2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解高分寶典：客觀題與主觀題解題技巧全解析考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷PartIReadingComprehension(40points)Directions:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneTheriseofthe"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthemostsignificanttransformationsinthelabormarketoverthepastdecade.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomers,thiseconomyencompassesawiderangeofflexiblejobs,fromfreelancewritingandgraphicdesigntoride-sharingandshort-termrentals.Proponentsarguethatitoffersunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstoworkontheirownterms,settheirownhours,andchooseprojectsthatalignwiththeirinterests.Forbusinesses,itprovidesaccesstoavasttalentpoolandtheabilitytoscaletheirworkforceupordownbasedondemand,oftenatlowercoststhantraditionalemployment.However,thegigeconomyisnotwithoutitscritics.Oneofthemostprominentconcernsisthelackofjobsecurityandbenefitsforworkers.Unliketraditionalemployees,gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivehealthinsurance,paidsickleave,orretirementcontributions.Theyareoftenclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,whichcanleavethemvulnerabletoexploitationandwithoutrecourseunderlaborlawsdesignedtoprotecttraditionalworkers.Thisprecariousnesscanleadtofinancialinstability,especiallyduringeconomicdownturnswhendemandforgigservicesmayplummet.Theenvironmentalimpactofthegigeconomyalsoraisesquestions.Theriseofride-sharingservices,forinstance,hascontributedtoincreasedtrafficcongestionandairpollutioninmanyurbanareas.Whiletheseplatformsoptimizeroutesandencouragecarpooling,theoverallincreaseinvehiclemilestraveledoftennegatesthesebenefits.Similarly,theproliferationofshort-termrentalshasputadditionalstrainonhousingmarketsinpopulardestinations,potentiallydrivinguppricesanddisplacinglong-termresidents.Ultimately,thefutureofthegigeconomywilllikelydependonhowsocietyaddressesthesecomplexchallenges.Whetherthroughregulatoryreform,thedevelopmentofportablebenefitssystems,ortheemergenceofhybridworkmodelsthatcombinetheflexibilityofgigworkwiththesecurityoftraditionalemployment,findingabalancethatbenefitsbothworkersandbusinesseswillbecrucial.Thesuccessofthiseconomyshouldnotbemeasuredsolelybyitsgrowth,butbyitsabilitytocreatesustainableandequitableopportunitiesforallparticipants.Questions:1.Whatisthemaincharacteristicofjobsinthegigeconomyaccordingtothepassage?2.Accordingtoproponents,whatisoneoftheprimaryadvantagesofthegigeconomyforindividuals?3.Whatisamajorconcernraisedbycriticsregardingtheclassificationofgigworkers?4.Thepassagesuggeststhattheenvironmentalimpactofride-sharingservicesiscomplex.Whataretwoaspectsmentioned?5.Whatdoesthepassageimplyisnecessaryforthelong-termsuccessofthegigeconomy?PassageTwoInrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowinginterestinmindfulnesspractices,suchasmeditationandyoga,acrossvarioussegmentsofsociety.OftenassociatedwithEasternphilosophies,thesepracticesemphasizebeingpresentinthemoment,observingthoughtsandsensationswithoutjudgment,andcultivatingasenseofawareness.Whilehistoricallyviewedprimarilythroughamentalandspirituallens,contemporaryresearchisincreasinglyexploringthepotentialphysicalhealthbenefitsofmindfulness.Oneareaofsignificantinterestistheimpactofmindfulnessonstressreduction.Chronicstressisrecognizedasamajorcontributortonumeroushealthproblems,includingcardiovasculardisease,weakenedimmunefunction,andmentalhealthdisorderslikeanxietyanddepression.Mindfulnesstechniquesarethoughttoworkbyactivatingthebody'srelaxationresponse,counteractingthephysiologicaleffectsofstress.Studieshaveshownthatregularmindfulnesspracticecanleadtomeasurablechangesinbrainregionsassociatedwithemotionregulationandself-awareness.Forinstance,participantsinmindfulness-basedstressreduction(MBSR)programsoftenreportdecreasedlevelsofcortisol,thestresshormone,andimprovedsleepquality.Beyondstressreduction,mindfulnessmayalsoinfluenceotherphysicalhealthoutcomes.Someresearchsuggeststhatmindfulnesspracticescouldpotentiallyimprovepainmanagementbyalteringthebrain'sperceptionofpain.Bychangingtherelationshiptouncomfortablesensations,individualsmightexperiencelessdistressfromchronicpainconditions.Furthermore,thereispreliminaryevidencesuggestinglinksbetweenmindfulnessandimprovedimmunefunction,thoughmoreresearchisneededtofullyunderstandthesemechanisms.Whilethescientificevidenceispromising,itisimportanttonotethatmindfulnessisgenerallyconsideredacomplementaryapproach,potentiallyusedalongsideconventionalmedicaltreatmentsratherthanasareplacement.Theaccessibilityofmindfulnesspracticeshascontributedtotheirpopularity.Unlikesometherapeuticinterventions,techniquessuchasmindfulbreathingcanbepracticedalmostanywhere,atanytime,withlittletonocost.Thiseaseofaccessmakesitpossibleforawiderrangeofpeopletoincorporatemindfulnessintotheirdailylives,regardlessoftheirbackgroundorresources.Asthebodyofresearchcontinuestogrow,mindfulnessislikelytogainevengreaterrecognitionasavaluabletoolforenhancingbothmentalandphysicalwell-being.Questions:6.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeyelementofmindfulnesspractices?7.Whatisaprimaryreasoncitedinthepassageforthegrowinginterestinmindfulness?8.Howmightmindfulnesspracticespotentiallyhelpindividualswithchronicpain?9.Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneadvantageofmindfulnesspracticescomparedtosomeotherinterventions?10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttherelationshipbetweenmindfulnessandconventionalmedicaltreatments?PassageThreeTheglobalclimatecrisishaspromptedare-evaluationofourrelationshipwithnatureandthesustainabilityofcurrentconsumptionpatterns.Oneofthemostdebatedareaswithinthiscontextistheroleofmeatproduction,particularlybeeffarming,ingeneratinggreenhousegasemissionsandcontributingtoenvironmentaldegradation.Whilemeatconsumptionisaculturalandculinarystapleformany,itsenvironmentalfootprintissubstantial.Cattle,forinstance,producesignificantamountsofmethane,apotentgreenhousegas,throughtheirdigestionprocess(entericfermentation).Additionally,largeareasoflandareconvertedtopastureorusedforgrowinganimalfeed,leadingtodeforestation,habitatloss,andbiodiversityreduction.Environmentaladvocatesarguethatreducingmeatconsumption,especiallybeef,isoneofthemosteffectivewaysindividualscanlowertheircarbonfootprint.Theenergyrequiredforraisinglivestock,processingmeat,andtransportingittomarketalsocontributessignificantlytotheindustry'senvironmentalimpact.Waterusageinlivestockfarmingisanothercriticalconcern,particularlyinregionsfacingwaterscarcity.Theproductionofasinglepoundofbeefcanrequirethousandsofgallonsofwater,straininglocalwaterresourcesandpotentiallyimpactinghumancommunitiesandecosystemsdependentonthem.However,theargumentagainstmeatconsumptionisnotwithoutcounterpoints.Proponentsofmeatproductionemphasizeitseconomicimportanceinruralcommunitiesworldwide,providinglivelihoodsformillionsoffarmersandworkers.Theyalsohighlightthenutritionalvalueofmeat,particularlyasasourceofcompleteproteinsandessentialnutrientslikeironandBvitamins,whichcanbelessreadilyavailableinplant-basedalternatives.Furthermore,advancementsinagriculturaltechnologyandmoresustainablefarmingpracticesarebeingexploredtomitigatetheenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarming,thoughtheirscalabilityandeffectivenessremaintopicsofdiscussion.Ultimately,addressingtheenvironmentalchallengesassociatedwithmeatproductionrequiresamultifacetedapproach.Thiscouldinvolveshiftsinconsumerbehaviortowardsreducedmeatintake,increaseddemandforsustainableandefficientlyproducedmeat,developmentofalternativeproteinsources,andcontinuedinnovationinagriculturalpractices.Policyinterventions,suchascarbonpricingorincentivesforsustainablefarming,mayalsoplayaroleinencouragingmoreenvironmentallyresponsibleproductionmethods.Thegoalisnotnecessarilytoeliminatemeatconsumptionentirelybuttomakeitmoresustainableandalignedwithglobalenvironmentalgoals.Questions:11.Accordingtothepassage,whataretwoenvironmentalimpactsassociatedwithcattlefarming?12.Whatisthemainargumentpresentedbyenvironmentaladvocatesregardingmeatconsumption?13.Whateconomicroledoesmeatproductionplay,accordingtoitsproponents?14.Thepassagementionsadvancementsinagriculturaltechnology.Whatisonepotentialbenefitmentioned?15.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasakeyelementinaddressingtheenvironmentalchallengesofmeatproduction?PassageFourThedigitalagehasfundamentallytransformedhowweaccess,consume,andshareinformation,bringingbothunprecedentedopportunitiesandsignificantchallenges.Ononehand,theinternetprovidesinstantaccesstoavastrepositoryofknowledge,enablinglifelonglearning,globalcommunication,andthedemocratizationofinformation.Socialmediaplatformshaveconnectedindividualsacrossgeographicalboundaries,fosteringcommunitiesbasedonsharedinterestsandfacilitatingsocialandpoliticalmobilization.Theriseofe-commercehasrevolutionizedshopping,offeringgreaterconvenienceandawiderselectionofproductsthaneverbefore.Ontheotherhand,thedigitalrevolutionhasintroducedcomplexproblemsrelatedtoinformationintegrityandcognitivewell-being.Theeasewithwhichfalseinformationand"fakenews"canbecreatedanddisseminatedonlineposesaseriousthreattoinformedpublicdiscourseanddemocraticprocesses.Algorithmsthatcuratecontentfeedscancreateechochambers,reinforcingexistingbeliefsandlimitingexposuretodiverseperspectives.Thisphenomenon,combinedwiththeconstantconnectivityfacilitatedbysmartphonesandsocialmedia,cancontributetoincreasedanxiety,depression,andfeelingsofsocialisolationforsomeindividuals.Furthermore,thedigitaleconomyhasexacerbatedexistinginequalities.Theso-called"digitaldivide"persists,separatingthosewithreliableinternetaccessandthedigitalliteracyskillsneededtonavigateonlineplatformsfromthosewholacktheseresources.Thisdisparitycanlimiteducationalandeconomicopportunitiesforunderservedpopulations.JobmarketsarealsobeingreshapedbyautomationandAI,leadingtothedisplacementofcertainjobswhilecreatingnewonesthatrequiredifferentskillsets.Therapidpaceoftechnologicalchangenecessitatescontinuousadaptation,placingaburdenonworkersandeducationalsystems.Navigatingthecomplexitiesofthedigitalagerequiresaconcertedeffortfromindividuals,communities,andpolicymakers.Promotingdigitalliteracyandcriticalthinkingskillsisessentialtohelppeoplediscerncredibleinformationfrommisinformation.Strikingabalancebetweenonlineandofflinelife,andimplementingpoliciesthatpromoteequitableaccesstotechnologyandsupportworkforcetransitions,arealsocrucialchallenges.Ultimately,harnessingthebenefitsofthedigitalagewhilemitigatingitsriskswilldependonourcollectiveabilitytoadapt,regulate,andshapethetechnologicallandscapeinawaythatserveshumanity'sbestinterests.Questions:16.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonesignificantbenefitoftheinternetinthedigitalage?17.Whatisaproblemrelatedtoinformationintegritymentionedinthepassage?18.Howmighttheuseofalgorithmsforcontentcurationbedescribed?19.Whatisthe"digitaldivide"referredtointhepassage?20.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisakeychallengeforindividualsinthedigitalage?---試卷答案PartIReadingComprehensionPassageOne1.C*解析思路：文章首段明確指出，“Thegigeconomyencompassesawiderangeofflexiblejobs,fromfreelancewritingandgraphicdesigntoride-sharingandshort-termrentals.”這表明其核心特征是工作的多樣性、靈活性，通常通過數(shù)字平臺(tái)連接服務(wù)提供者和客戶。選項(xiàng)C（Adiverserangeofflexiblejobsfacilitatedbydigitalplatforms）最符合此意。2.A*解析思路：文章首段提到，“Forproponents,itoffersunparalleledflexibility,allowingindividualstoworkontheirownterms,settheirownhours,andchooseprojectsthatalignwiththeirinterests.”支持者認(rèn)為其主要優(yōu)勢(shì)是個(gè)體可以根據(jù)自己的條件工作。選項(xiàng)A（Unparalleledflexibilityallowingindividualstoworkontheirownterms）抓住了核心優(yōu)勢(shì)“unparalleledflexibility”和“workontheirownterms”。3.B*解析思路：文章第二段明確指出，“Oneofthemostprominentconcernsisthelackofjobsecurityandbenefitsforworkers...Theyareoftenclassifiedasindependentcontractorsratherthanemployees,whichcanleavethemvulnerabletoexploitationandwithoutrecourseunderlaborlawsdesignedtoprotecttraditionalworkers.”批評(píng)者主要擔(dān)心的是，工人們常常被歸類為獨(dú)立承包商而非正式員工，這使得他們?cè)趧趧?dòng)法保護(hù)方面處于弱勢(shì)。選項(xiàng)B（Oftenclassifiedasindependentcontractorswithouttheprotectionsoftraditionalemployment）概括了此核心問題。4.C,D*解析思路：文章第四段提到，“Theriseofride-sharingservices,forinstance,hascontributedtoincreasedtrafficcongestionandairpollutioninmanyurbanareas.”這指出了交通擁堵和空氣污染兩個(gè)方面。選項(xiàng)C（Increasedtrafficcongestion）和選項(xiàng)D（Airpollution）是文中明確提到的環(huán)境問題。5.E*解析思路：文章最后一段指出，“Ultimately,thefutureofthegigeconomywilllikelydependonhowsocietyaddressesthesecomplexchallenges.Whetherthroughregulatoryreform,thedevelopmentofportablebenefitssystems,ortheemergenceofhybridworkmodels...findingabalancethatbenefitsbothworkersandbusinesseswillbecrucial.”這表明，該經(jīng)濟(jì)模式的成功將取決于如何解決這些挑戰(zhàn)，并找到使工人和企業(yè)都受益的平衡點(diǎn)。選項(xiàng)E（Findingabalancethatbenefitsbothworkersandbusinesses）最能體現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。PassageTwo6.B*解析思路：文章第一段提到，“OftenassociatedwithEasternphilosophies,thesepracticesemphasizebeingpresentinthemoment,observingthoughtsandsensationswithoutjudgment,andcultivatingasenseofawareness.”這明確了正念的核心要素是“beingpresentinthemoment”（活在當(dāng)下）。選項(xiàng)B（Beingpresentinthemomentandobservingthoughtswithoutjudgment）概括了兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。