高級中學名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省青島市某中學2024-2025學年高二下學期期末檢測英語試卷第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AGuidedTourforUnitedNationsHeadquartersVisittheUnitedNationsintheheartofNewYorkCity!GuidedtoursofferanengagingwaytoexploretheUnitedNationsHeadquarters.VisittheSecurityCouncilChamber(會議廳),theTrusteeshipCouncilChamber,andtheEconomicandSocialCouncil(ECOSOC)Chamber.LearnabouthowtheUnitedNationsaddressesissuessuchasclimatechange,peaceandsecurity,humanrights,andhowyoucansupporttheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.Duetohigh-levelmeetingsofHeadsofStateandGovernment,UnitedNationsHeadquartersandChambersmaysometimesclosetothepubliconveryshortnotice.ForentryRegisterOnline:AllvisitorstoUnitedNationsHeadquartersmustregisterontheUnitedNationsSecurityWebsitepriortoarrival.Clickheretoregister.BringValid(合法的)identification:Youmustbringanoriginal,government-issuedphotoIDfromaUNMemberStateorNon-MemberObserverStatetopresentatentry.Acceptableformsincludepassport,driver’slicenseandnationalidentitycard.Pleasenote:Onlyoriginal,physicalIDsareaccepted(nophotocopiesordigitalcopies).Forsecurityreasons,childrenunder5yearsofagearenotpermittedontour.HoursofoperationWeekdays:Firsttourleavingat9:30,lasttourleavingat4:45.Pleaseplantoarrive60minutesbeforeyourtour.TheUNHeadquartersisclosedonweekendsandpublicholidays.Ratesfor2025Adult:$26.00Student(Ages13+):$18.00Child(Ages5-12):$15.00A10%bookingfeewillapply.1.Whatcanvisitorsdoduringthetour?A.ExploretheworkingroutineoftheUN.B.DesignclimateprojectsfortheUN.C.Attendhigh-levelmeetings.D.Deliverapublicspeech.2.Whatisamustforvisitorstotakethetour?A.Presentinganoriginalphotograph.B.Reachingtherequiredagelimit.C.Registeringonlineuponarrival.D.Bringingapassportcopy.3.Howmuchshouldacouplewitha15-year-oldpayforthetour?A.$77. B.$70.C.$67. D.$62.【答案】1.A2.B3.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹紐約聯(lián)合國總部的導游參觀項目，包括可參觀的地方、參觀要求、開放時間及收費標準等信息?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“GuidedtoursofferanengagingwaytoexploretheUnitedNationsHeadquarters.VisittheSecurityCouncilChamber(會議廳),theTrusteeshipCouncilChamber,andtheEconomicandSocialCouncil(ECOSOC)Chamber.LearnabouthowtheUnitedNationsaddressesissuessuchasclimatechange,peaceandsecurity,humanrights,andhowyoucansupporttheSustainableDevelopmentGoals.(有導游帶領的參觀活動提供了一種引人入勝的方式來探索聯(lián)合國總部。參觀安全理事會會議廳、托管理事會會議廳和經(jīng)濟及社會理事會會議廳。了解聯(lián)合國如何處理氣候變化、和平與安全、人權等問題，以及你如何支持可持續(xù)發(fā)展目標。)”可知，游客在參觀期間可以探索聯(lián)合國的工作日常，了解其處理各種問題的方式等。故選A項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Forentry中“Forsecurityreasons,childrenunder5yearsofagearenotpermittedontour.(出于安全原因，5歲以下兒童不得參加參觀。)”可知，參加參觀的游客必須達到規(guī)定的年齡限制，即5歲及以上。故選B項。【3題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Ratesfor2025中“Adult:$26.00Student(Ages13+):$18.00A10%bookingfeewillapply.(成人：26美元；學生（13歲及以上）：18美元；將收取10%的預訂費。)”可知，一對夫婦是兩個成人，費用為26×2=52美元，一個15歲的孩子屬于學生，費用為18美元，那么總費用為52+18=70美元，再加上10%的預訂費70×10%=7美元，總共要支付70+7=77美元。故選A項。