高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省菏澤市成武縣某中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期開(kāi)學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)試卷第一部分：聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AIntroductiontoDramaExamsOurexamsinspireandenablelearnersacrosstheglobetobeconfidentcommunicators.Examsareopentoanyonelookingtogainconfidenceandexperienceinspeech,communicationandperformance.Therearenoagerestrictions.AsoneoftheUK’soldestandmostrespecteddramaschoolsandawardingorganizations,weexamineover100,000candidatesanddeliverexamsbothonlineandinpersoninmanycountriesacrosstheglobe.Nowwearepleasedtoofferfree,online“IntroductiontoExaminations”informationsession.BookingisnowopeningforeventsuntilSummer2024.SessionInformationFeeThereisn’tafeeforthissession,butyouarerequiredtobookinadvance.Dates6February2024,6:00p.m.-7:30p.m.20March2024,4:00p.m.-5:30p.m.15May2024,12:00p.m.-1:30p.m.9July2024,8:30a.m.-10:00a.m.HowtoregisterFillintheformtobookyourplace,includingyouremailaddressandphonenumber,whereyou’llbeabletoselectwhichdateyou’dliketoattend.The1.5-hoursessionwillbeginwithanIntroductiontoExaminations,theirhistoryandtheformatofassessment.Workwillthenfocusonthesubjectsavailabletotake,andwillendwithaQ&Aphasewhereparticipantswillbeinvitedtowriteintheirquestionstothehostorganizer.Ifyouhaveanyquestionsregardingthis,pleaseemailexamscourses@lamda.ac.ukandwewillbehappytohelp.Lookingforwardtoseeingyouonlineatthisevent.1.Whatisanadvantageofthedramaexam?A.Itisfreeofcharge. B.Itoffersflexibleschedules.C.Itsuitsawiderangeofpeople. D.Itputsrestrictionsonnationality.2.Whatisrequiredtoregisterforthesessions?A.Paymentinadvance. B.Contactinformation.C.Educationbackground. D.Performanceexperience.3.Whatshouldyoudoifyouhaveaquestionduringtheonlinesession?A.Emailittothedramaschool. B.Writeitdownbeforethesession.C.Proposeitatthebeginningofthesession. D.SendittothehostorganizerinQ&Aphase.【答案】1.C2.B3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。為全球的考生提供關(guān)于戲劇考試的信息，并鼓勵(lì)他們參加?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Examsareopentoanyonelookingtogainconfidenceandexperienceinspeech,communicationandperformance.Therearenoagerestrictions.(任何希望在演講、溝通和表演方面獲得自信和經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人都可以參加考試。沒(méi)有年齡限制)”可知，戲劇考試的優(yōu)勢(shì)是適合各種各樣的人。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中的Howtoregister部分“Fillintheformtobookyourplace,includingyouremailaddressandphonenumber,whereyou’llbeabletoselectwhichdateyou’dliketoattend.(填寫(xiě)表格預(yù)定名額，包括你的電子郵件地址和電話號(hào)碼，在那里你可以選擇你想?yún)⒓拥娜掌?”可知，注冊(cè)需要聯(lián)系信息。故選B項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Workwillthenfocusonthesubjectsavailabletotake,andwillendwithaQ&Aphasewhereparticipantswillbeinvitedtowriteintheirquestionstothehostorganizer.(然后工作將集中在可用的主題上，并將以問(wèn)答階段結(jié)束，參與者將被邀請(qǐng)將他們的問(wèn)題寫(xiě)下來(lái)給主辦單位)”可知，如果你在網(wǎng)上有問(wèn)題，你應(yīng)該在問(wèn)答階段將其發(fā)送給主辦組織者。故選D項(xiàng)。BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hewasfondoftraveling. B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.C.Hehadaninquiringmind. D.Helongedtobeadoctor.5.WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A.Tofeedtheanimals. B.Tobuildanecosystem.C.Toprotecttheplants. D.Totesttheeco-machine.6.