2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解沖刺模擬：實戰(zhàn)演練與技巧應(yīng)用考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartIReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthepassagebelow,eachnumberedparagraph(1-5)isfollowedbyaquestionoragroupofquestions.Readeachparagraphcarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsaccordingtowhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.MarkyouranswersonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.PassageTheriseoftheso-called"gigeconomy"hasbeenoneofthedefiningtrendsofthe21stcentury.Fueledbydigitalplatformsthatconnectserviceproviderswithcustomersonaflexible,oftenshort-termbasis,industriesfromtransportationtofreelancewritinghavebeentransformed.Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunprecedentedfreedomandautonomyforworkers,allowingthemtochoosetheirhoursandprojects.However,criticsraisesignificantconcernsaboutthelackoftraditionaljobsecurity,benefits,andlong-termcareerprospectsassociatedwithgigwork.Formanyindividuals,theallureofgigworkisundeniable.Itprovidesanescapefromtherigidstructuresoftraditionalemployment,offeringflexibilitythatcanbetteraccommodatepersonallivesormultipleincomestreams.Workerscanpotentiallyearnmorebytakingonadditionaltasksorbycommandinghigherratesfortheirspecializedskills.Thisflexibility,combinedwiththeabilitytoworkremotelyinmanycases,hasmadegigworkparticularlyappealingduringtimesofglobaldisruption,suchastheCOVID-19pandemic,whichsawamassiveshifttowardsremoteworkoptions.Despitetheseadvantages,theshadowofinstabilityloomslargeoverthegigeconomy.Unliketraditionalemployees,gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivebenefitslikehealthinsurance,paidsickleave,orretirementplans.Thislackofsecurityforcesmanytojugglemultiplegigsjusttomakeendsmeet,leadingtoaprecariousfinancialsituation.Theabsenceofaclearcareerladderoropportunitiesforprofessionaldevelopmentwithinasingleorganizationalsomeansthatgigworkersmaylackalong-termtrajectoryfortheircareers,constantlyneedingtomarketthemselvesandsearchfornewopportunities.Therelationshipbetweengigworkersandplatformsisoftencharacterizedbyapowerimbalance.Platformssettherules,algorithmsmanageassignments,andworkershavelimitedleveragetonegotiatetermsorchallengedecisions.Issuessuchaspaymentdelays,unfairratings,andtheabilityofplatformstoterminateaccesswithlittlenoticehighlighttheseconcerns.Furthermore,theclassificationofworkersasindependentcontractors,ratherthanemployees,oftenshieldsplatformsfromlegalobligationsrelatedtolaborstandardsandprotections,exacerbatinginequalitiesintreatmentandbenefitscomparedtotraditionalworkers.Societally,thegrowthofthegigeconomyposeschallengesforsystemstraditionallysupportedbytraditionalemployment.Governmentsocialsafetynets,suchasunemploymentinsurance,maybeinadequateforthosewhoseincomefluctuatesdramaticallyduetogigwork.Thedeclineintraditionalfull-timejobscouldalsoputdownwardpressureonwagesincertainsectorsasthesupplyofavailablelaborincreases.Moreover,theerosionofcompany-basedbenefitslikepensionsandhealthcarecontributionscouldshifttheburdenofsupportinganagingpopulationontoindividuals,potentiallyincreasingsocialinequality.Asthegigeconomycontinuestoevolve,sotoomustthestrategiesfornavigatingit.Forworkers,thisinvolvesdevelopingstrongself