桂林市2022～2023學(xué)年度下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)高二英語(考試用時(shí)120分鐘，滿分150分)注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】WhatwillLindadothisafternoon?A.Gohiking. B.Takeanexam. C.Attendadiscussion.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Linda,doyouwanttogohikingwithusthisafternoon?W:I’dliketo,butIhavetogotomygroupdiscussionat3:00pm.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whichkindofbookdoesthemanlovereadingnow?A.Sci-fibooks. B.Classicnovels. C.Biographies.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Tom,whatkindofbookdoyoulovereadingmost?M:Iusedtolovesciencefictionbooksmost,butnowIpreferclassicnovels.Whataboutyou?W:Booksaboutfamouspeople’slifeattractmemost.Suchbooksareveryinspiring.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatisthemanmostprobably?A.Awaiter. B.Ahotelclerk. C.Ashopassistant.【答案】A【解析】【原文】M:Areyoureadytoordernow,madam?W:Notyet,I’mstilllookingatthemenu.Couldyougivemeaglassofwater,please?I’mabitthirsty.M:OK.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】HowdoesKarenlooknow?A.Happy. B.Confused. C.Upset.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:LookatKaren.Shelookedveryhappyjustamomentago.Whyisshewearingsuchalongfacenow?M:Idon’tknow.Maybeshehasjustgotsomebadnews.W:Let’sgoandfinditout.M:We’dbetternot.Ithinkshepreferstostayalonenow.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Afire. B.Arestaurant. C.Anearthquake.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Iheardtherewasafireinourcitylastnight.Diditcausemuchdamage?M:No,itdidn’t.Thefirebrokeoutatarestaurant.Luckilyitwasputoutquicklyandnobodywaskilled.W:Thankgoodness!第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.Howwillthemangettotherailwaystation?A.Bybus. B.Onfoot. C.Bysubway.7What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Strangers. B.Colleagues. C.Bossandsecretary.【答案】6.C7.A【解析】【原文】M:Excuseme,madam.CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation,please?W:Certainly.Sohowdoyouwanttogetthere,bybusorsubway?M:Can’tIgetthereonfoot?W:Idon’tthinkitisagoodidea.Ittakesatleastfortyminutestogetthereonfoot.IfIwereyou,I’dgotherebysubway.M:OK.Sowhereisthenearestsubwaystation,please?W:It’sjusttwoblocksawayfromhere.Walkstraighttogopasttwoblocksandyou‘llseeit.M:Thankyou.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.WhatisspecialaboutTheBrearleySchool?A.Itisjustforgirls.B.Ithasaconvenientlocation.C.Itisagoodpublicschool.9.Whendidtheschoolhaveitsfirstfemalehead?A.In1915. B.In1926. C.In1931.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:Whereareyoustudyingnow,Susan?W:AttheBrearleySchool.M:Sowhydidyougotostudythere?Isitclosetoyourhome?W:No.Mymothermadethedecision.Shewantedmetogotoanall-girlsprivateschool.Sheconsidereditagoodoption.M:Doestheschoolhavealonghistory?W:Yes.ItwasfoundedbySamuelA.Brearleyin1884,andheservedastheheadoftheschoolfortwoyears.M:Whyforsuchashorttime?W:Becausehedied.JamesG.Croswellwasthenextheaduntilhediedin1915.Elevenyearslater,theschoolhaditsfirstfemalehead.Sincethen,Brearleyhasbeenledbywomenheads.M:Wowyoureallyknowthehistoryofyourschoolwell.