2025年考研英語（二）閱讀理解長(zhǎng)篇實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練：詞匯積累與解題策略考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，完成后面的問題。Theadventoftheinternetanddigitaltechnologieshasirrevocablytransformedthelandscapeofmodernwork,renderingtraditionalnotionsofthefixedofficespaceandthe9-to-5scheduleincreasinglyobsolete.Formanyknowledgeworkers,theshifttowardsremoteandflexibleworkingarrangementshasheraldedaneweraofautonomyandwork-lifebalance.However,thisseismicculturalandstructuralshiftisnotwithoutitscomplexitiesandchallenges,demandingareevaluationofproductivity,collaboration,andtheverydefinitionofaneffectiveworkplace.Proponentsofremoteworkoftenhighlightitspotentialtoenhancepersonalwell-beingandproductivity.Byeliminatingcommutingtimeandallowingforgreaterflexibilityinmanagingpersonalresponsibilities,employeescanoftenachieveabetterequilibriumbetweentheirprofessionalandprivatelives.Studieshavesuggestedthatremoteworkersfrequentlyreporthigherjobsatisfactionandlowerstresslevelscomparedtotheiroffice-basedcounterparts.Furthermore,theremovalofphysicalproximitycanfosteranenvironmentwhereindividualsarelessconstrainedbysocialdynamicsandcanfocusmoreintentlyontheirtasks.Thiscanbeparticularlybeneficialforthosewhothriveinsolitaryworkorrequiresignificantuninterruptedtimefordeepconcentration.Yet,thedrawbacksofageographicallydispersedworkforceareequallysignificantandcannotbeoverlooked.Thespontaneousinteractionsandcollaborativeproblem-solvingthatoftenoccurinaphysicalofficesettingaredifficulttoreplicateentirelyonline.Buildingandmaintainingteamcohesion,fosteringastrongcompanyculture,andensuringequitableaccesstoopportunitiescanpresentconsiderablehurdlesinaremotecontext.Managersfacethechallengeofmaintainingvisibilityandensuringthatremoteemployeesfeelintegratedandvalued,whilealsonavigatingpotentialissuesofisolationanddemotivationamongindividualsworkinginsolitude.Thetechnologicalinfrastructurerequiredtosupporteffectiveremoteworkisanothercriticalfactor.Whileadvancementsincommunicationtoolshavemadeitpossibletocollaborateacrossdistances,ensuringseamlessconnectivity,reliablesoftware,andadequatehardwareremainsanecessityforproductivity.Disruptionsintechnologycannotonlyhinderindividualworkbutalsoimpedeteamcollaboration,potentiallyleadingtodelaysanddecreasedefficiency.Additionally,thereistheissueofdigitaldivide,wherenotallemployeesmayhaveequalaccesstothenecessarytechnologyorasuitableworkenvironmentathome,potentiallyexacerbatinginequalitieswithintheworkforce.Fromabroaderorganizationalperspective,thetransitiontoremoteworknecessitatesafundamentalshiftinmanagementphilosophyandemployeeexpectations.Traditionalperformancemetricsbasedonpresenceandhoursworkedmaynolongerbeapplicable.Employersneedtofocusonoutcomesandresultsratherthanthemeretrackingoftimespentatadesk.Thisrequiresbuildingtrustandfosteringacultureofaccountabilityandself-disciplineamongemployees.Simultaneously,companiesmustinvestintrainingmanagerstoleadeffectivelyinavirtualenvironment,providingthemwiththeskillstomentor,motivate,andsupporttheirteamsremotely.Astheworldcontinuestograpplewiththeimplicationsofthedigitalrevolution,theremoteworkmodelislikelytoremainaprominentfeatureofthemodernworkplace.Whileitofferscompellingbenefitsintermsofflexibilityandpotentialproductivitygains,itssuccessfulimplementationhingesonaddressingtheinherentchallengesrelatedtocollaboration,technology,management,andculturaladaptation.Thefutureofworkwilllikelyinvolveahybridapproach,blendingthebestaspectsofin-personandremotecollaboration,butthejourneytowardsthisidealnecessitatesongoingdialogue,adaptation,andawillingnesstoreconfiguretraditionalworknorms.Questions:1.Theword"irrevocably"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:(A)gradually(B)potentially(C)permanently(D)unexpectedly2.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaprimaryreasoncitedbyproponentsfortheadoptionofremotework?(A)Itsignificantlyreducesthecostofbusinessoperations.(B)Itallowsemployeestoeliminatetheirneedforprofessionaldevelopment.(C)Itenhancesemployeeautonomyandcanimprovework-lifebalance.(D)Itguaranteeshigherproductivityforalltypesoftasks.3.Thepassagehighlightsseveralpotentialbenefitsofremotework,suchasreducedcommutingtimeandlowerstresslevels.However,italsomentionsthatthesebenefitsarenotuniversallyexperienced.Whichofthefollowingpointsmadelaterinthepassagesupportsthisidea?(A)Thechallengesofreplicatingspontaneousinteractionsinaremotesetting.(B)Theneedforrobusttechnologicalinfrastructuretosupportremotework.(C)Thepotentialforsomeemployeestofeelisolatedwhenworkingfromhome.(D)Therequirementforcompaniestoinvestintrainingmanagersforavirtualenvironment.4.Thephrase"fosteringastrongcompanyculture"asmentionedinthethirdparagraphrefersto:(A)implementingstrictrulesandregulationsforremoteemployees.(B)encouragingthedevelopmentofasharedsetofvaluesandpracticesamongemployees.(C)focusingonincreasingthenumberofcompanyeventsandsocialgatherings.(D)ensuringthatallemployeesadheretothesameworkinghours.5.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestisakeychallengeformanagerstransitioningtoremoteleadership?(A)Ensuringthatallemployeeshaveidenticalhomeofficesetups.(B)Maintainingteamcohesionandensuringequitableaccesstoopportunities.(C)Monitoringemployeeproductivitythroughconstantvideosurveillance.(D)Providingfreeinternetservicestoallremoteworkers.6.Thepassagesuggeststhatthefutureofworkmayinvolvea"hybridapproach."Whatdoesthislikelyimply?(A)Acompletereturntotraditionaloffice-basedwork.(B)Theabandonmentofremoteworkduetoitsinherentchallenges.(C)Acombinationofin-personandremotecollaborationmethods.(D)Asystemwhereonlyseniormanagementworksremotely.7.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingismostlikelyanoutcomeofthedigitalrevolutionformanyknowledgeworkers?(A)Acompletelossofjobsecurityduetoautomation.(B)Increasedopportunitiesforflexibleandremoteworkingarrangements.(C)Amandatoryrequirementtoworkinaspecificgeographiclocation.(D)Asignificantreductionintheoverallnumberofavailablejobs.8.Thepassagepresentsabalancedviewofremoteworkbyacknowledgingbothitspotentialbenefitsanditssignificantdrawbacks.Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestcapturesthisbalancedperspective?(A)Remoteworkisinherentlysuperiortoofficeworkforallemployeesandcompanies.(B)Whileremoteworkoffersflexibility,italsopresentssubstantialchallengesthatneedcarefulmanagement.(C)Thesuccessofremoteworkdependsentirelyontheavailabilityofadvancedcommunicationtechnology.