7.A*解析思路：文章第一段開頭即指出，“Inrecentyears,therehasbeenagrowinginterestinmindfulnesspractices...”并接著解釋了原因，“Whilehistoricallyviewedprimarilythroughamentalandspirituallens,contemporaryresearchisincreasinglyexploringthepotentialphysicalhealthbenefits.”人們?nèi)找骊P(guān)注正念，主要是因?yàn)楫?dāng)代研究越來越多地探索其潛在的身心健康益處。選項(xiàng)A（Increasingexplorationofpotentialphysicalhealthbenefitsthroughresearch）點(diǎn)明了原因。8.A*解析思路：文章第三段提到，“Someresearchsuggeststhatmindfulnesspracticescouldpotentiallyimprovepainmanagementbyalteringthebrain'sperceptionofpain.Bychangingtherelationshiptouncomfortablesensations,individualsmightexperiencelessdistressfromchronicpainconditions.”研究表明，正念可能通過改變大腦對(duì)疼痛的感知來改善疼痛管理，從而改變個(gè)體與不適感的關(guān)系，減少慢性疼痛帶來的痛苦。選項(xiàng)A（Alteringthebrain'sperceptionofpaintoreducedistress）概括了這一點(diǎn)。9.D*解析思路：文章第四段指出，“Unlikesometherapeuticinterventions,techniquessuchasmindfulbreathingcanbepracticedalmostanywhere,atanytime,withlittletonocost.”與一些治療干預(yù)措施不同，正念呼吸等技術(shù)幾乎可以在任何地方、任何時(shí)間練習(xí)，且?guī)缀醪恍枰杀?。選項(xiàng)D（Easyandlow-costaccess,potentiallypracticedanywhereanytime）強(qiáng)調(diào)了易得性和低成本的優(yōu)勢(shì)。10.B*解析思路：文章第四段結(jié)尾處提到，“Mindfulnessisgenerallyconsideredacomplementaryapproach,potentiallyusedalongsideconventionalmedicaltreatmentsratherthanasareplacement.”通常認(rèn)為正念是一種補(bǔ)充療法，可能作為傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)療治療的補(bǔ)充使用，而不是替代品。選項(xiàng)B（Itisgenerallyconsideredacomplementaryapproachusedalongsideconventionalmedicine）表達(dá)了這層意思。PassageThree11.A,C*解析思路：文章第二段提到，“Cattle,forinstance,producesignificantamountsofmethane,apotentgreenhousegas,throughtheirdigestionprocess(entericfermentation).”以及“l(fā)argeareasoflandareconvertedtopastureorusedforgrowinganimalfeed,leadingtodeforestation,habitatloss,andbiodiversityreduction.”因此，與牛養(yǎng)殖相關(guān)的兩個(gè)環(huán)境impacts是：產(chǎn)生大量甲烷（溫室氣體）和導(dǎo)致森林砍伐、棲息地喪失及生物多樣性減少。選項(xiàng)A（Productionofsignificantamountsofmethane）和選項(xiàng)C（Contributiontodeforestationandbiodiversitylossthroughlanduse）分別對(duì)應(yīng)這兩點(diǎn)。12.B*解析思路：文章第二段開頭即提出，“Environmentaladvocatesarguethatreducingmeatconsumption,especiallybeef,isoneofthemosteffectivewaysindividualscanlowertheircarbonfootprint.”環(huán)境倡導(dǎo)者的主要論點(diǎn)是，減少肉類消費(fèi)，尤其是牛肉，是個(gè)人降低碳足跡最有效的方法。選項(xiàng)B（Reducingmeatconsumption,especiallybeef,isthemosteffectivewaytolowerone'scarbonfootprint）概括了核心論點(diǎn)。13.A*解析思路：文章第三段提到，“Proponentsofmeatproductionemphasizeitseconomicimportanceinruralcommunitiesworldwide,providinglivelihoodsformillionsoffarmersandworkers.”反對(duì)者的論點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)肉類生產(chǎn)在農(nóng)村社區(qū)中的經(jīng)濟(jì)重要性，為數(shù)百萬農(nóng)民和工人提供了生計(jì)。選項(xiàng)A（Providinglivelihoodsandeconomicstabilityforfarmersandruralcommunities）概括了其經(jīng)濟(jì)作用。14.D*解析思路：文章第三段提到，“advancementsinagriculturaltechnologyandmoresustainablefarmingpracticesarebeingexploredtomitigatetheenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarming...”正在被探索的是農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步和更可持續(xù)的耕作實(shí)踐，以減輕畜牧業(yè)的環(huán)境影響。選項(xiàng)D（Mitigatingtheenvironmentalimpactoflivestockfarming）指出了技術(shù)應(yīng)用的一個(gè)潛在好處。15.E*解析思路：文章最后一段總結(jié)了應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)的方法，“Thiscouldinvolveshiftsinconsumerbehavior...developmentofalternativeproteinsources,andcontinuedinnovationinagriculturalpracti