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】10.Whatwillthespeakersdotomorrowafternoon?A.Takealongcitytour.B.VisittheBigWildGoosePagoda.C.VisittheShaanxiHistoryMuseum.11.WhatwillthespeakersdoontheirarrivalinShanghai?A.Callataxi. B.Meetaguide. C.Bookahotelroom.12.Wherearemostprobablythespeakersnow?A.Atahotel. B.Onaplane. C.Atanairport【答案】10.B11.B12.A【解析】【原文】W:Whatarewegoingtodotomorrow?M:Well,aftereatingbreakfastandcheckingoutofthehoteltomorrowmorning,thetourguidewilltakeustotheShaanxiHistoryMuseum.Therewe’llenjoyover370,000relicsofChinesehistory.W:Whatwillwedoduringthelatterhalfoftheday?M:We’llvisittheBigWildGoosePagodaIt’soneofthetwofamousBuddhistpagodasinXi’an.WecanexplorethepagodaandexperiencethecultureofXi’an.Wecanalsoenjoyawalkthroughthetempleandgardens.W:SowhenwillweleaveforShanghai?M:Aftersupper.We’llarriveinShanghaiatabout10:00pm.Ourlocalguidewillmeetusattheairportandtakeustoourhotel.He’llgiveusabriefintroductiontoShanghaiontheway.W:Good.M:It’sprettylate.Wehavetogetupearlytomorrowforthetour.Let’swashupandgotobednow.聽下面一段較長對(duì)話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】13.Wheredidthemanreadabouttheeffort?A.Inanewspaper. B.Inamagazine. C.OntheInternet.14.Whatgoaldoesthegroupwanttoachieve?A.Takingtrashoutoftheocean.B.Stoppingtrashgoingintoariver.C.Raisingmoneyforpollutioncontrol.15.Whatmainlycausessomuchtrash?A.ThelongrainyseasonB.Toomuchfoodwaste.C.Theapplicationofmanysteelscreens.16.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheeffort?A.Costly. B.Great. C.Inconvenient.【答案】13.C14.B15.A16.B【解析】【原文】W:Whatareyoudoingonyourcomputer?M:I’mreadingsomenews.Ilovereadingonlinenews.W:Sowhathaveyoujustread?M:Somenewsaboutagroup’sefforttocleantheLasVacasRivernearGuatemalaCity.W:Soundsinteresting.Couldyoutellmemoreaboutit?M:Anon-profitgroupnamedTheOceanCleanuphassetupasteelscreenoneachsideoftherivertopreventtrashfromenteringtheriverW:Isithelpful?M:Yes.Thedevicehascaughtsomuchtrashthatonepartofitlooksbent.W:That’samazing.Whyistheresomuchtrash?M:Theremighthavebeenlesstrashenteringtheriveralthoughmoreandmoreplasticproductsarebeingusedinourdailylife.ButwhentherainyseasonbeginsinMayandlastsseveralmonths,levelsofpollutionintheriverincreaseandthetrashflowsfartherandfaster.W:Well,Idothinkit’sagoodwaytohelpriversstayclean.It’sconvenienttouseandit‘snotcostly.M:Iagree.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】17.HowoftendoestheYouthoftheYearprogramtakeplace?A.Onceayear. B.Twiceayear. C.Onceeveryotheryear.18.WhyistheYouthoftheImpactAwardarranged?A.Towelcomenewmemberstoaclub.B.Topraisethemosttalentedhighschoolstudents.C.Todisplayinspiringmembers’excellentleadershipskills.19.Whenwilltheeventend?A.Atabout5:30pm. B.Atabout6:30pm. C.Atabout7:30pm.20.