BTothedynamicbeatofArethaFranklin’ssongs,familiessitinthecrowdatthehalloftheManillaSchool.Theyarewaiting,eagerforthemomentwhenstudentswillparticipateinaone-of-a-kindprogramcalledSpark.Themeetingwillpairstudentswithvolunteerapprentice(學徒)teachers.Lawyers,hairstylists,andsoftwaredeveloperswillmeetupwithstudentswhohaveselectedtheiroccupationsastheonestheywouldmostliketolearnabout.Sparkapprenticeshipsprovideworkplaceexperiencesthatbringeconomicallydisadvantagedteensintocontactwithaworldtheyhaveprobablyonlyimagined.Nationally,some30percentofUShighschoolstudentsdropout.Whileimprovedcurricula(課程),betterteaching,andmodernequipmentmaybepartofthesolution,“youhavetohavetherelevance,”saysMr.Balmeofhissix-year-oldSparkprogram.Thegapbetweenthoseworlds—oneoflimitedexpectationsandhardship,theotherofsuccessandprosperity(繁榮)—hitBalmeonedaywhenhewasvolunteeringasascienceteacheratapublicschoolinPhiladelphia.HewasalsostudyingattheWhartonSchoolofBusinessattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Thepublicschoolwasinbadshape,withahighdropoutrate.WhilewalkingbacktoWharton,Balmerealizedhewas“seeingalltheresources,andyetthesekidshadnoideawhatwasrightthereallaroundthem.”That’swheneverythingfellintoplace.Theproblemandthesolutionwererightnexttoeachother.In2004,heandMeliaDickerfoundedSpark.Apprenticeshipsare“notrocketscience,”saysHollyDepatie,Sparkboardchair.Butothercoachingprograms,suchasBoysandGirlsClubsofAmerica,whilepairingyoungsterswithadults,don’tspecificallytargetlearningaboutjobs.Sofar,Sparkhascreatedmorethan700apprenticeshipsintheSanFranciscoBayAreaandLosAngeles.4.HowdoesSparkhelpthestudents?A.Byupdatingteachingequipment.B.Byofferinghands-onexperiences.C.Byfinancingyoungapprentices.D.Byimprovingschoolcurricula.5.WhatisthemajordriveforBalmetosetupSpark?A.ThedropoutrateofUShighschools.B.Theprosperityinfamousuniversities.C.Theexpectationofdisadvantagedteens.D.Theimbalanceineducationalresources.6.WhichwordbestdescribesBalme?A.Reserved. B.Grateful.C.Observant. D.Modest.7.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodointhelastparagraph?A.ToshowSpark’sdistinction.B.Tojustifysimilarprograms.C.TotackleSpark’schallenge.D.Tocriticizecurrentsituations.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道，主要介紹了Spark項目，包括其起源、目的、實施方式以及與其他教練項目的區(qū)別?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Sparkapprenticeshipsprovideworkplaceexperiencesthatbringeconomicallydisadvantagedteensintocontactwithaworldtheyhaveprobablyonlyimagined.(Spark學徒計劃提供了職場經(jīng)驗，讓經(jīng)濟狀況不佳的青少年接觸到一個他們可能只是想象出來的世界。)”可知，該項目通過提供實踐經(jīng)驗幫助學生。故選B?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Thegapbetweenthoseworlds—oneoflimitedexpectationsandhardship,theotherofsuccessandprosperity(繁榮)—hitBalmeonedaywhenhewasvolunteeringasascienceteacheratapublicschoolinPhiladelphia.(當Balme在費城的一所公立學校擔任科學教師志愿者時，他有一天深刻感受到了這兩個世界之間的鴻溝——一個是期望有限、充滿艱辛的世界，另一個是成功與繁榮的世界。)”可知，教育資源的不平衡促使他創(chuàng)立Spark。故選D。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Thegapbetweenthoseworlds—oneoflimitedexpectationsandhardship,theotherofsuccessandprosperity(繁榮)—hitBalmeonedaywhenhewasvolunteeringasascienceteacheratapublicschoolinPhiladelphia.(當Balme在費城的一所公立學校擔任科學教師志愿者時，他有一天深刻感受到了這兩個世界之間的鴻溝——一個是期望有限、充滿艱辛的世界，另一個是成功與繁榮的世界。)”可知，Balme能發(fā)現(xiàn)教育資源的不平衡問題，說明他善于觀察的。