(D)Employersshouldonlyofferremoteworkoptionsiftheycanprovideperfecttechnologicalinfrastructure.9.Theauthor'stoneinthepassagecanbestbedescribedas:(A)stronglyadvocatingforthecompleteadoptionofremotework.(B)objectivelydiscussingthemultifacetednatureofremotework.(C)criticallyevaluatingthenegativeimpactsofremotework.(D)pessimisticallypredictingthefailureofremoteworkarrangements.10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(A)Theinternethasmadeitimpossibleforcompaniestooperateeffectivelywithoutaphysicaloffice.(B)Remoteworkoffersnumerousbenefitsbutrequiressignificantadjustmentsinmanagementandemployeeexpectationstobesuccessful.(C)Flexibleworkingarrangementswilleventuallyreplacetraditionalofficeworkcompletely.(D)Technologicalinfrastructureisthesinglemostimportantfactordeterminingthesuccessofremotework.第二部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章，完成后面的問題。Intherealmofurbanplanning,theconceptof"smartcities"representsasignificantshifttowardsleveragingtechnologytoenhancethequalityoflifeforresidentsandimprovetheefficiencyofurbanoperations.Proponentsenvisionafuturewhereinterconnecteddigitalsystemsmanageeverythingfromtrafficflowandenergyconsumptiontopublicsafetyandhealthcareservices.Whilethepotentialbenefitsaresubstantial,includingreducedenvironmentalimpact,increasedeconomicproductivity,andgreatercitizenengagement,therealizationofthisvisionisfraughtwithcomplexchallengesthatdemandcarefulconsideration.Aprimarydriverbehindthesmartcitymovementisthepursuitofsustainability.Byintegratingsensors,dataanalytics,andintelligentsystems,citiescanmonitorandoptimizeresourceusageinreal-time.Forinstance,smartgridscanbalanceenergydemandandsupplymoreefficiently,reducingwasteandrelianceonfossilfuels.Smarttransportationsystemsaimtoalleviatetrafficcongestionthroughdynamicroutingsuggestionsandoptimizedpublictransitschedules.Theseinitiativesnotonlycontributetoenvironmentalprotectionbutalsoenhancetheoveralllivabilityofurbanareasbyreducingpollutionandimprovingairquality.Thepotentialforsmarttechnologiestocreatemoresustainableandresilienturbanenvironmentsisundeniable.However,theimplementationofsmartcitytechnologiesraisessignificantconcernsregardingdataprivacyandsecurity.Theextensivenetworkofsensorsandconnecteddevicesgeneratesvastamountsofdata,encompassingeverythingfrompersonalmovementsandhabitstocriticalinfrastructureoperations.Ensuringtheprotectionofthisdatafromunauthorizedaccess,misuse,orcyberattacksisparamount.Thereisadelicatebalancetobestruckbetweenharnessingthebenefitsofdataforimprovedservicesandrespectingindividualprivacyrights.Withoutrobustsecuritymeasuresandclearregulatoryframeworks,thepotentialforsurveillanceanderosionofpersonalfreedomsposesaseriousthreat.Equallychallengingistheissueofthedigitaldivide.Whilesmarttechnologiesoffernumerousadvantages,theirbenefitsarenotequallyaccessibletoallsegmentsofthepopulation.Individualslackingaccesstoreliableinternetconnectivity,affordablesmartdevices,orthedigitalliteracyrequiredtonavigatethesetechnologiesmaybeleftbehind,potentiallyexacerbatingexistingsocialinequalities.Ensuringthatthebenefitsofsmartcityinitiativesaredistributedequitablyandthatvulnerablepopulationsarenotmarginalizedisacriticalconsiderationthaturbanplannersmustaddress.Theeconomiccostsassociatedwithbuildingandmaintainingsmartcityinfrastructurerepresentanothermajorhurdle.Thedeploymentofsensors,networkingcapabilities,andintegratedsoftwaresystemsrequiressubstantialfinancialinvestment.Securingthisfunding,oftenthroughpublic-privatepartnerships,andensuringthelong-termeconomicviabilityoftheseinitiativescanbecomplex.Furthermore,thereisthechallengeofintegratingnewtechnologieswithexistingurbaninfrastructure,whichcanbeoutdatedanddifficulttoretrofit.Thepotentialforcostoverrunsandtheriskoftechnologiesbecomingobsoletequicklyaddlayersofcomplexitytothesmartcityequation.Despitethesechallenges,thetrajectoryoftechnologicaladvancementsuggeststhatthedevelopmentofsmartcitieswilllikelycontinuetoaccelerate.Theincreasingsophisticationofartificialintelligence,theproliferationoftheInternetofThings(IoT),andadvancementsindataanalyticsprovideapowerfulfoundationforfurtherinnovation.Asthesetechnologiesmature,theyofferthepotentialtocreateevenmoreresponsive,efficient,andsustainableurbanenvironments.Thekeywillbetonavigatetheassociatedrisksandchallengesproactively,ensuringthatsmartcityinitiativesaredevelopedandimplementedinawaythatmaximizesbenefitswhileminimizingpotentialnegativeconsequences.Inconclusion,thevisionofsmartcitiesholdsconsiderablepromiseforthefutureofurbanliving,offeringpotentialsolutionstomanyofthecomplexchallengesfacedbymoderncities.However,realizingthisvisionrequiresamultifacetedapproachthataddressesnotonlytechnologicalinnovationbutalsocrucialsocio-economicandethicalconsiderations.Balancingthepursuitofefficiencyandsustainabilitywiththeprotectionofprivacy,ensuringequitableaccess,andmanagingtheeconomicrealitiesareessentialcomponentsofasuccessfulsmartcitystrategy.Thejourneytowardssmartercitiesisthereforenotmerelyaboutdeployingtechnology,butaboutshapingafuturewheretechnologyservestoenhancethewell-beingofallresidents.Questions:11.Thephrase"fraughtwithcomplexchallenges"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto:(A)basedonsimpleandclearprinciples(B)characterizedbystraightforwardsolutions(C)involvingmanydifficultproblems(D)freefromanypotentialdifficulties12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeytechnologicalcomponentusedinsmartcitiestopromotesustainability?(A)Artificialintelligenceforautomatedcitygovernance.(B)Sensorsanddataanalyticsformonitoringandoptimizingresourceuse.(C)High-speedrailnetworkstoconnecturbanandsuburbanareas.(D)Renewableenergysourcesintegratedintocityinfrastructure.13.Thepassagementions"thedelicatebalancetobestruckbetweenharnessingthebenefitsofdata...andrespectingindividualprivacyrights."Whichofthefollowingscenariosbestillustratesthisbalance?(A)Acityinstallingcamerastomonitortrafficflow,whilealsoimplementingdataencryptionforcitizeninformation.(B)Acompanyofferingfreesmarthomedevicesinexchangefordetaileduserdata.(C)Residentsrefusingtouseanysmartcityservicesduetoprivacyconcerns.(D)Thegovernmentmandatingthatallsmartcitydatabepubliclyaccessible.14.Theterm"digitaldivide"asusedinthepassagerefersto:(A)thedifferenceintechnologicalskillsbetweenolderandyoungercitizens.(B)thegapbetweenthecostofsmartdevicesandtheaverageincomeofresidents.(C)theinequalityinaccesstointernetconnectivityanddigitaltechnologiesamongdifferentpopulationgroups.