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Callingforsupport.B.Advertisinganevent.C.Introducinganorganization.i1mo【答案】17.A18.C19.C20.B【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning,everyone.OurannualYouthoftheYearprogramengagesourhighschoolmembersinaleadershipeducationcourse.Attheendofeachyear’scourseanawardcalledtheYouthoftheImpactAwardisarranged.Ithonorsandhighlightsourmostinspiringyoungpeopleonthepathtogreatfutures,encouragingthemtogivefullplaytotheirleadershipskills.The2023YouthoftheImpactAwardEventisdrawingnear.ItwillbeheldattheBrix,260S.WashingtonSt,Carpentersville,IL60110onJuly24,2023.Itisaneveningnottobemissed.Attheevent,ourexcellentmembers’accomplishmentsandfuturegoalswillbeshownandyoucanmeetnewpeopleandenjoydeliciousfood.You’llalsoseethewinnersofthisyear.Thefinalwinnerwillreceivea$5,000collegeschol-arship,thememberwinningsecondplacewillreceive$2,500,andtheonewinningthirdplacewillreceive$1,000.Theeventwillbeginat5:30pmandlastforabouttwohours.Wewillbewaitingforyourshowingup.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AYou’veprobablytriedeasycenter-cityBeijingridesifyouenjoyriding.Nowit’stimetolevelupyourridessotheywilltakeyououtintothecountrysideandattractivemountains.DeathValleyApproximatedistance:100kmloop(環(huán)線)ItmaysoundterrifyingbutBeijing’scyclistsnamedthisnorthernroute“DeathValley”becauseofthehugetombitpasses,notthenumberofon-roadaccidentsithasseen.Inreality,it’stheclosest,mostlycar-freelooptothecitycenterandgreatforreallystretchingyourlegs.Tuesday/ThursdayTTTApproximatedistance:54kmloopWhileit’snotparticularlyscenic,therearefewtrafficlights,andtheroadsarenottoobusyandhaveadequatebikelanesoneachside,makingitarelativelytrouble-freeride.Ifyou’dliketoridewithgroup,seekoutearlymorningBeijingridergroupsandjointhemonTuesdayandThursdaymorningsat5amor6amdependingontheseason.TheVerseApproximatedistance:120kmloopItpassesacafewithgood(althoughexpensive)foodandevenhigh-endaccommodation,butthebestpartistheirsuperwelcomingattitudetowardscyclists.It’sahikethatiswellworththeeffort,asyouarerewardedwithamazingviewsoftheGreatWalluponarrivalandaridebackthatismostlydownhill.TongzhouGrandCanalForestParkApproximatedistance:70kmloopThisparkistheclosestplaceforriderstoenjoytheGrandCanalfromBeijing.TheGrandCanalisatruewonderinChina,andoneofthegreatestcivilengineeringprojectsinhistory.Theoldestpartsofitdatebacktothe5thcenturyB.C.Itwillbeafunridehere.21.HowdoestherouteDeathValleygetitsname?A.Itoffersdeadlyloopsforcars. B.Itislocatedinanisolatedplace.C.Itinvolvespassingalargetomb. D.Itwitnessesnumerousaccidentsforcyclists.22.Whichofthefollowingcoverstheshortestdistance?A.DeathValley. B.Tuesday/ThursdayTTT.C.TheVerse. D.TongzhouGrandCanalForestPark:23.Whatdothelasttworouteshaveincommon?A.Thereareon-roadaccidents. B.Therearesomecafes.C.Theyhaveadequatebikelanes. D.Theyhavehistoricalsites.【答案】21.C22.B23.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾條可以帶你進(jìn)入鄉(xiāng)村和迷人山區(qū)的騎行路線?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DeathValley部分的“ItmaysoundterrifyingbutBeijing’scyclistsnamedthisnorthernroute“DeathValley”becauseofthehugetombitpasses,notthenumberofon-roadaccidentsithasseen.(這聽起來可能很可怕，但北京的騎行者將這條北線命名為“死亡谷”，因?yàn)樗?jīng)過的是巨大的墳?zāi)?，而不是道路上發(fā)生的交通事故的數(shù)量。)”可知，之所以這樣命名是因?yàn)檫@條路線會(huì)經(jīng)過巨大的墳?zāi)?。故選C?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DeathValley部分的“Approximatedistance:100kmloop(環(huán)線)(大約距離：100公里環(huán)線)”；Tuesday/ThursdayTTT部分的“Approximatedistance:54kmloop(大約距離：54公里環(huán)線)”；TheVerse部分的“Approximatedistance:120kmloop(大約距離：120公里環(huán)線)”；TongzhouGrandCanalForestPark部分的“Approximatedistance:70kmloop(大約距離：70公里環(huán)線)”可知，路線最短的應(yīng)該是Tuesday/ThursdayTTT，只有54公里環(huán)線。故選B。【23題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheVerse部分的“It’sahikethatiswellworththeeffort,asyouarerewardedwithamazingviewsoftheGreatWalluponarrivalandaridebackthatismostlydownhill.(這是一次非常值得的徒步旅行，因?yàn)槟愕竭_(dá)時(shí)可以看到長城的壯麗景色，而回程則主要是下坡。)”可知，這條路線可以看見長城的壯麗景色，根據(jù)TongzhouGrandCanalForestPark部分的“ThisparkistheclosestplaceforriderstoenjoytheGrandCanalfromBeijing.TheGrandCanalisatruewonderinChina,andoneofthegreatestcivilengineeringprojectsinhistory.(這個(gè)公園是從北京來的騎手們觀賞大運(yùn)河最近的地方。大運(yùn)河是中國真正的奇跡，也是歷史上最偉大的土木工程之一。)”可知，這條路線可以看到大運(yùn)河，由此可知，這兩條路線都可以看到歷史遺跡。故選D。BAngelaGuzmanwasborninBogotd,Colombia.Attheageof8shemovedtoatinyislandinSouthFlorida.Thecontrastwasprettyvast.Shedidn’tspeakanyEnglish,soshemetwithlotsofchallenges.Atschool,shewouldgetstuckbecauseshecouldn’tunderstandorbeunderstood.Shethought“Well,everyoneunderstandsapicture!Whydon’tIstartdrawingtocommunicate?”Thatwaswhatshedid.Shetriedhardtocreatepicturestoshowhermeaningsexactly,andthenshebecameknownastheartistintheclassroom,fromthirdgradethroughherwholeyearsofsecondaryschooling.Latershechosetostudydesignincollege.WhenAngelabeganherworkinabigcompany,shewastaskedwithdesigningemojis—thecompany’sveryfirst.Atfirst,sheintendedtorefusethetaskbecauseshehadnoideawhatthewordmeantandwhatemojiswouldbeusedfor.Hermentor(導(dǎo)師)saidthattheemojiwasanicon(圖標(biāo)),animage,oratypeofillustration,sharingjoy,surprise,anger,fear,sorrow,loveandsoon.Angelathenbegantostudymicro-expressionsofhumansandsimplifyorexaggerate(夸大)theminanillustrativemanner.Forexample,theeyebrowsmakeaVinangerandanupsidedownVinsurprise.Whenshedesignedobjectemojis,sheoftenturnedtoreal-lifeitems.Shewenttothepartysupplystore,buyingpartypoppers(派對(duì)煙花)towatchhowthecolorfulpaperpiecescameout,andhowlightreflectedoffthem.Theywerehardtocapture,butAngelatriedtomakeit.Later,thetinyiconsAngelaandhermentorcreatedwerebornandsoonusedbymillionsofpeople.WhenpeoplepraisedAngelaforheremojidesign,shereplied,“Actually,it’sanexperiencethatteachesmealot.Onemajorthingisempathy(同理心)forcommunitiesworldwide.Ipaycloseattentiontothesymbolismofcolorandtheculturalsymbolismoverall.Ithinktheculturalquestionsareimportant.Forexample,howdowemakesurethateveryculture,everyaccent,oreverypersonthatspeakstothesedevicesfeelsincluded?ThatwassomethingIstruggledwithearlyon.Thiskindofthinkingallowedmymindtobeinclusiveandmindfulofeveryonewhowouldusetheproduct.”24.WhatcanwelearnaboutAngela’schildhood?A.Shehadahiddentalentforlanguage.B.Shewasgoodatcommunicatingthroughdrawing.C.Sheoftenheldviewsdifferentfromherclassmates,D.Shewasalwaysonthemovewithherfamily.25.HowdidAngelagetinspirationforheremojidesign?A.Bydivingintoreallife.B.Byreferringtosomepopularemojis.C.Bygainingrelatedknowledgeofemojis.D.Byseekinghelpfromexperiencedpeople.26.WhatmainlyledtoAngela’ssuccessaccordingtoParagraph4?A.Hermentorguidedherineverydetail.B.Herdesignwasinclusiveofvariedcultures.C.Sheintroducedcolorelementstoherworks.D.Shehadathoughtfulattitudetowardsthepoor.27.