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans. B.ToshowanapplicationofJohn’sidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs. D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.7.WhatisthebasisforJohn’swork?A.Naturecanrepairitself. B.Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C.LifeonEarthisdiverse. D.Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了JohnTodd從小就很愛(ài)思考且好學(xué)，他建造了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來(lái)凈化污水?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.(當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周圍的樹(shù)林，觀察大自然是如何解決問(wèn)題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會(huì)變得清澈。長(zhǎng)大后，約翰開(kāi)始思考這個(gè)過(guò)程是否可以用來(lái)清理人們制造的混亂)”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?(在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問(wèn)題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚(yú)類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？)”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.(幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去)”以及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.(他對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚訝。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，開(kāi)始吃了起來(lái)！幾周之內(nèi)，它就被消化了，只剩下純凈水)”可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里是為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse—likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.(這些年來(lái)，約翰承擔(dān)了許多重大工作。他開(kāi)發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來(lái)自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來(lái)清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat’shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.(你把生物體放在新的關(guān)系中，觀察會(huì)發(fā)生什么。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)自行發(fā)展自我修復(fù)的方式)”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。CTop-downprocessingistheprocessofusingcontextorgeneralknowledgetounderstandwhatweperceive(感知).In1970,psychologistRichardGregoryintroducedtheconcept.Heclaimedthatperceptionisconstructive.Theprocessingplaysanimportantroleinourinteractionswithourenvironment.Ourfivesensesareconstantlytakingininformation.Atanygiventime,weareexperiencingdifferentsights,sounds,tastes,smells,andwaysthingsfeelwhenwetouchthem.Ifwepaidattentiontoeachoneofoursensesallthetime,we’dneverdoanythingelse.Itenablesustosimplifytheprocessbyrelyingoncontextandourpre-existingknowledgetounderstandwhatwenotice.Ifourbrainsdidn’temploytop-downprocessingoursenseswouldoverwhelmus.Top-downprocessinghelpsusunderstandwhatoursensesareperceivinginourdailylives.Forexample,supposeyoureceiveanimportantletterbutafewdropsofwaterhaveruinedpartofthetext.Afewlettersindifferentwordsarenowjustsmudges(污跡).Yet,you’restillabletoreadtheletterinitsentiretyusingtop-downprocessing.Youusethecontextofthewordsandsentencesinwhichthesmudgesappearandyourknowledgeofreadingtocomprehendthemeaningoftheletter’smessage.SeeawordLO*E,withoneletterknockeddown,yetyouarestillabletoquicklyrecognizethewordasLOVE.Ontheonehand,top-downprocessingservesapositivefunctionbysimplifyingthewaywecomprehendoursensoryperceptions.Itenablesustoshortcutthecognitivepathbetweenourperceptionsandtheirmeaning.Ontheotherhand,patternscanalsopreventusfromperceivingthingsinuniqueways.Sowemayunderstandthepatternofhowtouseamobilephone,butifthemanufacturercomesoutwithanewphonethatemployscompletelyuniqueinteractionpatterns,wemaynotbeabletofigureouthowtouseit.Besides,asourknowledgeislimitedandbiased(片面的)incertainways,itcanleadtoperceptualerrors.8.