolastandproduce

well?Startfromseeds,betteryet,yourownseeds.Myfavoritesaretomatoes,bellpeppers,zucchinis,cucumbers

andallherbs.Basically,Iprefermealswithveryfewingredients,andthesevegetablesfitthebill.

Yesterday,JetpacksentanotificationthatAIassistantisavailable.Well,apparently,there'saneedtopolish

everythingtothemostperfectperfection,makeitimpersonakbutgrammaticallycorrect.Forme,Ihevalueofa

blogisthepersonaltouch,theindividualexperience,thesimplelivesandthethingswetakeforgranted,butneed

onadailybasis.Ibelievethemostinterestingblogsaretheoneswhichdisclosethepersonalexperiences,giveus

aninsightinthepersonalityofthatbloggerandshowtheveryuniquefeaturesheorshehas.

Lotsofpeoplehavealreadyaverycomplexrelationshipwithreality.Someliveinthevirtualbubbleand

whentheycomeout,theactualthingsmaketheminadequatefor(hereallife.WhyshouldIbeworriedaboutvirtual

belongingsandpropertieswhenIstillneedarealbedtosleepinandarealroofovermyhead?Ourpainisalsoreal,

andwedon'tneedvirtualfood,airorwatertosurvive.

I'vealwaysbeenamazedbythehumanintelligence.Bytheunbelievablepotentialithas.Tvebeenalways

amazedbythepowerofthehumanbrain.Icertainlyhopethehumanintelligenceprevails(占上風(fēng)).1(hastakenso

longtoconictothishighlevelofcognitiveabilities.Ienjoydiscussionswithrealpeople.Weallhaveshortages;wc

allhaveflaws.That,swhatitmeanstobehuman.Please,stoptheAI.Atleastrestrictitsuseinsteadofputtingit

everywhere,likerightnowonyourblogandwebsite.

1.WhyisthegardenmentionedinparagraphI?

A.Everythingisveryrealinthegarden.

B.Thegardenisworthyofbeingvisited.

C.Theauthorearnshislivingbygardening.

D.Author'sfavoriteveggiesaregrowinginthegarden.

2.Whichisnotfavoredbytheauthorinblog?

A.Toexpressone'suniqueandpersonalqualities.

B.Todisclosetheindividualexperiencesandlives.

C.Toperfecteverythingwithoutgrammaticalerrors.

D.Togivereadersaninsightinthepersonalityofthatblogger.

3.What'stheauthor'sattitudetoAI?

A.Expectant.B.Resistant.C.Supportive.D.Indifferent.

4.What'sthepassagemainlyabout?

A.ComparinghumanandAlintelligence.

B.Theauthor'sviewonbloggingandAIinfluence.

C.Theauthor'sfondnessfbrreallife,againstAIoveruse.

D.Thesignificanceofbalancingbetweenvirtualandreallife.

易混易精(:02寫(xiě)作意圖題

1.命題設(shè)計(jì)

每篇文章都有一個(gè)特定的寫(xiě)作目的,或是向讀者傳遞某個(gè)信息,或是愉悅讀者,或是講授某個(gè)道理。而

這些信息通常并不是明確表達(dá)出來(lái),而是隱含在文章之中。因此,這類問(wèn)題要求考生在理解文章總體內(nèi)容

的基礎(chǔ)匕去領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的言外之意。

35.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?(2024新課標(biāo)H卷)

63.Whatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollows?(2011安徽卷)

2.思維導(dǎo)圖

totellastory/tosharea(n)...experience/

故事類

toamuse/toentertain/toinspire...

廣告類tosellaproduct/toaltractvisitors/to

文應(yīng)用文,persuade/topromote…

特科普類

rtointroduce/toexplain/toinform...

說(shuō)明文

一廠乜文化類htoinform...

toargue/toprove/toanalyze/toshow/to

議論文

persuade/topresent...

新聞?lì)?-toinform/toreport...