(D)thediscrepancybetweenthespeedofcityinternetserviceandruralinternetservice.15.Whatistheprimarypurposeofthepassage?(A)Toargueagainstthedevelopmentofsmartcitiesduetotheirhighcosts.(B)Tooutlineacomprehensiveplanforfundingsmartcityinfrastructure.(C)Topresentabalancedviewofthepotentialbenefitsandsignificantchallengesassociatedwithsmartcities.(D)Topromotetheuseofartificialintelligenceasthekeytechnologyinurbanplanning.16.Theauthorsuggeststhatensuringequitableaccessinsmartcitiesisa"criticalconsideration."Whatdoesthisimply?(A)Allresidentsmustberequiredtopurchasesmartdevices.(B)Effortsmustbemadetoensurethatallcitizenscanbenefitfromsmartcityinitiatives.(C)Thedesignofsmartcityservicesshouldprimarilycatertobusinessneeds.(D)Onlyaselectfewshouldhaveaccesstosmartcityservicesbasedontheirabilitytopay.17.Basedonthepassage,whichofthefollowingismostlikelyafuturedevelopmentinsmartcitytechnology?(A)ThecompletereplacementofhumancitymanagerswithAIsystems.(B)Thewidespreadimplementationoftechnologiesthatenhancesustainabilityandconnectivity.(C)Aglobalstandardrequiringallcitiestoadoptthesamesmartcitytechnologies.(D)Theabandonmentofdatacollectionduetoprivacyconcerns.18.Thepassagementionstheneedfor"robustsecuritymeasuresandclearregulatoryframeworks"toaddressdataprivacyconcerns.Whichofthefollowingactionswouldbestsupportthisneed?(A)Encouragingcitizenstousestrongpasswordsfortheirsmartdevices.(B)Establishinggovernmentagenciesspecificallytaskedwithoverseeingsmartcitydataprivacy.(C)Makingallsmartcitytechnologiesopen-sourcetoallowpublicscrutiny.(D)Implementingpoliciesthatstrictlylimitthecollectionofanypersonaldatabycities.19.Theauthor'stonethroughoutthepassagecanbedescribedas:(A)overlyoptimisticabouttheinevitablesuccessofsmartcities.(B)purelytechnical,focusingonlyonthetechnologicalaspectsofsmartcities.(C)balancedandcautious,acknowledgingbothpotentialbenefitsandsignificantdrawbacks.(D)criticalanddismissiveofthesmartcityconcept.20.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(A)Smartcitiesareprimarilybeneficialforlargecorporationsseekingtoprofitfromurbantechnology.(B)Thedevelopmentofsmartcitiesofferssignificantenvironmentalandeconomicadvantagesbutrequirescarefulmanagementofsocial,ethical,andprivacychallenges.(C)Allcitiesshouldimmediatelyinvestheavilyinsmarttechnologiestoremaincompetitiveglobally.(D)Datasecurityisthemostcriticalfactordeterminingthesuccessofanysmartcityinitiative.試卷答案1.(C)解析思路：根據(jù)第一段“...theshifttowardsremoteandflexibleworkingarrangementshasheraldedaneweraofautonomyandwork-lifebalance.”，advent意為“出現(xiàn)，到來”，permanently“永久地”最接近heraldedanewera（開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)新時(shí)代）所隱含的持久性意味。選項(xiàng)A“逐漸地”與heralded不搭配；選項(xiàng)B“潛在地”與句意不符；選項(xiàng)C“永久地”符合語境；選項(xiàng)D“出乎意料地”與advent無關(guān)。2.(C)解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“Proponentsofremoteworkoftenhighlightitspotentialtoenhancepersonalwell-beingandproductivity.Byeliminatingcommutingtimeandallowingforgreaterflexibilityinmanagingpersonalresponsibilities,employeescanoftenachieveabetterequilibriumbetweentheirprofessionalandprivatelives.”，proponents（支持者）強(qiáng)調(diào)遠(yuǎn)程工作能提升個(gè)人福祉和生產(chǎn)力，并實(shí)現(xiàn)工作與生活的更好平衡，這直接對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C“它允許員工獲得更大的自主性并改善工作與生活的平衡”。