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingparagraph2?A.Toexplainmainreasons. B.Togivepracticalexamples.C.Todrawspecificconclusions. D.Toanalysetheoreticalframeworks.9.Whatmaybethekeytounderstandingatextwithmissingletters?A.Pre-existingknowledge. B.Activeinteractions.C.Fivephysicalsenses. D.Lessonsfrommistakes10.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Seeingisbelieving. B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Everycoinhastwosides. D.Experienceisthebestteacher.11.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoaccordingtothetext?A.Introduceareadingmethod. B.Deepenunderlyingmeanings.C.Illustrateacognitivestrategy. D.Clarifyaproducingprocess.【答案】8.A9.A10.C11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了自上而下的處理信息幫助我們理解感知到的事物，文章主要解釋了這一認(rèn)知過(guò)程。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theprocessingplaysanimportantroleinourinteractionswithourenvironment.Ourfivesensesareconstantlytakingininformation.Atanygiventime,weareexperiencingdifferentsights,sounds,tastes,smells,andwaysthingsfeelwhenwetouchthem.Ifwepaidattentiontoeachoneofoursensesallthetime,we’dneverdoanythingelse.Itenablesustosimplifytheprocessbyrelyingoncontextandourpre-existingknowledgetounderstandwhatwenotice.Ifourbrainsdidn’temploytop-downprocessingoursenseswouldoverwhelmus.(這個(gè)過(guò)程在我們與環(huán)境的互動(dòng)中起著重要的作用。我們的五種感官不斷地接收信息。在任何給定的時(shí)間，我們都在體驗(yàn)不同的視覺(jué)、聲音、味道、氣味，以及觸摸事物時(shí)的感覺(jué)。如果我們一直關(guān)注我們的每一種感官，我們就永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)做其他事情。它使我們能夠通過(guò)依賴上下文和我們已有的知識(shí)來(lái)理解我們注意到的東西，從而簡(jiǎn)化這個(gè)過(guò)程。如果我們的大腦不采用自上而下的處理方式，我們的感官就會(huì)壓倒我們)”可知，作者寫(xiě)第二段的目的是分析自上而下的處理是至關(guān)重要的主要原因。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Youusethecontextofthewordsandsentencesinwhichthesmudgesappearandyourknowledgeofreadingtocomprehendthemeaningoftheletter’smessage.SeeawordLO*E,withoneletterknockeddown,yetyouarestillabletoquicklyrecognizethewordasLOVE.(你可以利用出現(xiàn)污跡的單詞和句子的上下文以及你的閱讀知識(shí)來(lái)理解信件的意思。看到一個(gè)單詞“LO*E”，一個(gè)字母被敲掉了，但你仍然能很快認(rèn)出這個(gè)單詞是“LOVE”)”可知，理解一篇缺少字母的文章的關(guān)鍵是已有的信息。故選A?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Ontheonehand,top-downprocessingservesapositivefunctionbysimplifyingthewaywecomprehendoursensoryperceptions.Itenablesustoshortcutthecognitivepathbetweenourperceptionsandtheirmeaning.Ontheotherhand,patternscanalsopreventusfromperceivingthingsinuniqueways.(一方面，自上而下的處理通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)化我們理解感官知覺(jué)的方式起到了積極的作用。它使我們能夠縮短我們的感知和它們的意義之間的認(rèn)知路徑。另一方面，模式也可以阻止我們以獨(dú)特的方式感知事物)”可知，自上而下的處理通常是有益的，但它也有局限性，有時(shí)會(huì)阻礙我們以新穎的方式感知事物或適應(yīng)不熟悉的情況的能力。因此，事物都有兩面性。故選C?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Top-downprocessingistheprocessofusingcontextorgeneralknowledgetounderstandwhatweperceive(感知).In1970,psychologistRichardGregoryintroducedtheconcept.Heclaimedthatperceptionisconstructive.(自上而下的處理是使用上下文或一般知識(shí)來(lái)理解我們所感知的東西的過(guò)程。1970年，心理學(xué)家理查德·格雷戈里提出了這個(gè)概念。他聲稱感知是建設(shè)性的)”，結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了自上而下的處理信息幫助我們理解感知到的事物，文章主要解釋了這一認(rèn)知過(guò)程?？芍髡呦胍f(shuō)明一個(gè)認(rèn)知策略。故選C。DOurbrainsare“programmed”tolearnmorefrompeoplewelike—andlessfromthosewedislike.Thishasbeenshownbyresearchersincognitiveneuroscience(認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué))inaseriesofexperiments.Memoryservesavitalfunction,enablingustolearnfromnewexperiencesandupdateexistingknowledge.Welearnbothfromindividualexperiencesandfromconnectingthemtodrawnewconclusionsabouttheworld.Thisway,wecanmakeinferencesaboutthingsthatwedon’tnecessarilyhavedirectexperienceof.Thisiscalledmemoryintegrationandmakeslearningquickandflexible.Toexaminewhataffectsourabilitytolearn,andmakeinferences,InesBramao,associate-professorofpsychologyatLundUniversity,alongwithhisco-workers,setupexperimentswhereparticipantsweretaskedwithrememberingandconnectingdifferentobjects.Itcouldbeabowl,ball,spoon,scissors,orothereverydayobjects.Itturnedoutthatmemoryintegrationwasinfluencedbywhopresentedit.Ifitwasapersontheparticipantliked,connectingtheinformationwaseasiercomparedtowhentheinformationcamefromsomeonetheparticipantdisliked.Theparticipantsprovidedindividualdefinitionsof“l(fā)ike”and“dislike”basedonaspectssuchaspoliticalviews,majors,eatinghabits,favoritesports,hobbies,andmusic.Thefindingscanbeappliedinreallife,accordingtotheresearchers.Inesexplained:“Supposeapoliticianarguesforraisingtaxestobenefithealthcare.Later,youvisitahealthcarecenterandnoticeimprovementshavebeenmade.Ifyousidewiththepoliticianthatwantedtoimprovehealthcarethroughhighertaxes,you’relikelytocredittheimprovementstothetaxincrease,eventhoughtheimprovementsmighthavehadacompletelydifferentcause.”There’salreadyvastresearchdescribingthatpeoplelearninformationdifferentlydependingonthesourceandhowthatcharacterizespolarizationandknowledgeresistance.“Whatourresearchshowsishowthesesignificantphenomenacanpartlybetracedbacktofundamentalprinciplesthatgovernhowourmemoryworks,”saysInes.Wetendtoformnewconnectionsandupdateknowledgefrominformationpresentedbygroupswefavor.12.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“programmed”inParagraph1?A.Enhanced. B.Organized. C.Desire-driven. D.Nature-decided.13.WhatdidtheexperimentsinParagraph3conclude?A.It’seasiertoabsorbfavorableinformation.B.It’sbeneficialtofocusoneverydayobjects.C.Presentersmatterinconnectinginformation.D.Lifeexperiencesaffectpeople’sinferences.14.HowdidInesexplaintheapplicationofhisfindings?A.Byintroducingaconcept.B.Bymakinganassumption.C.Byemployinganexpert’swords.D.Byreferringtoanotherexperiment.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Howbrainsfunctioninlearning B.WhoimpactsmemoryintegrationC.Howbrainslearnfromexperiences D.Whatimproveslong-termmemory【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的研究人員已經(jīng)證實(shí)，人們傾向于從他們喜歡的人身上學(xué)習(xí)。【12題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段“Thishasbeenshownbyresearchersincognitiveneuroscience(認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué))inaseriesofexperiments.