3.解題思路

①主旨推斷法。

寫(xiě)作意圖與文章主旨密切相關(guān),因此,解答這類題跟解答主旨大意題和選擇文章標(biāo)題?樣,用略讀法,即

重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句,找到主題句,抓住文章主旨,然后由主旨來(lái)推斷作者的寫(xiě)作目的。

議論文、新聞報(bào)道、說(shuō)明文等,其主題句多在文首。

②文體推斷法。

①應(yīng)用文廣告的目的是吸引更多顧客、游客、讀者、訂戶、觀眾等訂閱或前往(toattractreaders)。

②記敘文的目的是分享有趣的經(jīng)歷、告訴一個(gè)有趣的故事(t。entertainreaders)、或給讀者某種啟示。

③說(shuō)明文的目的是使讀者獲得某種知識(shí)(toinformreaders),提出建議、勸告或呼吁有關(guān)部門(mén)給予重視。

④議論文的目的通常是說(shuō)服讀者接受或贊同某一觀點(diǎn)(topersuadereaders),倡導(dǎo)某種做法等。

跟蹤訓(xùn)練1(2025全國(guó)一卷B篇片段)

GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAl-powered

future,andthisiswhereAlbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligenceconiesin.Thisabsorbingnewbook

byCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).

Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputerccxle("(弋碼)lhaipowers

AL-

AswesooncometolearnfromAlbyDesign,...

AIwillaffectusall,andifyouonlyreadonehookonthesubject,thisisit.

35.Whatistheauthorspurposeinwriting(hetext?

A.TorecommendabookonAI.

B.TogiveabriefaccountofAlhistoiy.

C.ToclarifythedefinitionofAI.

D.TohonoranoutstandingAIexpert.

跟蹤訓(xùn)練2(2025-四川?二模)

InhisnewbiographyofRobertCrumb,DanNadel,acomics【漫畫(huà))expert,writesthathissubjectagreedto

participateintheprojectunderonecondition:"thatIbehonestabouthisfaults,lookcloselyathisurges,and

examinetheraciallychargedaspectsofhiswork."Crumb,honestinhisworkasanundergroundcomicspioneer,

expectedthesamefromhisbiographer.AndNadelfulfilled.

Thatdoesn'tmeanCrumb:ACartoonistsUfaisahatchetjob.Farfromit,Nadelexpressesintense

admirationforCrumb'sartanddeepsympathyfbrhistroubledupbringing.NadeltracksCrumb'sartisticprogress,

fromworkingwithhisbrotherCharlesonadolescentcomicsinfluencedbychildhoodheroeslikeCarlBarksand

JohnStanley,todesigninggreetingcardsforAmericanGreetings,andfinallytosinkingintoaboundlessreleaseof

subconsciouschaos.

WhenitcomestimetoexploreCrumb'sproblematicrepresentationsofblackpeople,Nadelneitherexcuses

theartistnorissuessimplecriticism.Crumb'sworkoftenembracedtheracistprejudicesheabsorbedfromhiswhite,

postwarAmericanupbringing,andhisartwasanunpleasantreflectionofthoseinfluences.AccordingtoNadel,

essentiallyitisbothprejudicedandblaming,pointingfingersathimself,thereaderandtheentireculture,andthere

areneverhappyendingsinCrumbLand.

Norhappybeginnings.Crumbwasbomin1943inPhiladelphia,(heyoungestoffivechildreninafamily

markedbymentalillnessandfrequentmoves.Thisinstabilityshapedhisearlylifeandcreatedasenseof

disconnectionthatwouldlastthroughouthiscareer.

NadelalsoinvestigatesCrumb'slateryears,includinghistimeinSanFrancisco,wherehebecameamajor

figureinthecounterculture,butalwayskeptquestioningit.Crumb'sfamegrew,buthecontinuedtorefusetobe

categorized,seeinghimselfasseparatefrom(heveryculturethatcelebratedhim.

GenerouslyillustratedwithworkthroughoutCrumb'scareer,Crumbisanartistbiographythatconnectsthe

worktothelifestorywithoutforcingorsimplifyinganything.Itworksasculturalhistory;youwon'tfindasharper

analysisoftheundergroundcomicsmovement.Nadelhonorsthecomplexityofhissubject,even,perhaps

panicularly,whenitgetsugly.

35.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Toanalyzetheundergroundcomicsmovement.

B.Torecommendabookonacomicspioneer.

C.Toexaminetheinfluenceofupbringingonart.

D.Tohonorthefriendshipwithaformercolleague.