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhatInfluenceaMentorHasonaGirlB.HowaHumorousGirlAchievesSuccessC.HowaGirlDevelopsintoanEmojiDesignerD.WhatContributestotheInventionofEmojis【答案】24.B25.A26.B27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了AngelaGuzman努力創(chuàng)作圖標(biāo)，最終成功設(shè)計(jì)出表情符號(hào)的歷程。【24題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Shethought“Well,everyoneunderstandsapicture!Whydon’tIstartdrawingtocommunicate?”Thatwaswhatshedid.Shetriedhardtocreatepicturestoshowhermeaningsexactly,andthenshebecameknownastheartistintheclassroom,fromthirdgradethroughherwholeyearsofsecondaryschooling.(她想，‘好吧，每個(gè)人都能理解一幅畫!為什么我不開始畫畫來交流呢?’她就是這么做的。她努力創(chuàng)作圖片來準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)自己的意思，然后從三年級(jí)到中學(xué)，在課堂上她被稱為藝術(shù)家。)可知，童年時(shí)期，她善于通過繪畫進(jìn)行交流。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Whenshedesignedobjectemojis,sheoftenturnedtoreal-lifeitems.Shewenttothepartysupplystore,buyingpartypoppers(派對(duì)煙花)towatchhowthecolorfulpaperpiecescameout,andhowlightreflectedoffthem.Theywerehardtocapture,butAngelatriedtomakeit.(當(dāng)她設(shè)計(jì)物體表情符號(hào)時(shí)，她經(jīng)常轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的物品。她去了派對(duì)用品店，買了派對(duì)煙花來觀察五顏六色的紙片是如何出來的，以及它們反射的光線是如何的。它們很難捕捉到，但Angela努力做到了。)”可知，Angela設(shè)計(jì)表情符號(hào)的靈感來自深入研究現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的物品。故選A。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Onemajorthingisempathy(同理心)forcommunitiesworldwide.Ipaycloseattentiontothesymbolismofcolorandtheculturalsymbolismoverall.Ithinktheculturalquestionsareimportant.Forexample,howdowemakesurethateveryculture,everyaccent,oreverypersonthatspeakstothesedevicesfeelsincluded?ThatwassomethingIstruggledwithearlyon.Thiskindofthinkingallowedmymindtobeinclusiveandmindfulofeveryonewhowouldusetheproduct.(一件重要的事情是世界各地社區(qū)的共鳴。我非常關(guān)注色彩的象征主義和整體的文化象征主義。例如，我們?nèi)绾未_保每種文化、每種口音或每個(gè)對(duì)這些設(shè)備說話的人都感覺被包括在內(nèi)？這是我一開始就糾結(jié)的問題。這種思維方式讓我的思想具有包容性，并考慮到使用該產(chǎn)品的每個(gè)人。)”可知，Angela成功的主要原因是，她的設(shè)計(jì)包含了不同的文化。故選B?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“WhenAngelabeganherworkinabigcompany,shewastaskedwithdesigningemojis—thecompany’sveryfirst.(當(dāng)Angela開始在一家大公司工作時(shí)，她的任務(wù)是設(shè)計(jì)表情符號(hào)——公司的第一個(gè)。)”和第二段的“Angelathenbegantostudymicro-expressionsofhumansandsimplifyorexaggerate(夸大)theminanillustrativemanner.(Angela隨后開始研究人類的微表情，并以一種說明性的方式簡(jiǎn)化或夸大它們。)”以及最后一段“Later,thetinyiconsAngelaandhermentorcreatedwerebornandsoonusedbymillionsofpeople.(后來，Angela和她的導(dǎo)師創(chuàng)造的小圖標(biāo)誕生了，并很快被數(shù)百萬人使用。)”可知，文章主要講述了AngelaGuzman努力創(chuàng)作圖標(biāo)，最終成功設(shè)計(jì)出表情符號(hào)的歷程，因此推斷C項(xiàng)“一個(gè)女孩是如何成長為表情符號(hào)設(shè)計(jì)師的”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。