(認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的研究人員在一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)中已經(jīng)證明了這一點(diǎn))”可知，Ourbrainsare“programmed”tolearnmorefrompeoplewelike—andlessfromthosewedislike.是在一系列實(shí)驗(yàn)中發(fā)現(xiàn)的結(jié)果，屬于客觀性的事實(shí)，由此可推測(cè)出，畫(huà)線詞所在句表達(dá)的是：我們的大腦被“編程”為從我們喜歡的人那里學(xué)到更多，而從我們不喜歡的人身上學(xué)到更少，劃線單詞意為“編程”，此處表達(dá)的是大腦先天就被決定的運(yùn)行模式，與D項(xiàng)“自然決定的”意思最接近。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Itturnedoutthatmemoryintegrationwasinfluencedbywhopresentedit.Ifitwasapersontheparticipantliked,connectingtheinformationwaseasiercomparedtowhentheinformationcamefromsomeonetheparticipantdisliked.(事實(shí)證明，記憶整合受呈現(xiàn)者的影響。如果是參與者喜歡的人，那么與信息來(lái)自參與者不喜歡的人相比，連接信息更容易)”可知，參與者的記憶整合受呈現(xiàn)者的影響，如果信息呈現(xiàn)者是參與者喜歡的人，那么連接信息會(huì)比較容易，由此可推測(cè)出，呈現(xiàn)者在連接信息方面起著重要作用。故選C?！?4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Inesexplained:“Supposeapoliticianarguesforraisingtaxestobenefithealthcare.Later,youvisitahealthcarecenterandnoticeimprovementshavebeenmade.Ifyousidewiththepoliticianthatwantedtoimprovehealthcarethroughhighertaxes,you’relikelytocredittheimprovementstothetaxincrease,eventhoughtheimprovementsmighthavehadacompletelydifferentcause.”(Ines解釋道：“假設(shè)一位政治家主張?zhí)岣叨愂找栽旄ａt(yī)療保健。后來(lái)，你去了一家醫(yī)療保健中心，發(fā)現(xiàn)情況有所改善。如果你支持希望通過(guò)提高稅收來(lái)改善醫(yī)療保健的政治家，你很可能會(huì)將這些改善歸功于增稅，盡管這些改善可能有完全不同的原因?！?”可推測(cè)出，Ines在談及這項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的運(yùn)用時(shí)，通過(guò)假設(shè)政治家主張通過(guò)增加稅收來(lái)改善醫(yī)療保健的情況來(lái)進(jìn)行解釋。故選B?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段第一句“Ourbrainsare“programmed”tolearnmorefrompeoplewelike—andlessfromthosewedislike.(我們的大腦被“編程”為從我們喜歡的人那里學(xué)到更多，而從我們不喜歡的人身上學(xué)到更少)”、第二段“Memoryservesavitalfunction,enablingustolearnfromnewexperiencesandupdateexistingknowledge.Welearnbothfromindividualexperiencesandfromconnectingthemtodrawnewconclusionsabouttheworld.Thisway,wecanmakeinferencesaboutthingsthatwedon’tnecessarilyhavedirectexperienceof.Thisiscalledmemoryintegrationandmakeslearningquickandflexible.(記憶起著至關(guān)重要的作用，使我們能夠從新的經(jīng)歷中學(xué)習(xí)，更新現(xiàn)有的知識(shí)。我們既從個(gè)人經(jīng)歷中學(xué)習(xí)，也從將它們聯(lián)系起來(lái)以得出關(guān)于世界的新結(jié)論中學(xué)習(xí)。通過(guò)這種方式，我們可以對(duì)我們不一定有直接經(jīng)驗(yàn)的事情進(jìn)行推斷，這被稱為記憶整合，使學(xué)習(xí)快速而靈活)”和最后一段最后一句“Wetendtoformnewconnectionsandupdateknowledgefrominformationpresentedbygroupswefavor.(我們傾向于從我們喜歡的群體提供的信息中形成新的聯(lián)系并更新知識(shí))”可知，本文主要介紹了認(rèn)知神經(jīng)科學(xué)的研究人員已經(jīng)證實(shí)，我們傾向于從我們喜歡的人身上學(xué)習(xí)，根據(jù)那些人提供的信息形成新的聯(lián)系并更新知識(shí)，而這是記憶整合，由此可推測(cè)出，B項(xiàng)“誰(shuí)影響了記憶整合”最適合作本文標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Overthepastfewdecades,technologyhasadvancedatanunprecedentedrate,revolutionizingindustriesandshapingnewwaysoflife.____16____AccordingtotheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion,akeyadvocateoftechnologicaladvancement,therapidgrowthoftechnologyhassignificantlyimprovedthequalityoflifeinnumerouscommunities.Itcitesstudiesthatshowtheintegrationoftechnologyintodailyliveshasledtoincreasedefficiency,moreaccesstoinformation,andevenprogressinhealthcareinnumerousregions.