幫%臨?高頻思維拆解

方法技巧[01閱讀理解議論文答題誤區(qū)

1.混淆論點(diǎn)與論據(jù),誤將事實(shí)當(dāng)觀點(diǎn)

議論文中,作者會(huì)通過(guò)數(shù)據(jù)、研究結(jié)果、案例等論據(jù)支撐論點(diǎn),但部分考生會(huì)將論據(jù)本身等同于作者

的核心觀點(diǎn)。

真題例證:2024年新課標(biāo)I卷C篇對(duì)比紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀,提到“研究表明紙質(zhì)閱讀在復(fù)雜任務(wù)中

更有效”,這是論據(jù);而作者的觀點(diǎn)是“不同媒介適合不同學(xué)習(xí)場(chǎng)景,紙質(zhì)文本在需要專注的學(xué)習(xí)中不可

替代”。若誤將“研究結(jié)果”當(dāng)作作者觀點(diǎn),會(huì)錯(cuò)選與“數(shù)字閱讀無(wú)效”相關(guān)的選項(xiàng)。

2.過(guò)度推斷,脫離文本加戲

考生?;谧陨斫?jīng)驗(yàn)或常識(shí)對(duì)原文進(jìn)行過(guò)度解讀,超出文本信息范圍。

真題例證:2025年全國(guó)一卷C篇批判城市設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)度圍繞汽車,提到“澳大利亞汽車保有率高”。部分

考生可能推斷“作者反對(duì)發(fā)展汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)”,但原文僅強(qiáng)調(diào)“需平衡交通與行人需求”,并未否定汽車本身,

過(guò)度推斷會(huì)導(dǎo)致選錯(cuò)態(tài)度相關(guān)選項(xiàng)。

3.忽視上下文邏輯,孤立理解詞句

詞義猜測(cè)或句意理解題中,考生易僅通過(guò)單詞表面含義判斷,忽略上下文的因果、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系。

真題例證:2023年全國(guó)乙卷D篇提到“歷史敘述需結(jié)合文本與物品”,其中conversation一詞需結(jié)合上

下文“l(fā)iterate與non-literatc社會(huì)的接觸”“歷史的另一半“,才能理解其指“歷史(的完整敘述)“,若孤立理

解為“對(duì)話”則會(huì)選錯(cuò)。

4.主旨理解片面,聚焦細(xì)節(jié)忽略整體

考生常因過(guò)度關(guān)注某段細(xì)節(jié)(如舉例、數(shù)據(jù)),而忽略全文核心論點(diǎn)。

真題例證:2024年全國(guó)甲卷D篇圍繞“小說(shuō)結(jié)局的合理性”展開(kāi),首段討論《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》的結(jié)

局,中段分析不同文體的結(jié)局特點(diǎn),末段引出《Writer'sDigest》的作用。若僅關(guān)注首段細(xì)節(jié),會(huì)誤以為主

旨是“討論某部小說(shuō)的結(jié)局”,而實(shí)際主旨是“如何理解和寫(xiě)作合理的結(jié)局

5.態(tài)度判斷偏差,混淆“客觀陳述”與“主觀態(tài)度”

作者可能客觀引用不同觀點(diǎn),但考生易將“引用的觀點(diǎn)”當(dāng)作“作者的態(tài)度

真題例證:2023年全國(guó)乙卷C篇提到“英國(guó)烹飪節(jié)目影響飲食文化”,既引用“節(jié)目促進(jìn)多樣化烹飪”,

也提到“傳統(tǒng)飲食減少”,但作者的態(tài)度是“肯定節(jié)目對(duì)烹飪習(xí)慣的積極影響若誤將“傳統(tǒng)飲食減少”當(dāng)

作作者的否定態(tài)度,會(huì)錯(cuò)選負(fù)面傾向的選項(xiàng)。

方法技巧:02閱讀理解議論文誤區(qū)應(yīng)對(duì)

1.區(qū)分論點(diǎn)與論據(jù),抓標(biāo)志詞定位核心觀點(diǎn)

論點(diǎn)常出現(xiàn)在首尾段、轉(zhuǎn)折句(如however,infact)或總結(jié)句(如inconclusion)中:論據(jù)多為“研究