選項(xiàng)A“它顯著降低了企業(yè)運(yùn)營(yíng)成本”未在文中提及；選項(xiàng)B“它允許員工消除對(duì)專業(yè)發(fā)展的需求”與文意相反；選項(xiàng)D“它保證了所有類型任務(wù)的高生產(chǎn)力”過于絕對(duì)。3.(C)解析思路：第二段提到遠(yuǎn)程工作的好處（如減少通勤時(shí)間、降低壓力），接著第三段指出“Yet,thedrawbacks...cannotbeoverlooked.”（然而，缺點(diǎn)也不能被忽視）。第三段隨后提到的“buildingandmaintainingteamcohesion,fosteringastrongcompanyculture,andensuringequitableaccesstoopportunitiescanpresentconsiderablehurdlesinaremotecontext.”（在遠(yuǎn)程環(huán)境下，建立和維護(hù)團(tuán)隊(duì)凝聚力、培養(yǎng)企業(yè)文化以及確保機(jī)會(huì)均等可能帶來相當(dāng)大的挑戰(zhàn)）以及“potentialissuesofisolationanddemotivationamongindividualsworkinginsolitude.”（在獨(dú)自工作的人中可能出現(xiàn)孤立和缺乏動(dòng)力的問題）直接支持了選項(xiàng)C“遠(yuǎn)程工作時(shí)，一些員工可能會(huì)感到孤立”。選項(xiàng)A“在遠(yuǎn)程環(huán)境中復(fù)制非正式互動(dòng)的挑戰(zhàn)”是遠(yuǎn)程工作的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，但不是對(duì)第二段所述好處并非普遍適用的直接支持；選項(xiàng)B“支持遠(yuǎn)程工作所需的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施”是另一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)；選項(xiàng)D“管理者在虛擬環(huán)境中進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)的需求”是管理上的挑戰(zhàn)。4.(B)解析思路：根據(jù)第三段“...ensuringequitableaccesstoopportunitiescanpresentconsiderablehurdlesinaremotecontext....Managersfacethechallengeofmaintainingvisibilityandensuringthatremoteemployeesfeelintegratedandvalued,whilealsonavigatingpotentialissuesofisolationanddemotivationamongindividualsworkinginsolitude.”，fosteringastrongcompanyculture在遠(yuǎn)程環(huán)境下是挑戰(zhàn)，指的是在遠(yuǎn)程情況下要努力培養(yǎng)一種有凝聚力的、大家感覺屬于其中一員的企業(yè)文化，即選項(xiàng)B“鼓勵(lì)發(fā)展一套共享的價(jià)值觀和實(shí)踐”。選項(xiàng)A“實(shí)施嚴(yán)格的遠(yuǎn)程員工規(guī)章制度”；選項(xiàng)C“專注于增加公司活動(dòng)和社交聚會(huì)”；選項(xiàng)D“確保所有員工遵守相同的工作時(shí)間”。5.(B)解析思路：根據(jù)第三段末尾“...managerstoleadeffectivelyinavirtualenvironment,providingthemwiththeskillstomentor,motivate,andsupporttheirteamsremotely.”，管理者在虛擬環(huán)境中有效領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)，需要具備遠(yuǎn)程指導(dǎo)、激勵(lì)和支持團(tuán)隊(duì)的能力。這直接對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B“在遠(yuǎn)程環(huán)境下維持團(tuán)隊(duì)凝聚力并確保機(jī)會(huì)均等”。選項(xiàng)A“確保所有員工擁有相同的家庭辦公設(shè)置”；選項(xiàng)C“通過持續(xù)的視頻監(jiān)控監(jiān)控員工生產(chǎn)力”；選項(xiàng)D“為所有遠(yuǎn)程工作者提供免費(fèi)的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)服務(wù)”。6.(C)解析思路：根據(jù)第五段“...thefutureofworkwilllikelyinvolveahybridapproach,blendingthebestaspectsofin-personandremotecollaboration,butthejourneytowardsthisidealnecessitatesongoingdialogue,adaptation,andawillingnesstoreconfiguretraditionalworknorms.”，文中明確提到futureofworkwilllikelyinvolvea"hybridapproach"，即“混合模式”。這種模式結(jié)合了面對(duì)面和遠(yuǎn)程協(xié)作的最佳方面，因此選項(xiàng)C“結(jié)合面對(duì)面和遠(yuǎn)程協(xié)作的方法”最符合文意。選項(xiàng)A“完全回歸傳統(tǒng)的辦公室工作”；選項(xiàng)B“由于其固有的挑戰(zhàn)而放棄遠(yuǎn)程工作”；選項(xiàng)D“只有高級(jí)管理人員遠(yuǎn)程工作”。7.(B)解析思路：根據(jù)第一段“...theadventoftheinternetanddigitaltechnologieshasirrevocablytransformedthelandscapeofmodernwork,renderingtraditionalnotionsofthefixedofficespaceandthe9-to-5scheduleincreasinglyobsolete.”以及全文對(duì)遠(yuǎn)程工作靈活性的討論，數(shù)字革命對(duì)許多知識(shí)工作者最可能的結(jié)果是增加了靈活和遠(yuǎn)程工作的機(jī)會(huì)，即選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)A“由于自動(dòng)化而完全失去工作保障”；選項(xiàng)C“強(qiáng)制要求在特定地理位置工作”；選項(xiàng)D“可用工作職位總數(shù)顯著減少”。8.