____17____Thosewhoembracetechnologicalprogressarguethatitcreatesnewopportunitiesforindividualsandbusinessesalike.Forinstance,farmersinremoteareascannowaccessreal-timemarketinformationandweatherupdatesthroughsmartphones,enablingthemtomakemoreinformeddecisionsabouttheircrops.Additionally,smallbusinessescanexpandtheirreachgloballythroughonlineplatforms.____18____Theyarguethatwhiletechnologymaybringbenefitstosome,itoftenexpandsthedifferencebetweenthetechnologicallyinformedandthedigitallyexcluded.StudiesconductedbyorganizationsliketheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammerevealthatmanyindividuals,particularlythoseindevelopingregionsorwithlimitedresources,lagbehindinaccessingandutilizingtechnologicaladvancements.____19____Furthermore,criticsfearthattheuncheckedgrowthoftechnologymayhavenegativeimpactsonsocietyandtheenvironment.Forexample,theriseofsocialmediaandtheinternethasledtoanincreaseincyberbullying,privacyconcerns,andthespreadofmisinformation.Moreover,theoveruseoftechnologymaycontributetodo-nothinglifestylesandotherhealthissues.Onethingiscertainabouttechnologicalprogress—itisaninevitabletrend.Therapidpaceofinnovationandthewidespreadavailabilityoftechnologymakeitimpossibletoturnback.____20____A.Buthowcanwetakecontroloftechnologytoouradvantage?B.Thequestionarises:Istechnologicalprogressbeneficialforall?C.Thisdigitaldividecanleadtoincreasedsocialandeconomicgaps.D.However,criticsoftechnologicaladvancementholdadifferentview.E.Theseadvancementshavebeenparticularlyevidentinruralandunderservedareas.F.Itensuresthatthebenefitsoftechnologicalprogressaresharedequallyacrosssociety.G.Thechallengenowisfindingwaystocommandthepoweroftechnologytobenefitall.【答案】16.B17.E18.D19.C20.G【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文屬于議論文。文章主要探討科技進(jìn)步對(duì)社會(huì)的影響?？萍歼M(jìn)步雖帶來(lái)諸多好處，但也存在負(fù)面影響。文章傳遞的價(jià)值和意義在于提醒人們要理性看待科技進(jìn)步，努力縮小數(shù)字鴻溝，讓科技更好地造福人類?！?6題詳析】設(shè)空位于首段段尾，應(yīng)是引出下文，根據(jù)后文“Thosewhoembracetechnologicalprogressarguethatitcreatesnewopportunitiesforindividualsandbusinessesalike.(那些擁護(hù)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的人認(rèn)為，它為個(gè)人和企業(yè)都創(chuàng)造了新的機(jī)會(huì))”以及“Furthermore,criticsfearthattheuncheckedgrowthoftechnologymayhavenegativeimpactsonsocietyandtheenvironment.(此外，批評(píng)者擔(dān)心技術(shù)的無(wú)限制發(fā)展可能會(huì)對(duì)社會(huì)和環(huán)境產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響)”可知，本文主要探討科技進(jìn)步對(duì)社會(huì)的影響，在根據(jù)前文“Overthepastfewdecades,technologyhasadvancedatanunprecedentedrate,revolutionizingindustriesandshapingnewwaysoflife.(在過(guò)去的幾十年里，技術(shù)以前所未有的速度發(fā)展，徹底改變了工業(yè)，塑造了新的生活方式)”可知，B項(xiàng)“Thequestionarises:Istechnologicalprogressbeneficialforall?(問(wèn)題來(lái)了：技術(shù)進(jìn)步對(duì)所有人都有利嗎?)”承接上文，并引出下文，符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)前文“AccordingtotheInternationalTelecommunicationUnion,akeyadvocateoftechnologicaladvancement,therapidgrowthoftechnologyhassignificantlyimprovedthequalityoflifeinnumerouscommunities.Itcitesstudiesthatshowtheintegrationoftechnologyintodailyliveshasledtoincreasedefficiency,moreaccesstoinformation,andevenprogressinhealthcareinnumerousregions.(國(guó)際電信聯(lián)盟是技術(shù)進(jìn)步的主要倡導(dǎo)者，根據(jù)該聯(lián)盟的說(shuō)法，技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展顯著提高了許多社區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量。