CMostpeopleoftenlistentomusicnearbedtimetorelax.Butcanthatactuallycauseyoursleeptosuffer?WhensleepresearcherMichaelScullinrealizedthathewaswakinginthemiddleofthenightwithasongstuckinhishead,hesawanopportunity.Hedecidedtostudyararely-exploredmechanism(機(jī)制):howmusic—andparticularlysongsstuckinone’shead—mightaffectsleeppatterns.Scullinsaid,“Everyoneknowsthatmusiclisteningfeelsgood.Youngadultsroutinelylistentomusicnearbedtime.Thus,theyareeasytoexperience‘earworms’—involuntarymusicalimagery.It’saconditionwhereasongortunewillreplayoverandoverinourmind,andourbrainscontinuetoprocessmusicevenwhennoneisplaying,includingapparentlywhileweareasleep.”Scullin’srecentstudyincludedasurveyandalaboratoryexperiment.Thesurveyinvolved209participantswhocompletedaseriesofsurveysonsleepquality,musiclisteninghabitsandearwormfrequency.Inthe50-participantexperimentalstudy,theresearchteamplayedthreepopularandcatchysongsbeforebedtime.Theyrandomlyassignedparticipantstolistentotheoriginalversionsofthosesongsortheinstrumentalversionsofthesongs.Andthentheyusedpolysomnography(PSG)—acomprehensivetestofsleep—torecordtheparticipants’brainwaves,heartrates,breathingandmorewhiletheyweresleeping.Thestudyshowedthatpeoplewhoexperienceearwormsregularlyatnightaresixtimesaslikelytohavepoorsleepqualityaspeoplewhorarelyexperienceearworms.“Almosteveryonethoughtmusicimprovessleepbutwehavefoundthatthosewholistentomoremusicsleepworse”Scullinsaid.“What’sreallysurprisingisthatinstrumentalmusicleadstoworsesleepquality,includinggreaterdifficultyfallingasleep,morenighttimeawakenings,andmoretimeinlightstagesofsleep.Andinstrumentalmusicleadstoabouttwiceasmanyearworms.”Togetridofanearworm,engagingincognitive(認(rèn)知的)activity—fullyfocusingonatask,helpstodistractyourbrainfromearwormsifyoudon’twanttototallyquityourmusichobbies(listeningtolessmusicbeforebedisstillencouraged).Apreviousstudyfoundthatparticipantswhospentfiveminuteswritingdownupcomingtasksbeforebedsleptbetter.28.What’sthefocusofScullin’sstudy?A.Thecharacteristicsoffinemusic.B.Thecategoriesofpeople’ssleeppatterns.C.Therelationshipbetweenmusiclisteningandsleep.D.Thedevelopmentofthemusicaleducationmechanism.29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribethe“earworm”phenomenon?A.Peoplegetstuckinthementalimageryofmusicalrepetition.B.Peopleareparticularlyfondofapieceofmusicortune.C.Peopletendtosingasongwithoutrealizingit.D.Peoplerelyoncertainmusictofallasleep.30.Whatweretheparticipantsaskedtododuringthestudy?A.Listentothesameversionsofthesongs.B.Picktheirfavoritesongsbeforebedtime.C.UsethePSGmethodtoimprovesleepquality.D.Offersomepersonalinformationandtakeasleeptest.31.WhichviewwouldScullinprobablyagreeon?A.Earwormsufferersareusuallysoundsleepers.B.Earwormsarenotrelatedtobringingaboutsleeplessness.C.Peopleshouldlistentomoregentlemusicbeforesleep.D.Peopleshouldtrytoavoidinstrumentalmusicnearbedtime.【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，邁克爾·斯卡林進(jìn)行的關(guān)于睡前音樂與睡眠質(zhì)量關(guān)系的研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)睡前音樂會(huì)嚴(yán)重影響人們的睡眠質(zhì)量?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Hedecidedtostudyararely-exploredmechanism(機(jī)制):howmusic—andparticularlysongsstuckinone’shead—mightaffectsleeppatterns.(他決定研究一個(gè)很少被探索的機(jī)制：音樂——尤其是縈繞在腦海中的歌曲——如何影響睡眠模式)”可知，斯庫林的研究重點(diǎn)是聽音樂和睡眠之間的關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Thus,theyareeasytoexperience‘earworms’—involuntarymusicalimagery.It’saconditionwhereasongortunewillreplayoverandoverinourmind,andourbrainscontinuetoprocessmusicevenwhennoneisplaying,includingapparentlywhileweareasleep.