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Apprenticeshipsare“notrocketscience,”saysHollyDepatie,Sparkboardchair.Butothercoachingprograms,suchasBoysandGirlsClubsofAmerica,whilepairingyoungsterswithadults,don’tspecificallytargetlearningaboutjobs.(Spark董事會主席HollyDepatie表示，學徒“不是火箭科學”。但其他一些培訓項目，比如BoysandGirlsClubsofAmerica，雖然將青少年與成年人配對，但并不專門針對學習工作。)”可知，最后一段指出其他輔導項目不像Spark專門針對職業(yè)學習，突出了Spark的獨特之處。故選A。CAchallengeofteachingmathematicsratherthan,say,historyisthatthehomeworkisalothardertocomeupwith.Afterall,“WasHenryVIIIagoodking?”isareasonablequestiontoaskeitheraclassroomofnine-year-oldsoralecturetheatreofpostgraduates.But“Solvethisquadraticequation(二次方程式)”wouldleavetheclassroomnonplussedandthelecturetheatreunimpressed.Mathsislearnedbydoinganddesigningaproblemthatiseasyenoughtobeaccessible,yethardenoughtobesatisfying,isabigheadacheinitself.Partlyforthisreason,booksthatsuccessfullycommunicatehowmathematiciansthink,butareaimedatthosenotalreadyinthefield,arebothvaluableandrare.NowSirDavidSpiegelhalter,professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofCambridge,hasaddedtothecategorywithTheArtofUncertainty.Hisnewbookwillappealtomanymorethanjustmathematicians,foritstopicisuniversal:howtoanalysechance,uncertaintyandrisk.Ifanewvirusisrunningwildandthemajorityofdeathsareamongthosewhohavereceivedanewervaccine(疫苗),isthatevidencethatthevaccinationprogramisharmful?Howmuchoftopfootballteams’performancecomesdowntoluckratherthanskill?ProfessorSpiegelhalter’sexplorationofsuchquestionsisdelightful.First,heusesthemtoillustratebroaderideasabouthowprobabilityandstatisticswork.SoadiscussionofvaccinesafetyproceedstoBayes’stheorem,aprocedureforimprovingone’sjudgmentofprobabilitiesasnewevidencecomestolight.ThejoyofProfessorSpiegelhalter’sapproachisthathereachesthisdeeptruththroughnothingmorethansomeintuitive(直覺的)assumptionsandverysimplemaths.Mostimportant,though,isProfessorSpiegelhalter’sskillatcommunicatingtheseideas.Muchofprobabilityandstatisticscangoagainstourintuition,andthemathsbehinditisoftenfearsome.Butthisisnotadifficultbooktoreadorunderstand.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nonplussed”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Impressed. B.Inspired.C.Confused. D.Amused.9.WhatisthebiggestsellingpointofTheArtofUncertaintyaccordingtotheauthor?A.Itcastslightonmaththoughts.B.Itcoversvarioustopics.C.Itmakessensetoordinarypeople.D.Itsatisfiesmathsprofessionals.10.WhydoestheauthormentionBayes’stheoreminparagraph3?A.Toprovethereliabilityofintuition.B.Torevealthebook’sacademicnature.C.Tounderlinethedeeptruthofjudgement.D.TodemonstrateSpiegelhalter’swritingapproach.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Amasterofmathteaching.B.Abookonintuitiveassumptions.C.Adiscussionofriskmanagement.D.Aguidetounderstandingprobability.【答案】8.C9.C10.D11.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了一本名為《不確定性的藝術》的新書，該書通過直觀假設和簡單數(shù)學闡述了深刻真理，且文字通俗易懂，適合廣大讀者閱讀?！?題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中的“But‘Solvethisquadraticequation(二次方程式)’wouldleavetheclassroomnonplussedandthelecturetheatreunimpressed.(但是“解這個二次方程”會讓教室里的學生感到……，讓講堂里的聽眾不感興趣)”可知，and后并列的信息為“講堂里的聽眾不感興趣”，因此劃線詞信息應該與其保持一致，即對于讓學生“解這個二次方程”的反應應該是感到困惑不解。因此，劃線詞意為“困惑的，不知所措的”與C選項“Confused.(感到困惑的)”為同義詞。故選C項?！?