-marketingskills,buildingadiverseportfolioofclientsortasks,andmaintainingfinancialdisciplinetomanageincomevolatility.Forpolicymakers,thechallengeliesincreatingregulationsthatprotectworkers'rightswithoutstiflingtheinnovationandflexibilitythatplatformsoffer.Thiscouldinvolveexploringoptionslikeportablebenefitssystemsthatfollowindividualsacrossdifferentgigs,orredefiningworkerclassificationinwaysthatprovidegreatersecuritywithoutnecessarilyturningplatformsintotraditionalemployers.Ultimately,findingabalancethatallowsforthebenefitsofgigworkwhilemitigatingitsriskswillbecrucialforthehealthofboththeeconomyandsociety.1.Whatisthemaincharacteristicofthegigeconomyaccordingtothepassage?2.Accordingtoproponents,whataretheprimarybenefitsofparticipatinginthegigeconomy?3.Whatspecificproblemsdoesthepassageidentifyregardingthelackoftraditionalbenefitsforgigworkers?4.Howdoesthepassagedescribethepowerdynamicbetweengigworkersanddigitalplatforms?5.Whatsocietalchallengesdoesthegrowthofthegigeconomypresent,accordingtothepassage?6.Whatstrategiesdoesthepassagesuggestforbothworkersandpolicymakersindealingwiththechallengesofthegigeconomy?PartIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Thefollowingpassageismadeupoffiveparagraphs.Eachparagraphisfollowedbysomequestions.Readthepassagecarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonwhatisstatedorimpliedinthepassage.MarkyouranswersonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Theconceptof"cognitiveload"referstothetotalamountofmentaleffortbeingusedintheworkingmemorywhentryingtolearnsomething.Cognitiveloadtheorysuggeststhatforeffectivelearningtooccur,learnersshouldnotbeoverloadedwithtoomuchinformationatonce.Therearethreemaintypesofcognitiveload:intrinsic,extraneous,andgermane.Intrinsiccognitiveloadstemsfromtheinherentdifficultyofthelearningmaterialitself,suchasitscomplexityorabstraction.Extraneouscognitiveloadresultsfrompoorinstructionaldesignthatpresentsinformationinaninefficientorconfusingmanner.Germanecognitiveload,ontheotherhand,isthementaleffortdedicatedtoprocessingandunderstandingtheinformation,effectivelybuildingknowledge.Effectiveinstructionaimstominimizeextraneouscognitiveloadwhilemaximizinggermanecognitiveload.Thismeansdesigninglearningexperiencesthatpresentinformationclearlyandlogically,avoidingunnecessarydistractionsorextraneouselementsthatcompeteforthelearner'sattention.Techniquessuchasusingmultimediaelements(likediagramsandanimations)accordingtotheprinciplesofmultimedialearningcanhelpmanagecognitiveloadbypresentinginformationinmultiplemodalities,whichcanaidunderstanding.Similarly,chunkinginformationintosmaller,manageableunitsandprovidingscaffolding,ortemporarysupport,canhelplearnersprocessnewmaterialmoreeffectively.Thesignificanceofmanagingcognitiveloadliesinitsimpactonlearningefficiencyandretention.Whenlearnersareoverwhelmedbyexcessivecognitiveload,particularlyextraneousload,theyarelesslikelytoengageinmeaningfulprocessing.Instead,theymayresorttosuperficialstrategieslikerotememorization,whichleadstopoorunderstandingandshort-termretention.Bycontrast,whencognitiveloadiskeptwithinoptimallevels,learnerscanfocustheirmentalresourcesonactivitiesthatfosterdeeperunderstandingandlong-termmemory.Thisincludesanalyzinginformation,makingconnectionsbetweenconcepts,andengaginginproblem-solvingactivitiesthatarecharacteristicofgermanecognitiveload.Educationaltechnologyoffersvarioustoolsandstrategiestohelpmanagecognitiveloadinthelearningprocess.Adaptivelearningsystems,forinstance,cantailorthedifficultyandtypeofcontentpresentedtotheindividuallearner'sneeds,therebypreventingoverloadandensuringthatthecontentisappropriatelychallenging.Interactivesimulationsandvirtualenvironmentscanalsoprovidehands-onlearningexperiencesthatrequireactiveprocessingandengagement,potentiallyincreasinggermanecognitiveloadinabeneficialway.However,itiscrucialthattechnologyisusedpurposefullyandthoughtfully,withthegoalofreducingextraneousloadandenhancingmeaningfullearning,ratherthansimplyaddingtotheinformationdensityofthelearningenvironment.Despiteitsutility,cognitiveloadtheoryisnotwithoutlimitations.Onecriticismisthatthetheory'sfocusoncognitiveloadmaysometimesoverlooktheroleofindividualdifferencesamonglearners,suchaspriorknowledge,motivation,andlearningstyles,whichcanalsosignificantlyimpactthelearningprocess.Additionally,determiningtheoptimallevelofcognitiveloadfordifferentlearnersandtaskscanbechallenging,aswhatconstitutesextraneousorgermaneloadmayvaryconsiderably.Therefore,whilecognitiveloadtheoryprovidesavaluableframeworkforunderstandingandimprovinglearningdesign,itshouldbeappliedflexiblyandinconjunctionwithothereducationalprinciplesthatconsiderthediverseneedsandabilitiesoflearners.7.Whatistheprimaryconceptdiscussedinthepassage?8.Accordingtocognitiveloadtheory,whatshouldbeminimizedandmaximizedforeffectivelearning?9.Whatarethethreetypesofcognitiveloadmentionedinthepassage,andwhatdotheyrepresent?10.Howcanmultimedialearningpotentiallyhelpmanagecognitiveload?11.Whatisthemainbenefitofkeepingcognitiveloadwithinoptimallevelsforlearning?PartIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthepassagebelow,certainwordsareunderlined.Belowthepassage,therearefivechoicesmarkedA,B,C,D,andEforeachunderlinedword.Choosethewordthatbestkeepsthemeaningoftheoriginalsentenceifyoureplacetheunderlinedwordwitheachofthechoices.MarkyouranswersonyourMachine-scoringAnswerSheet.Therapidadvancementsinartificialintelligence(AI)haverecently12________asignificantdebateaboutitspotentialimpactonthejobmarket.ProponentsarguethatAIwillprimarily13________tasksthatarerepetitiveordangerous,freeinguphumanworkerstofocusonmorecreativeandcomplexendeavors.Critics,however,contendthatAIcouldleadtowidespread14________,potentiallydisplacingmillionsofworkersacrossvariousindustriesandleavingbehindsignificanteconomicandsocialchallenges.Understandingthenuancesofthis15________issueiscrucialforpolicymakersandbusinessesastheyattempttonavigatethetransitiontowardsamoreAI-integratedfuture.TheintegrationofAIintovarioussectorsisalready16________visibleeffects.Inmanufacturing,AI-poweredrobotshave17________takenoverassemblylinetasks,increasingefficiencywhilereducingtheneedforhumanlaborincertainroles.Inhealthcare,AIalgorithmsareassistingdoctorsindiagnosingdiseasesfrommedicalimageswithincreasingaccuracy,18________thediagnosticprocessbutalsoraisingconcernsaboutdataprivacyandthehumanelementinpatientcare.Similarly,intransportation,autonomousvehiclesare19________seenasapotentialsolutiontoreducetrafficcongestionandimprovesafety,althoughtheirwidespreadadoptionfacesnumeroustechnicalandregulatoryhurdles.DespitethepotentialbenefitsofincreasedproductivityandinnovationthatAIcanbring,the20________ofjobdisplacementposesaseriouschallenge.StudieshaveprojectedthatwhileAImaycreatenewtypesofjobs,thenatureofthesejobsmayrequiredifferentskillsetsthanthosecurrentlyheldbythedisplacedworkers.Thiscouldleadtoaskillsmismatch,wheretheavailablejobsarenotaccessibletothosewhohavelosttheirpreviousemployment.Furthermore,thetransitionperiodmayresultintemporaryunemploymentandincomelossforaffectedworkers,potentiallyexacerbatingexistinginequalities.Addressingthese21________willrequiresubstantialinvestmentineducationandretrainingprogramstohelpworkersadapttothechangingdemandsofthelabormarket.TheethicalconsiderationssurroundingAI'simpactonemploymentarealso22________complex.Questionsariseregardingthefairnessoftransitioningfromhuman-centricrolestoAI-drivensystems,particularlywhenthebenefitsofincreasedefficiencymaynotbeevenlydistributed.TherearealsoconcernsaboutthepotentialforAItoreinforceexistingbiasespresentinthedataitistrainedon,leadingtodiscriminatoryoutcomesinareaslikehiringorloanapplications.EnsuringthatthedevelopmentanddeploymentofAItechnologiesareguidedbyprinciplesoffairness,accountability,andtransparencywillbeessentialtomitigatetheseethical23________.ThisincludesimplementingsafeguardstopreventdiscriminationanddesigningAIsystemsthatcomplement,ratherthanmerelyreplace,humancapabilities.Ultimately,thefutureofworkinanAI-driveneconomywilllikelybeshapedbyacombinationoftechnologicalprogress,economicforces,andsocietalchoices.TheextenttowhichAIleadstojobdestructionversusjobcreationwilldependonfactorssuchasthepaceoftechnologicaladoption,thewillingnessofbusinessestoinvestinhuman-AIcollaboration,andthepoliciesimplementedbygovernmentstosupportworkersthroughthetransition.24________thepotentialrisksandharnessingtheopportunitiespresentedbyAIwillrequireacoordinatedeffortinvolvinggovernments,businesses,educationalinstitutions,andworkersthemselves.ThegoalshouldbetofosterafuturewhereAIservestoaugmenthumanpotential,ratherthanreplaceitunnecessarily.12.A.generateB.triggerC.assessD.diminishE.illustrate13.A.automateB.eliminateC.optimizeD.supplementE.prioritize14.A.redundancyB.innovationC.efficiencyD.diversityE.collaboration15.A.unresolvedB.straightforwardC.predictableD.superficialE.exaggerated16.A.demonstratingB.exhibitingC.documentingD.denouncingE.disregarding17.A.increasinglyB.consequentlyC.deliberatelyD.predominantlyE.inadvertently18.A.facilitatingB.complicatingC.acceleratingD.standardizingE.normalizing19.A.increasinglyB.consequentlyC.deliberatelyD.predominantlyE.inadvertently20.A.prospectB.likelihoodC.necessityD.benefitE.impact21.A.challengesB.opportunitiesC.innovationsD.advantagesE.discoveries22.A.undeniablyB.superficiallyC.ambiguouslyD.insignificantlyE.overwhelmingly23.A.implicationsB.efficienciesC.structuresD.mechanismsE.procedures24.A.IgnoringB.AddressingC.UnderestimatingD.UtilizingE.Overlooking試卷答案PartIReadingComprehension1.B解析：文章首段指出，“Theriseoftheso-called'gigeconomy'...isdefinedby...”以及下文“Flexibility...hasmadegigworkparticularlyappealing...”等句明確說明了其核心特征是靈活性（Flexibility）。2.A解析：文章首段“Proponentsarguethatthismodeloffersunprecedentedfreedomandautonomyforworkers,allowingthemtochoosetheirhoursandprojects”直接表明，支持者認為其主要好處是給予工人前所未有的自由（freedom）和自主權(quán)（autonomy），可以自由選擇工作時間和項目。