(B)解析思路：全文開篇指出遠(yuǎn)程工作的轉(zhuǎn)變是永久性的（irrevocably），接著既提到了其好處（如第一段、第二段），也提到了其挑戰(zhàn)（如第三段、第四段、第五段）。因此，最符合全文平衡觀點(diǎn)的陳述是選項(xiàng)B“雖然遠(yuǎn)程工作提供了靈活性，但它也帶來了需要仔細(xì)管理的重大挑戰(zhàn)”。選項(xiàng)A“遠(yuǎn)程工作優(yōu)于辦公室工作對(duì)所有員工和公司來說都是理所當(dāng)然的”；選項(xiàng)C“成功實(shí)施遠(yuǎn)程工作的關(guān)鍵完全在于先進(jìn)通信技術(shù)的可用性”；選項(xiàng)D“如果公司能夠提供完美的技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，則應(yīng)只提供遠(yuǎn)程工作選項(xiàng)”。9.(B)解析思路：作者在全文中既闡述了遠(yuǎn)程工作和智能城市的潛在益處（如靈活性、效率、可持續(xù)性），也客觀地指出了其面臨的各種挑戰(zhàn)（如隱私、數(shù)字鴻溝、成本、管理）。作者沒有一味地強(qiáng)烈主張、批判或悲觀預(yù)測(cè)，而是呈現(xiàn)了一個(gè)多方面的、客觀的討論，因此選項(xiàng)B“客觀地討論遠(yuǎn)程工作的多方面性質(zhì)”最符合作者語氣。選項(xiàng)A“強(qiáng)烈主張完全采用遠(yuǎn)程工作”；選項(xiàng)C“批判遠(yuǎn)程工作的負(fù)面影響”；選項(xiàng)D“悲觀地預(yù)測(cè)遠(yuǎn)程工作安排的失敗”。10.(B)解析思路：文章主旨是討論遠(yuǎn)程工作（第一部分）和智能城市（第二部分）。對(duì)于遠(yuǎn)程工作，文章指出其提供了諸多好處，但也需要調(diào)整管理和員工期望才能成功；對(duì)于智能城市，文章同樣指出其潛力巨大，但實(shí)現(xiàn)這一愿景需要解決技術(shù)、社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和倫理等多方面的挑戰(zhàn)。因此，文章的整體主旨是遠(yuǎn)程工作和智能城市都潛藏著巨大機(jī)遇，但成功實(shí)施需要謹(jǐn)慎處理其帶來的復(fù)雜挑戰(zhàn)，即選項(xiàng)B。選項(xiàng)A“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)使得公司不可能在沒有物理辦公室的情況下有效運(yùn)營(yíng)”；選項(xiàng)C“靈活的工作安排最終將完全取代傳統(tǒng)的辦公室工作”；選項(xiàng)D“技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施是決定遠(yuǎn)程工作成功與否的最重要因素”。11.(C)解析思路：根據(jù)第一段“...theconceptof'smartcities'representsasignificantshifttowardsleveragingtechnology...However,therealizationofthisvisionisfraughtwithcomplexchallengesthatdemandcarefulconsideration.”，fraughtwithcomplexchallenges意為“充滿了復(fù)雜的挑戰(zhàn)”，與選項(xiàng)C“涉及許多困難的難題”意思最為接近。選項(xiàng)A“基于簡(jiǎn)單明了的原則”；選項(xiàng)B“以簡(jiǎn)單的解決方案為特征”；選項(xiàng)D“沒有潛在的困難”。12.(B)解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“...aprimarydriverbehindthesmartcitymovementisthepursuitofsustainability.Byintegratingsensors,dataanalytics,andintelligentsystems,citiescanmonitorandoptimizeresourceusageinreal-time.Forinstance,smartgridscanbalanceenergydemandandsupplymoreefficiently...Smarttransportationsystemsaimtoalleviatetrafficcongestionthroughdynamicroutingsuggestionsandoptimizedpublictransitschedules.”，文中明確提到利用傳感器、數(shù)據(jù)分析和智能系統(tǒng)來實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)和優(yōu)化資源使用，這是為了促進(jìn)可持續(xù)性。選項(xiàng)A“用于自動(dòng)化城市治理的人工智能”；選項(xiàng)C“連接城市和郊區(qū)的快速鐵路網(wǎng)絡(luò)”；選項(xiàng)D“集成到城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施中的可再生能源”。13.(A)解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“...Thereisadelicatebalancetobestruckbetweenharnessingthebenefitsofdataforimprovedservicesandrespectingindividualprivacyrights.Withoutrobustsecuritymeasuresandclearregulatoryframeworks,thepotentialforsurveillanceanderosionofpersonalfreedomsposesaseriousthreat.”，這句話明確指出需要在利用數(shù)據(jù)改進(jìn)服務(wù)和尊重個(gè)人隱私權(quán)之間取得平衡。選項(xiàng)A“城市安裝攝像頭監(jiān)控交通流量，同時(shí)為公民信息實(shí)施數(shù)據(jù)加密”體現(xiàn)了在利用數(shù)據(jù)（監(jiān)控交通）和保護(hù)隱私（數(shù)據(jù)加密）之間的平衡；選項(xiàng)B“一家公司提供免費(fèi)的智能家居設(shè)備，作為換取詳細(xì)用戶數(shù)據(jù)的條件”側(cè)重于商業(yè)利益與隱私的交換，并非平衡；選項(xiàng)C“居民由于隱私問題拒絕使用任何智能城市服務(wù)”；選項(xiàng)D“政府強(qiáng)制要求所有智能城市數(shù)據(jù)都向公眾開放”。14.(C)解析思路：根據(jù)第二段“...theissueofthedigitaldivide.Whilesmarttechnologiesoffernumerousadvantages,theirbenefitsarenotequallyaccessibletoallsegmentsofthepopulation.Individuals