(因此，他們很容易體驗(yàn)到‘耳蟲’——一種非自愿的音樂意象。在這種情況下，一首歌或一首曲子會(huì)在我們的腦海中一遍又一遍地回放，即使沒有音樂播放，我們的大腦也會(huì)繼續(xù)處理音樂，包括在我們睡覺的時(shí)候)”可知，“人們陷入了音樂重復(fù)的心理意象中”最能描述“耳蟲”現(xiàn)象。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“Thesurveyinvolved209participantswhocompletedaseriesofsurveysonsleepquality,musiclisteninghabitsandearwormfrequency.(這項(xiàng)調(diào)查涉及209名參與者，他們完成了一系列關(guān)于睡眠質(zhì)量、聽音樂習(xí)慣和耳蟲頻率的調(diào)查)”和“Andthentheyusedpolysomnography(PSG)—acomprehensivetestofsleep—torecordtheparticipants’brainwaves,heartrates,breathingandmorewhiletheyweresleeping.(然后，他們使用多導(dǎo)睡眠圖（PSG）——一種全面的睡眠測(cè)試——記錄參與者在睡覺時(shí)的腦電波、心率、呼吸等)”可知，研究期間，參與者被要求提供一些個(gè)人信息并進(jìn)行睡眠測(cè)試。故選D項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。由最后一段中的“Togetridofanearworm,engagingincognitive(認(rèn)知的)activity—fullyfocusingonatask,helpstodistractyourbrainfromearwormsifyoudon’twanttototallyquityourmusichobbies(listeningtolessmusicbeforebedisstillencouraged).(如果你不想完全放棄音樂愛好（仍然鼓勵(lì)睡前少聽音樂），那么為了擺脫耳蟲，進(jìn)行認(rèn)知活動(dòng)——完全專注于一項(xiàng)任務(wù)——有助于分散你的大腦對(duì)耳蟲的注意力)”可知，斯庫林建議睡前少聽音樂，進(jìn)行認(rèn)知活動(dòng)，完全專注于一項(xiàng)任務(wù)，分散你的大腦對(duì)耳蟲的注意力，可得出他會(huì)同意“人們應(yīng)該盡量避免在睡前聽器樂”。故選D項(xiàng)。DGossip(八卦)haslongbeenconsideredbadforourmentalwell-being,butit’sreallynot.DuringtheMiddleAges,thewordgossipevolvedtodescribewomenwhosupportedotherwomenduringchildbirth.Overtimeandafteranumberofspellingchanges,thetermgossiptookonthemeaningofafamiliarperson,afriend,and“anyoneengaginginidletalk(閑聊)”.TherewasnoderogatorymeaningattachedtogossipuntilaroundthetimeoftheEuropeanwitchhunts(獵巫運(yùn)動(dòng))inthe16thto18thcenturies.Atthattime,gossipwasconsideredatoolforwitchestodosomethingevil.Thus,gossip’sbadreputationbegan.Atthesametime,whatwasridiculousandhardtounderstandwasthatgossipasmen’stalkspreadthroughoutthe17thand18thcenturiesinEnglishcoffeehouses.Thelearnedmenandtheirmalestudents(thereislittleevidenceofwomenincoffeehouses,unlessasservants)wenttheretodemonstratetheirintellectualtalents.However,themyththatwomengossipbutmenhaveseriousconversationswasbornthen.Today,gossipywomenareover-representedinpopularimagesofgossip,butresearchshowsthatmenandwomenengageinthesameamountofgossipingactivity.Newresearchalsodamagestheimpressionthatgossipisinconsiderableordangerouswomen’stalk.Wheninterviewedabouttheirexperienceofgossipatwork,menoftenbeginbysaying“I’mnotonetogossip,but…”,andthengoonatlengthtogossip.Theymaypreferindirectphrasesforgossip,suchas“shoptalk”and“corridorconversations”.Ratherthanasking“What’sthegossip?”onyourreturnfromholiday,menaremorelikelytoask“What’sbeengoingon?”.Suchexpressionsmaysoftentheshameassociatedwithbeinggossipymen.Similarly,wordsoftenusedtodescribepeoplewhogossipare“goodlisteners”and“peoplewithgoodcommunicationskills”.Thereisalotofmaterialadvisinggossiptoberemovedintheworkplace.Popularideasofgossipoveremphasizethenegativejudgementmadeingossip,butitcanbeassociatedwithcompassion,empathyandnoticingsuffering.Itdoesnotmeanthatallgossipisgood.Therearetimeswhengossipcandoharmtothereputationofpeopleandorganizations.Thedecisiontogossipornotisalwaysadecisionrelatedtosomeone’svirtue.