報(bào)告援引的研究表明，在許多地區(qū)，技術(shù)融入日常生活提高了效率，增加了獲取信息的渠道，甚至在醫(yī)療保健方面取得了進(jìn)步)”可知，技術(shù)進(jìn)步顯著提高了許多社區(qū)的生活質(zhì)量，有很多技術(shù)進(jìn)步帶來(lái)的好處，所以E項(xiàng)“Theseadvancementshavebeenparticularlyevidentinruralandunderservedareas.(這些進(jìn)步在農(nóng)村和服務(wù)不足地區(qū)尤為明顯)”與前文提到的研究結(jié)果相契合，符合文意。故選E項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Thosewhoembracetechnologicalprogressarguethatitcreatesnewopportunitiesforindividualsandbusinessesalike.Forinstance,farmersinremoteareascannowaccessreal-timemarketinformationandweatherupdatesthroughsmartphones,enablingthemtomakemoreinformeddecisionsabouttheircrops.Additionally,smallbusinessescanexpandtheirreachgloballythroughonlineplatforms.(那些擁護(hù)技術(shù)進(jìn)步的人認(rèn)為，它為個(gè)人和企業(yè)都創(chuàng)造了新的機(jī)會(huì)。例如，偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的農(nóng)民現(xiàn)在可以通過(guò)智能手機(jī)獲取實(shí)時(shí)市場(chǎng)信息和天氣更新，使他們能夠?qū)ψ约旱淖魑镒龀龈髦堑臎Q定。此外，小企業(yè)可以通過(guò)在線平臺(tái)擴(kuò)大其全球影響力)”以及后文“Theyarguethatwhiletechnologymaybringbenefitstosome,itoftenexpandsthedifferencebetweenthetechnologicallyinformedandthedigitallyexcluded.(他們認(rèn)為，雖然技術(shù)可能給一些人帶來(lái)好處，但它往往擴(kuò)大了掌握技術(shù)的人和被數(shù)字技術(shù)排斥的人之間的差距)”可知，前文提到那些擁抱技術(shù)進(jìn)步的人認(rèn)為它給個(gè)人和企業(yè)帶來(lái)了新的機(jī)會(huì)，但后文卻提到批評(píng)者認(rèn)為技術(shù)進(jìn)步雖然可能給一些人帶來(lái)好處，但往往擴(kuò)大了技術(shù)知情者和數(shù)字排斥者之間的差距，前后是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以D項(xiàng)“However,criticsoftechnologicaladvancementholdadifferentview.(然而，技術(shù)進(jìn)步的批評(píng)者持有不同的觀點(diǎn))”和前文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，并引出下文。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】設(shè)空位于段尾，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Theyarguethatwhiletechnologymaybringbenefitstosome,itoftenexpandsthedifferencebetweenthetechnologicallyinformedandthedigitallyexcluded.StudiesconductedbyorganizationsliketheUnitedNationsDevelopmentProgrammerevealthatmanyindividuals,particularlythoseindevelopingregionsorwithlimitedresources,lagbehindinaccessingandutilizingtechnologicaladvancements.(他們認(rèn)為，雖然技術(shù)可能給一些人帶來(lái)好處，但它往往擴(kuò)大了掌握技術(shù)的人和被數(shù)字技術(shù)排斥的人之間的差距。聯(lián)合國(guó)開(kāi)發(fā)計(jì)劃署等組織進(jìn)行的研究表明，許多人，特別是發(fā)展中地區(qū)或資源有限的人，在獲取和利用技術(shù)進(jìn)步方面落后)”可知，前文提到了技術(shù)進(jìn)步會(huì)導(dǎo)致生活在發(fā)展中地區(qū)或資源有限的人，在獲取和利用技術(shù)進(jìn)步方面落后，所以C項(xiàng)“Thisdigitaldividecanleadtoincreasedsocialandeconomicgaps.(這種數(shù)字鴻溝可能導(dǎo)致社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)差距的擴(kuò)大)”是對(duì)前文壞處的總結(jié)，符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】設(shè)空位于段尾，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Onethingiscertainabouttechnologicalprogress—itisaninevitabletrend.Therapidpaceofinnovationandthewidespreadavailabilityoftechnologymakeitimpossibletoturnback.(關(guān)于技術(shù)進(jìn)步，有一點(diǎn)是肯定的——它是一個(gè)不可避免的趨勢(shì)。創(chuàng)新的快速步伐和技術(shù)的廣泛可用性使其不可能倒退)”可知，作者指出，技術(shù)進(jìn)步是不可避免的，所以G項(xiàng)“Thechallengenowisfindingwaystocommandthepoweroftechnologytobenefitall.(現(xiàn)在的挑戰(zhàn)是找到方法來(lái)控制技術(shù)的力量，使所有人受益)”承接上文，點(diǎn)出主題，符合語(yǔ)境。故選G項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。