題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Hisnewbookwillappealtomanymorethanjustmathematicians,foritstopicisuniversal:howtoanalysechance,uncertaintyandrisk.(他的新書將吸引更多的人，而不僅僅是數(shù)學家，因為它的主題是普遍的：如何分析機會，不確定性和風險。)”可知，因為該書主題的普遍性，他的新書不僅僅會吸引數(shù)學家，還會吸引更多人。由此可知，《不確定性的藝術》這本書最大的賣點是它對普通人來說很有意義。故選C項?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“First,heusesthemtoillustratebroaderideasabouthowprobabilityandstatisticswork.SoadiscussionofvaccinesafetyproceedstoBayes’stheorem,aprocedureforimprovingone’sjudgmentofprobabilitiesasnewevidencecomestolight.(首先，斯皮格爾哈爾特教授用這些問題來闡述關于概率和統(tǒng)計如何工作的更廣泛的思想。因此，關于疫苗安全性的討論就涉及到了貝葉斯定理，這是一個隨著新證據(jù)的出現(xiàn)而改進人們對概率判斷的程序。)”以及“ThejoyofProfessorSpiegelhalter’sapproachisthathereachesthisdeeptruththroughnothingmorethansomeintuitive(直覺的)assumptionsandverysimplemaths.(斯皮格爾哈爾特教授的方法的樂趣在于，他只是通過一些直覺假設和非常簡單的數(shù)學就得出了這個深刻的真理。)”可知，作者在第三段中提到貝葉斯定理是為了證明斯皮格爾哈爾特的寫作方法，即通過簡單的直覺假設和數(shù)學得出深刻的真理。故選D項?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結合第二段中的“NowSirDavidSpiegelhalter,professorofstatisticsattheUniversityofCambridge,hasaddedtothecategorywithTheArtofUncertainty.Hisnewbookwillappealtomanymorethanjustmathematicians,foritstopicisuniversal:howtoanalysechance,uncertaintyandrisk.(現(xiàn)在，劍橋大學統(tǒng)計學教授大衛(wèi)?斯皮格爾哈爾特(DavidSpiegelhalter)用《不確定性的藝術》(TheArtofUncertainty)一書為這個類別增添了新的內容。他的新書將吸引更多非數(shù)學家的人群，因為它的主題是普遍的：如何分析機會、不確定性和風險。)”可知，本文主要介紹了大衛(wèi)?斯皮格爾哈爾特教授的新書《不確定性的藝術》，這本書的主題是關于如何分析機會、不確定性和風險的，即本文主要講的是一本關于理解概率的指南。D選項“Aguidetounderstandingprobability.(理解概率的指南。)”符合文章主旨。故選D項。DAcornplantknowshowtofindwaterinsoilwiththeverytipsofitsroots,butsomevarieties,includingmanyusedfordevelopinghigh-outputcornintheU.S.,appeartohavelostpartofthatability,accordingtoaStanford-ledstudy.Withclimatechangeincreasingdroughts,thefindingsholdpotentialfordevelopingmoredrought-resistantvarietiesofcorn.Thestudy,publishedinthejournalScience,uncoversgeneticmechanisms(遺傳機制)behind“hydropatterning”,orhowplantrootsbranchtowardwaterandavoiddryspacesinsoil.Inparticular,theresearchersdiscoveredthatethylene,aplanthormone(激素)knowntohelpbananasripen,alsoinfluenceshowrootsgrowtoseekwater.Forthisstudy,theresearchersdevelopedanew,simplifiedwaytostudywatersensitivityinroots.TheyfoundcornvarietiesadaptedtohotandwetregionslikeMexicowereverygoodatmakingnewrootbranchestowardwaterandavoidingdryareas.Incontrast,thevarietiesadaptedtomoderateregionsofNorthAmericafrequentlygrewrootsrandomlywithoutdistinguishingbetweendryandwetareasinthesoil.“Interestingly,theplantsthatarebetteratsensingwherethewaterisarealsomakingdeeperrootsystems,”saidleadauthorJohannesScharwies.“Oneideaisthatiftheplantdoesn’twastetimegrowingrootbranchesintoplaceswhereitdoesn’tfindanywaterandnutrients,thenithasmoreenergytogrowdeeperdownwherewaterismorelikely.”Geneticanalysesrevealtwoplanthormones,auxinandethylene,playaroleinhowcornrootsrespondtowater.Whileauxinwasalreadyknowntohelpcontrolthisprocess,ethylene’sinvolvementwasanewdiscovery.Inexperimentswiththalecress—amodelplantoftenusedinresearch—theresearchersfoundauxinsignalingpromotesrootbranchdevelopmenttowardwater,whileethylenestopsbranchingwhentherootisexposedtoair.Furtherresearchisneededtobetterunderstandtheinteractionofthesegeneticpathwaysbeforecornvarietiescanbedevelopedwithmoredrought-resistantrootsystems,butthefindingshighlightthesignificanceofstudyingtheselocalizedresponsesatroottips,researcherssaid.12.WhatistheprimaryfocusoftheStanford-ledstudy?A.Drought-resistantcornvarieties.B.Ethylene’seffectonfruitripening.C.Geneticregulationofrootbranching.D.Impactofclimatechangeonplantroots.13.WhatcanbeinferredfromJohannesScharwies’remarks?A.Planthormonesmakeabigdifferencetorootgrowth.B.Nutrientsguaranteebetterwater-seekingrootsystems.C.Rootbranchingconservesenergyforhigherproduction.D.Strongerhydropatterningwaslinkedtogreaterrootdepth.14.Whatdoesparagraph5mainlytalkabout?A.Modelplantsinresearch.B.Hormones’roleinrootgrowth.C.Geneticanalysismethods.D.Findingsofpreviousresearch.15.Whatdoesthelastparagraphsuggestfutureresearchdo?A.Prioritizedevelopmentofnewcornvarieties.B.Workoutthemechanismsofgeneticinteractions.C.Concentratemerelyonlocalizedrootresponses.D.Expandpracticalapplicationsofhydropatterning.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是斯坦福大學領導的一項研究揭示了玉米根系如何感知土壤水分并生長分支的遺傳機制。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thestudy,publishedinthejournalScience,uncoversgeneticmechanismsbehind“hydropatterning”,orhowplantrootsbranchtowardwaterandavoiddryspacesinsoil.(這項發(fā)表在《科學》雜志上的研究揭示了“水模式”背后的遺傳機制，即植物的根是如何向水分支并避開土壤中的干燥空間的。)”可知，斯坦福大學領導的這項研究的主要焦點是根分枝的遺傳調控。故選C?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段““Interestingly,theplantsthatarebetteratsensingwherethewaterisarealsomakingdeeperrootsystems,”saidleadauthorJohannesScharwies.(“有趣的是，更善于感知水源的植物根系也更深，”首席作者JohannesScharwies說。)”可知，從JohannesScharwies的話中可以推斷出更強的水模式與更大的根深有關。故選D。【14題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Geneticanalysesrevealtwoplanthormones,auxinandethylene,playaroleinhowcornrootsrespondtowater.Whileauxinwasalreadyknowntohelpcontrolthisprocess,ethylene’sinvolvementwasanewdiscovery.(遺傳分析揭示了兩種植物激素，生長素和乙烯，在玉米根系對水的反應中起作用。雖然已知生長素有助于控制這一過程，但乙烯的參與是一個新發(fā)現(xiàn)。)”可知，第五段主要講的是激素在根生長中的作用。故選B。【15題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Furtherresearchisneededtobetterunderstandtheinteractionofthesegeneticpathwaysbeforecornvarietiescanbedevelopedwithmoredrought-resistantrootsystems,butthefindingshighlightthesignificanceofstudyingtheselocalizedresponsesatroottips,researcherssaid.(研究人員說，在培育出具有更抗旱根系的玉米品種之前，需要進一步的研究來更好地了解這些遺傳途徑的相互作用，但是這些發(fā)現(xiàn)強調了研究根尖上這些局部反應的重要性。)”可知，最后一段建議未來的研究找出基因相互作用的機制。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Ihatedwritinggrowingup.ButIcouldn’tavoidit:learningEnglishwasamustinhighschool.Forhours,Istaredatblankpages,tryingtoturnmydisorganizedthoughtsintofluentsentences.Itriedmybestbutmyteacherswouldreturnmypaperslitteredwithred.Iwasupsettonoend.____16____.AndthatwasOK.Ididn’thavetodowellineverything.____17____.IlikeditbecauseobjectivetruthcouldbefoundifIsearchedproperly.Incollege,Ijoinedaresearchlabtoenhanceconductorefficiency,andafterayearofhardwork,wedevelopedadesignthathalvedenergylosses.However,thejoywasshort-livedasIhadtowritearesearchpaperaboutourfindings.IknewthatifIwantedtobecomeanacademic,Iwouldneedtospendtimewritingpapers.Butwithmyawfultrackrecordwithwriting,Iwasscaredoffailing.Inapanic,Iaskedagraduatestudentinmylabforhelp.Wedefinedagoalforthepaper,andIcarefullywroteanoutline.ButwhenIaskedhimforfeedback,Isoonfoundthepapercoveredinredmarks.