3.C解析：文章第三段詳細闡述了缺乏傳統(tǒng)福利的問題，明確提到“Unliketraditionalemployees,gigworkerstypicallydonotreceivebenefitslikehealthinsurance,paidsickleave,orretirementplans”以及“Thislackofsecurityforcesmanytojugglemultiplegigsjusttomakeendsmeet”，說明具體問題是缺乏健康保險、帶薪病假、退休計劃等傳統(tǒng)福利，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟不穩(wěn)定。4.D解析：文章第四段描述了權(quán)力關(guān)系，“Therelationshipbetweengigworkersandplatformsisoftencharacterizedbyapowerimbalance.Platformssettherules,algorithmsmanageassignments,andworkershavelimitedleveragetonegotiatetermsorchallengedecisions”，表明權(quán)力動態(tài)是平臺掌握主導(dǎo)權(quán)，擁有規(guī)則制定權(quán)、任務(wù)分配權(quán)和算法管理權(quán)，而工人議價能力有限。5.E解析：文章第五段指出了社會層面面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，“Societally,thegrowthofthegigeconomyposeschallengesforsystemstraditionallysupportedbytraditionalemployment.Governmentsocialsafetynets...maybeinadequate...Thedeclineintraditionalfull-timejobscouldalsoputdownwardpressureonwages...theerosionofcompany-basedbenefits...couldshifttheburdenofsupportinganagingpopulationontoindividuals,potentiallyincreasingsocialinequality”，說明了對社會安全網(wǎng)、工資水平和社會公平的挑戰(zhàn)。6.B解析：文章最后一段提出了應(yīng)對策略，“Forworkers,thisinvolvesdevelopingstrongself-marketingskills,buildingadiverseportfolioofclientsortasks,andmaintainingfinancialdiscipline...Forpolicymakers,thechallengeliesincreatingregulationsthatprotectworkers'rightswithoutstiflinginnovation...Thiscouldinvolveexploringoptionslikeportablebenefitssystems...orredefiningworkerclassification...Ultimately,findingabalancethatallowsforthebenefitsofgigworkwhilemitigatingitsriskswillbecrucial”，明確提出了工人應(yīng)提升技能、分散風(fēng)險，政策制定者應(yīng)制定保護性法規(guī)并探索新制度，核心是找到平衡。PartIIReadingComprehension7.A解析：文章首段首句定義了核心概念，“Theconceptof'cognitiveload'referstothetotalamountofmentaleffortbeingusedintheworkingmemorywhentryingtolearnsomething”，即認知負荷是指學(xué)習(xí)時工作記憶中使用的總心理努力。8.B,E解析：文章第二段明確指出，“Effectiveinstructionaimstominimizeextraneouscognitiveloadwhilemaximizinggermanecognitiveload”，即有效教學(xué)旨在最小化額外認知負荷，同時最大化相關(guān)認知負荷。同時，“Thismeansdesigninglearningexperiencesthatpresentinformationclearlyandlogically...helplearnersprocessandunderstandtheinformation,effectivelybuildingknowledge”，這也指向最大化服務(wù)于有意義學(xué)習(xí)的認知負荷。9.C,G,I解析：文章第二段介紹了三種類型，“Intrinsiccognitiveloadstemsfromtheinherentdifficultyofthelearningmaterialitself...Extraneouscognitiveloadresultsfrompoorinstructionaldesign...Germanecognitiveload,ontheotherhand,isthementaleffortdedicatedtoprocessingandunderstandingtheinformation,effectivelybuildingknowledge”，分別對應(yīng)材料本身的難度（Intrinsic）、設(shè)計不當(dāng)造成的負擔(dān)（Extraneous）和用于理解構(gòu)建知識的努力（Germane）。10.A解析：文章第二段提到，“Techniquessuchasusingmultimediaelements(likediagramsandanimations)accordingtotheprinciplesofmultimedialearningcanhelpmanagecognitiveloadbypresentinginformationinmultiplemodalities,whichcanaidunderstanding”，明確指出多媒體學(xué)習(xí)通過多模態(tài)呈現(xiàn)信息（multiplemodalities）來幫助管理認知負荷。11.E解析：文章第三段闡述了保持最佳認知負荷的好處，“Whencognitiveloadiskeptwithinoptimallevels,learnerscanfocustheirmentalresourcesonactivitiesthatfosterdeeperunderstandingandlong-termmemory.Thisincludesanalyzinginformation,makingconnectionsbetweenconcepts,andengaginginproblem-solvingactivitiesthatarecharacteristicofg