LeeChongWei,the38-year-oldMalaysianbadmintonlegend,praisedLinDanasthegreatestbadmintonplayereverinarecentFacebookLiveSession(實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播)onApril16.Whenhewas____21____“whoisthegreatestbadmintonplayerofalltime”byMalaysia’sformerDeputySportsMinisterStevenSimduringarecentFacebookLivesession,Lee___22___,“Youhavetosayit’sLinDan.He’salegend.His___23___speakforthemselves.Wehavetoshowouradmirationforhim.”LinDanwasborninLongyan,FuijianonOctober14,1983.Hebegantoplaybadmintonattheageoffive.Heenteredthe____24____schoolofFujianin1992andjoinedthe___25___teamin2000toplaybadmintonforChina.LiChongWeiwasborninMalaysiaonOctober21,1982,the____26____ofwhoseancestors(祖先)isFujian.Thetwobadmintontitans(巨人)treateachotheraspowerfulrivals(對(duì)手)onthecourt,butare_____27_____offthecourt.Theymetin2000and_____28_____eachotherforthefirsttimeintheThomasCupBadmintonAsiaPreliminariesin2004.Betweentheir40matchesfrom2004to2018,Linhaswalkedawaytriumphant(勝利的)28times,_____29_____Leebeatthedifficultiesand_____30_____12times.Throughouttheyears,fanshave_____31_____theirfriendlypost—matchhugs.Theirmutual(互相的)encouragementhasbeenaninspirational_____32_____ofsportsmanship.___33___that,LeeevenattendedLin’sweddingin2012.Thetwo-decadelongfriendshiphasbeensucha____34____exampleofcross—culturalexchangethatLeewaseven____35____withtheChina—MalaysiaStarofFriendshipaward.21.A.asked B.told C.warned D.reminded22.A.concluded B.questioned C.whispered D.replied23.A.titles B.clothes C.styles D.habits24.A.art B.tourism C.business D.sports25.A.urban B.suburban C.national D.local26.A.grass B.land C.border D.center27.A.coaches B.playmates C.friends D.neighbors28.A.lookedafter B.stoodfor C.tookon D.competedagainst29.A.before B.after C.until D.while30.A.won B.ran C.failed D.tried31.A.introduced B.explained C.witnessed D.described32.A.request B.symbol C.planD.law33.A.Inplaceof B.Exceptfor C.Incaseof D.Inadditionto34.A.remarkable B.simple C.strange D.correct35.A.impressed B.armed C.honored D.supplied【答案】21.A22.D23.A24.D25.C26.B27.C28.D29.D30.A31.C32.B33.D34.A35.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了李宗偉和林丹兩個(gè)羽毛球運(yùn)動(dòng)員之間的友誼和代表的體育精神?！?1題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在最近的Facebook直播中，當(dāng)馬來(lái)西亞前副體育部長(zhǎng)史蒂文·西姆問(wèn)他“誰(shuí)是有史以來(lái)最偉大的羽毛球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”時(shí)，李宗偉回答說(shuō)，“你不得不說(shuō)是林丹。”A.asked詢問(wèn)；B.told告訴；C.warned警告；D.reminded提醒。根據(jù)后文“whoisthegreatestbadmintonplayerofalltime”可知馬來(lái)西亞前副體育部長(zhǎng)在詢問(wèn)李宗偉問(wèn)題。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在最近的Facebook直播中，當(dāng)馬來(lái)西亞前副體育部長(zhǎng)史蒂文·西姆問(wèn)他“誰(shuí)是有史以來(lái)最偉大的羽毛球運(yùn)動(dòng)員”時(shí)，李宗偉回答說(shuō)，“你不得不是林丹?！盇.concluded下結(jié)論；B.questioned質(zhì)疑；C.whispered低語(yǔ)；D.replied回答。上文提出問(wèn)題“whoisthegreatestbadmintonplayerofalltime”，李宗偉回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他的頭銜說(shuō)明了一切。A.titles標(biāo)題；B.clothes衣服；C.styles風(fēng)格；D.habits習(xí)慣。根據(jù)上文“He’salegend.(他是一個(gè)傳奇)”可知，李宗偉認(rèn)為林丹的頭銜說(shuō)明了一切。故選A。【24題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：1992年考入福建體校，2000年加入國(guó)家隊(duì)，代表中國(guó)打羽毛球。A.art藝術(shù)；B.tourism旅游；C.business生意；D.sports運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)后文“schoolofFujianin1992andjoinedthe”以及上文“Hebegantoplaybadmintonattheageoffive.”提到五歲開(kāi)始打羽毛球，推測(cè)