____18____.BeforeIcouldgiveupindefeat,though,thegraduatestudentexplainedthoseredmarksdidn’tmeanIwasabadwriter.____19____.Itrequiresrevisingyourwork,oftenseveraltimes.Ikeptimprovingtheoutlineofmypaper,eventuallyturningitintosentencesandparagraphs.Myinitialdraftwasn’tperfect.Ihadburiedafewkeytakeaways,andtheintroductionwasmissingimportantcontext.Butwithhelp,Ifinallymadeit.Fromthenon,writingbecameoneofmyfavoritepartsofresearch.____20____,butIchangedmyview.Allittookwassometrialanderror.A.“Notagain,”IscreamedinsideB.IshouldviewitinapositivewayC.MaybeIwasn’tgoodatwritingD.Writingisn’taone-and-donethingE.IsoonrealizedwritingwasmystrengthF.IswitchedtotheworldofmathandscienceG.Ihadneverimagineditinmywildestdreams【答案】16.C17.F18.A19.D20.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從討厭寫作到逐漸喜歡上寫作的心路歷程?！?6題詳析】由上文“Itriedmybestbutmyteacherswouldreturnmypaperslitteredwithred.Iwasupsettonoend.(我盡了最大的努力，但老師們總是把滿是紅筆批改痕跡的論文還給我。我一直很沮喪)”以及下文“AndthatwasOK.Ididn’thavetodowellineverything.(那也沒關系。我不必擅長所有事情。)”可知，本空應表達作者對自己寫作能力的看法。C選項“也許我不是天生就適合寫作”體現(xiàn)了作者覺得自己可能不具備寫作天賦，能承上啟下，符合語境。故選C?！?7題詳析】由下文“IlikeditbecauseobjectivetruthcouldbefoundifIsearchedproperly.Incollege,Ijoinedaresearchlabtoenhanceconductorefficiency,andafterayearofhardwork,wedevelopedadesignthathalvedenergylosses.(我喜歡它是因為只要我認真去探尋，就能找到客觀的真相。在大學期間，我加入了一個研究實驗室，旨在提高導體的效率。經(jīng)過一年的努力工作，我們終于設計出了一種能將能量損耗減半的方案。)”可知，作者喜歡客觀真理，并且參與了和科學相關的研究，本空應強調作者轉向了與科學相關的領域。F選項“我轉向了數(shù)學和科學的領域”能引出下文作者在數(shù)學和科學方面的經(jīng)歷，符合語境。故選F。【18題詳析】由上文“ButwhenIaskedhimforfeedback,Isoonfoundthepapercoveredinredmarks.(但當我向他征求反饋時，我很快發(fā)現(xiàn)論文上滿是紅筆標記。)”可知，作者的論文又被批改出很多問題，本空應表達作者此時的感受。A選項““不會又這樣吧，”我在心里尖叫道”體現(xiàn)了作者看到滿是紅筆標記時的無奈和沮喪情緒，能承接上文，符合語境。故選A。【19題詳析】由上文“BeforeIcouldgiveupindefeat,though,thegraduatestudentexplainedthoseredmarksdidn’tmeanIwasabadwriter.(不過，在我準備灰心喪氣放棄的時候，這位研究生卻解釋說那些紅色的標記并不意味著我是個糟糕的寫作者。)”以及下文“Itrequiresrevisingyourwork,oftenseveraltimes.(它需要多次修改你的作品。)”可知，本空應進一步解釋寫作需要多次修改的特點。D選項“寫作不是一蹴而就的事情”說明了寫作需要多次修改，不是一次就能完成的，能承上啟下，符合語境。故選D。【20題詳析】由上文“Fromthenon,writingbecameoneofmyfavoritepartsofresearch.(從那時起，寫作成了我研究中最喜歡的部分之一。)”以及下文“butIchangedmyview.Allittookwassometrialanderror.(但我改變了想法。所需要的只是一些反復嘗試。)”可知，本空應表達作者之前對寫作的態(tài)度和現(xiàn)在的反差。G選項“我做夢也沒想到會這樣”體現(xiàn)了作者之前從未想過寫作會成為自己喜歡的部分，與下文的轉折形成對比，符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。SincethebeginningofmyPh.D.,mylifehadbeenpackedwithactivities.Besidesworkingfulltimeonmyownresearch,I____21____mycolleagues’experimentsbyhelpingwithtaskslikedataanalysis.IattendedeverycoursethatIcould,believingmyabilityto____22____atightschedulewasameasureofmy____23____.However,behindmybusynesslayanundeniabletruth—Iwasburnedout.Myattentionwas____24____—Icouldn’tputmybestworkintoallthe____25____.Thenafteramajorerrorinmyresearchpaper,acolleaguecameand____26____,“Youneedtoraiseyourworkingapproach,butmoreimportantly,youneedto____27____.”Itookhisadvice.Ipurchasedaseparateworkphone,whichIwouldleave____28____intheevenings.Ialsostartedtosetclear____29____aroundmyworkhoursandbecamemore_____30_____abouttheprojectsItookon.Initially,IfeltIwasdoingsomethingthatmight_____31_____mycareer.ButmyprioritiesbecameclearerasItookmoretimeto_____32_____andreflectonmywork._____33_____,IrealizedIreallylikedwritingthethesisandputmoretimeandeffortintothem.Ultimately,this_____34_____madememoreproductive.Creatingspaceforyourselfisn’tasignof_____35_____;it’sawaytofocusonwhattrulymatterstoyou.21.A.graded