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“derogatory”inParagraph2probablymean?A.True. B.Original. C.Negative. D.Exact.33.WhatdoestheauthormainlyintendtotellusthroughtheexamplesinParagraph3?A.Gossipisverypopularamongmales.B.Menareoftenshyinsocialactivities.C.Gossipcanbeconveyedindifferentforms.D.Menlikemakingfriendswithgossipypeople.34.Whichofthefollowingcanbestshowtheauthor’sideaaboutgossiping?A.Itisadouble-edgedsword.B.Itshouldberemovedintheworkplace.C.Itssupportersusuallyhaveabadcharacter.D.Itsdisadvantagesoutweighitsadvantages.35.What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Tosharethestrengthsofgossip.B.Toremindpeopletoavoidgossiping.C.Toillustratetheoriginofthetermgossip.D.Tocorrectpeople’smisunderstandingofgossip.【答案】32.C33.A34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了長期以來，八卦一直被認(rèn)為對(duì)我們的精神健康有害，但事實(shí)并非如此。【32題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“Overtimeandafteranumberofspellingchanges,thetermgossiptookonthemeaningofafamiliarperson,afriend,and“anyoneengaginginidletalk(閑聊)”.(“gossip”一詞的意思就變成了一個(gè)熟悉的人、一個(gè)朋友，以及“任何閑聊的人”。)”下文“Atthattime,gossipwasconsideredatoolforwitchestodosomethingevil.Thus,gossip’sbadreputationbegan.(在那個(gè)時(shí)候，八卦被認(rèn)為是女巫做壞事的工具。因此，八卦的壞名聲開始了。)”可知，直到16至18世紀(jì)歐洲的獵巫運(yùn)動(dòng)之前，八卦并沒有貶義。由此可知，derogatory意為“貶義的”，與negative意思接近。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Newresearchalsodamagestheimpressionthatgossipisinconsiderableordangerouswomen’stalk.Wheninterviewedabouttheirexperienceofgossipatwork,menoftenbeginbysaying“I’mnotonetogossip,but…”,andthengoonatlengthtogossip.(新的研究也打破了人們認(rèn)為八卦是無足輕重或危險(xiǎn)的女性話題的印象。當(dāng)被問及他們?cè)诠ぷ髦邪素缘慕?jīng)歷時(shí)，男性通常會(huì)先說“我不是一個(gè)喜歡八卦的人，但是……”，然后就開始長話短說。)”可知，第三段的例子主要是為了說明八卦在男性中很流行。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Popularideasofgossipoveremphasizethenegativejudgementmadeingossip,butitcanbeassociatedwithcompassion,empathyandnoticingsuffering.Itdoesnotmeanthatallgossipisgood.Therearetimeswhengossipcandoharmtothereputationofpeopleandorganizations.Thedecisiontogossipornotisalwaysadecisionrelatedtosomeone’svirtue.(流行的八卦觀念過分強(qiáng)調(diào)了對(duì)八卦的負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)，但它可以與同情、同理心和注意痛苦聯(lián)系在一起。這并不意味著所有的八卦都是好的。有時(shí)候八卦會(huì)損害個(gè)人和組織的聲譽(yù)。是否八卦的決定總是與某人的美德有關(guān)。)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為八卦既有好的一面也有不好的一面，由此可知，作者認(rèn)為八卦是把雙刃劍。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Gossiphaslongbeenconsideredbadforourmentalwell-being,butit’sreallynot.(長期以來，八卦一直被認(rèn)為對(duì)我們的精神健康有害，但事實(shí)并非如此。)”可知，作者的寫作目的是為了糾正人們對(duì)八卦的誤解。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余項(xiàng)。Iftheideaofgoingtotheofficepartymakesyouworriedoryou’reinastressedstateaboutsimilarget-togethers,you’renotalone.___36___It’spartofournaturethatwe’reconcernedaboutthingslikereputationandstatus.Therearesomepsychologyfindingsthatyoumightfindcomforting.Here’sastudythatledpsychologiststoproposesomethingcalledthe“spotlighteffect”.Itisthephenomenonthatwetendtothinkpeoplearepayingmoreattentiontousthantheyreallyare.___37___Thenresearchersestimatedhowmanypeoplein