表明”“例如”“數(shù)據(jù)顯示”等引導(dǎo)的內(nèi)容,作用是支撐論點(diǎn)。

2025年全國(guó)一卷D篇關(guān)于微塑料治理,“煮沸過(guò)濾可減少80%微塑料”是研究結(jié)果(論據(jù)),而作

者觀點(diǎn)是“該方法為減少微塑料接觸提供了潛在路徑”(通過(guò)slill,ihefindingsshow…明確)。

2.堅(jiān)持“原文有據(jù)”,拒絕“無(wú)中生有”

選項(xiàng)必須在原文中找到直接依據(jù),若選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容是“可能合理但原文未提及”,則為過(guò)度推斷。

2024年新課標(biāo)1卷D篇提到“生物多樣性數(shù)據(jù)存在偏差”,選項(xiàng)“應(yīng)禁止公民科學(xué)家參與數(shù)據(jù)收集”屬

于過(guò)度推斷,原文僅建議“引導(dǎo)公民科學(xué)家補(bǔ)充不足數(shù)據(jù)”。

3.依托上下文邏輯,破解詞句含義

詞義猜測(cè)題需關(guān)注“同義/反義關(guān)系”(如but,however提示反義)、“指代關(guān)系”(如this,it指代

前文內(nèi)容)或“舉例解釋"(如suchas后的具體例子)。

2024年全國(guó)甲卷C篇take...叩anotch,前文提到“狗擅長(zhǎng)取回物品”,后文說(shuō)“貓能帶回隨機(jī)物品給

主人”,可推斷該短語(yǔ)意為“做得更好”(通過(guò)對(duì)比邏輯判斷)。

4.梳理邏輯結(jié)構(gòu),精準(zhǔn)定位主旨

通讀全文后,用“首段+各段首句+末段”梳理邏輯(如“提出問(wèn)題一分析原因一給出建議”),主

旨通常是作者的核心主張。

2023年全國(guó)乙卷D篇,首段“歷史不能僅靠文字"中段舉例“文字與物品結(jié)合的必要性"末段”需

同時(shí)讀文本與物品”,主旨可■總結(jié)為“物品在歷史敘述中不可或峽”o

5.通過(guò)情感詞判斷作者態(tài)度

關(guān)注形容詞(如effective,problematic)、副詞(如unfortunately,surprisingly)及轉(zhuǎn)折詞(如yet,

nevertheless),區(qū)分客觀陳述(無(wú)情感聞)與主觀態(tài)度(有明確情感傾向)。

2024年新課標(biāo)I卷B篇中,作者描述Farber的整體醫(yī)療方法時(shí),用amazed,workedsowell等詞體

現(xiàn)肯定態(tài)度,可直接對(duì)應(yīng)appreciative類選項(xiàng)。

方法技巧:03閱讀理解議論文滿分策略

1.閱讀理解議論文深層理解解題居多,落實(shí)“題文同序”和“同義替換”。

2.推理判斷題注重“源于文章,高于文章〃,弄清來(lái)龍去脈再推斷。

31?旨大意題要大注文章的結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是“首段〃和“段首”及關(guān)鍵詞。

4.遵循“倒金字塔〃模式,重視首尾段照應(yīng)和首段概括引領(lǐng)作用。

5.長(zhǎng)難句落實(shí)“括號(hào)法”一(從句陽(yáng)E謂語(yǔ))(介詞短語(yǔ))(名詞短語(yǔ))。

6.滿分策略:讀題干一找原文一做標(biāo)記一留痕跡一看選項(xiàng)一扣字眼。

閱讀理解議論文綜合能力提升

真題專區(qū):研讀高考真題,洞悉高考命題規(guī)律,探尋滿分做題技巧和應(yīng)試思維

01(2025全國(guó)一卷)

Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshow

declinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere'stoomuchtraffic

ontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypack(hemintothecarinstead.

DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarco(eBrbmmelslroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.In(heirnewbook

Movement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtherole

theyplayinourlives.

Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornew

roadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Soniccommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalist

whohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.

Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市長(zhǎng))to

champion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough."SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliain

thelate1960sand1970saswell.

Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletely

redesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustralia

wenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcar

ownershipintheworld

Weinvestalolinroads(hathelpusrushthrough,butwefail(oaccountfor(hetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognise

whatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan'tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovement

haveitright:it'stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.

28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?

A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad.B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.

C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore.D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.

29.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?

A.Keeptheircitieslivable.B.Promoteculturaldiversity.

C.Help

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