B.aided C.funded D.scheduled22.A.assign B.manage C.delay D.decline23.A.patience B.competence C.knowledge D.ambition24.A.drawn B.focused C.divided D.directed25.A.achievements B.courses C.rewards D.tasks26.A.ordered B.blamed C.suggested D.investigated27.A.slowdown B.hangon C.cheerup D.fightback28.A.untouched B.uncharged C.unpaid D.unlocked29.A.guidelines B.deadlines C.goals D.boundaries30.A.selective B.curious C.confident D.anxious31.A.launch B.improve C.affect D.lengthen32.A.research B.experiment C.breathe D.battle33.A.Forinstance B.Inaddition C.Bycontrast D.Asalways34.A.belief B.training C.purchase D.change35.A.showingoff B.breakingdown C.fadingaway D.fallingbehind【答案】21.B22.B23.B24.C25.D26.C27.A28.A29.D30.A31.C32.C33.A34.D35.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者讀博士期間，因忙碌于各項事務導致精力耗盡、工作失誤，在同事的建議下開始調整工作方式，給自己留出空間，最終變得更高效，并認識到給自己留出空間并非落后的表現(xiàn)，而是專注于真正重要事情的一種方式?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：除了全職從事自己的研究之外，我還通過幫助完成數(shù)據(jù)分析等任務來幫助同事進行實驗。A.graded評分，分級；B.aided協(xié)助；C.funded資助；D.scheduled安排時間，預定。根據(jù)下文“byhelpingwithtaskslikedataanalysis”可知，作者通過幫忙做數(shù)據(jù)分析等任務來“協(xié)助（aided）”同事的實驗。故選B項?！?2題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我參加了我所能參加的每一門課程，我相信我管理緊湊日程的能力是對我能力的一種衡量。A.assign分配；B.manage管理；C.delay延遲；D.decline下降。根據(jù)句意以及“believingmyabilityto...atightschedule”可知，作者相信自己“安排（manage）”緊湊日程的能力。故選B項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我參加了我所能參加的每一門課程，我相信我管理緊湊日程的能力是對我能力的一種衡量。A.patience耐心；B.competence能力；C.knowledge知識；D.ambition野心。根據(jù)句意以及上文“believingmyabilityto________atightschedulewasameasureofmy”可知，作者認為自己安排緊湊日程的能力是衡量自己“能力（competence）”的一個標準。故選B項。【24題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的注意力被分散了——我不能把我最好的工作投入到所有的任務中。A.drawn吸引；B.focused關注；C.divided分散；D.directed指導。根據(jù)上文“Iwasburnedout.”以及下文“Icouldn’tputmybestworkintoa...”可知，作者精力耗盡，注意力“分散（divided）”，無法全身心投入任務中。故選C項。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的注意力被分散了——我不能把我最好的工作投入到一項任務中。A.achievements成就；B.courses課程；C.rewards獎勵；D.tasks任務。根據(jù)上文“Besidesworkingfulltimeonmyownresearch”以及“Icouldn’tputmybestworkinto…”可知，作者注意力分散，不能把最好的工作狀態(tài)投入到“任務（tasks）”。故選D項?！?6題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：后來，在我的研究論文中出現(xiàn)了一個重大錯誤之后，一位同事走過來建議說：“你需要提高你的工作方法，但更重要的是，你需要放慢速度?！盇.ordered命令；B.blamed責備；C.suggested建議；D.investigated調查。根據(jù)“Youneedtoraiseyourworkingapproach,butmoreimportantly,youneedto...”可知，同事過來“建議（suggested）”作者。故選C項。【27題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：后來，在我的研究論文中出現(xiàn)了一個重大錯誤之后，一位同事走過來建議說：“你需要提高你的工作方法，但更重要的是，你需要放慢速度?！盇.slowdown放慢，慢下來；B.hangon堅持，不掛斷；C.cheerup使高興，使振作；D.fightback反擊。根據(jù)上文“Iwasburnedout”可知，作者之前過于忙碌導致精力耗盡，所以同事建議他“慢下來（slowdown）”。故選A項?！?8題詳析】考查形容詞義辨析。句意：我買了一部單獨的工作手機，晚上不用碰它。A.untouched不被使用的，不碰的；B.uncharged未充電的；C.unpaid未支付的；D.unlocked未上鎖的。根據(jù)句意以及“Ipurchasedaseparateworkphone,whichIwouldleave...intheevenings.”可知，作者買了一部單獨的工作手機，晚上讓它“不被使用（untouched）”，即不處理工作事務。故選A項?！?9題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我也開始對我的工作時間設定清晰的界限，對我承擔的項目變得更有選擇性。A.guidelines指導方針；B.deadlines截止日期；C.goals目標；D.boundaries界限。根據(jù)上文提到作者晚上不使用工作手機，以及下文“aroundmyworkhours”，可知作者開始在工作時間周圍設定明確的“界限（boundaries）”。故選D項。【30題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我也開始對我的工作時間設定清晰的界限，對我承擔的項目變得更有選擇性。A.selective有選擇性的；B.curious好奇的；C.confident自信的；D.anxious焦慮的。根據(jù)上文提到設定工作界限，以及下文“abouttheprojectsItookon”可知，作者對自己承擔的項目變得更“有選擇性（selective）”。故選A項?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：起初，我覺得我正在做的事情可能會影響我的職業(yè)生涯。A.launch發(fā)射，發(fā)起；B.improve提高；C.affect影響；D.lengthen延長。根據(jù)下文“reflectonmywork”可知，作者一開始覺得自己做的這些改變（設定界限、有選擇性等）可能會“影響（affect）”自己的職業(yè)生涯。故選C項?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但當我花了更多的時間來呼吸和反思我的工作時，我的優(yōu)先事項變得更加清晰。A.research研究；B.experiment實驗；C.breathe呼吸；D.battle戰(zhàn)斗。根據(jù)“myprioritiesbecameclearerasItookmoretimeto...andreflectonmywork”可知，作者花更多時間“放松（breathe）”并反思自己的工作，這里“breathe”表示放松、調整狀態(tài)。故選C項?！?3題詳析】考查固定短語辨析。句意：例如，我意識到我真的很喜歡寫論文，并投入了更多的時間和精力。A.Forinstance例如；B.Inaddition此外；C.Bycontrast相比之下；D.Asalways一如既往。根據(jù)下文“IrealizedIreallylikedwritingthethesisandputmoretimeandeffortintothem.”可知，這是對前面“myprioritiesbecameclearer”的舉例說明。故選A項。【34題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最終，這個改變讓我更有效率了。A.belief信念；B.training訓練；C.purchase購買；D.change改變。根據(jù)上文作者做出的一系列改變（設定界限、有選擇性等），可知這種“改變（change）”讓作者更高效。故選D項?！?5題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：為自己創(chuàng)造空間并不意味著落后；這是一種專注于對你真正重要的事情的方法。A.showingoff炫耀；B.breakingdown出故障，崩潰；C.fadingaway逐漸消失；D.fallingbehind落后。根據(jù)下文“it’sawaytofocusonwhattrulymatterstoyou.”可知，給自己留出空間不是“落后（fallingbehind）”的標志，而是專注于真正重要事情的一種方式。故選D項。第二節(jié)（共10小題：每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Theoasis(綠洲)valleyseemsstrangelyatoddswiththecommonimpressionofSaudiArabia.Makenomistake,thedesertishere,butso____36____(be)breathtakinggreenlandscapes.Eventhearea’sspellingisunusual-AlUla.AlUla’s____37____(unique)notonlyliesinitsnaturalscenerybutinitsculturalandhistoricheritages(遺產).InAlUla,besidestheancientcityofDadan,touristscanvisitHegra,whichisbothSaudiArabia’sfirstUNESCOWorldHeritageSite____38____ahometoastonishingNabataeanrock-cuttombswithdelicatedecorationsandcarvings.____39____(early)thisyear,AlUlawelcomed263,000visitorsfromChina.RecognizingthesignificantpotentialforgrowthinChinesemarket,thetourismsectionofAlUla____40____(partner)localbusinesses,isseekingtostrengthenitspresenceinChinabyorganizingpromotionaleventsandparticipatingintravel____41____(fair).AbdulrahmanAlSuhailbni,thepresidentofcultureattheRoyalCommissionforAlUla,says,“We’veadoptedavariedstrategytomeettheneedsofChinesetourists,____42____featurescultural,historicalandluxuryexperiences.”Theauthorityhasalsoworked____43____Chinesemuseumstofocusonareaslikeculturalheritagepreservationandpromotion.Recently,AlUla,WonderofArabia,anexhibitionheldatthePalaceMuseum,presented____44____overviewofthearea’shistorythrough236exhibits.Moreover,attheAlUlaLanguageInstitute,founded