2022屆遼寧省丹東市高三上學(xué)期期末教學(xué)質(zhì)量監(jiān)測英語試題注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。本試卷分四部分，卷面分?jǐn)?shù)150分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘，聽力不計(jì)入總分。第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15B.￡9.15C.￡9.18答案是B。1.Whatdothespeakersneedtobuy?A.Afridge.B.Adinnertable.C.Afewchairs.2.Wherearethespeakers?A.Inarestaurant.B.Inahotel.C.Inaschool.3.Whatdoesthewomanmean?A.Cathywillbeattheparty.B.Cathyistoobusytocome.C.Cathyisgoingtobeinvited.4.Whydoesthewomanplantogototown?A.Topayherbillsinthebank.B.Tobuybooksinabookstore.C.Togetsomemoneyfromthebank.5.Whatisthewomantryingtodo?A.Finishsomewriting.B.Printanarticle.C.Findanewspaper.第二節(jié)（共15小題，每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，每個(gè)小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatisthemandoing?A.Changingseatsontheplane.B.Askingforawindowseat.C.Tryingtofindhisseat.7.Whatisthewomanseatnumber?A.6A.B.7A.C.8A.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whydoesn'tthewomantakethegreenT-shirt?A.It'stoosmall.B.It'stoodark.C.It'stooexpensive.9.Whatdoesthewomanbuyintheend?A.AyellowT-shirt.B.AblueT-shirt.C.ApinkT-shirt.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.HowlonghasthemanbeeninLondon?A.Oneyear.B.Afewyears.C.Acoupleofmonths.11.Whydidthewomanleaveherhometown?A.Toleadacitylife.B.Toopenarestaurant.C.Tofindajob.12.Wheredidthewomancomefrom?A.London.B.Arnside.C.Lancaster.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatisadaypack?A.Abox.B.Abag.C.Alock.14.Whatsurprisesthegirlatschool?A.Alotofdiscussionsinclass.B.Teachersgivinglittlehomework.C.Fewstudentsaskingquestionsinclass.15.Atwhattimeoftheschooltermdoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?A.Attheendofit.B.Inthemiddleofit.C.Atthebeginningofit.16.Whatdoweknowaboutthegirl?A.Sheisnewtotheschool.B.Shewritesfortheschoolnewspaper.C.Sheseldomasksquestionsinclass.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.WhatdoesMrHenryStonedo?A.Abankclerk.B.Ateacher.C.Awriter.18.WhatdoesHenrylikedoingatairports?A.Watchingpeople.B.Tellingstories.C.Readingmagazines.19.WhatdidHenrylearnfromthenewspaperthatday?A.Avaluablesuitcasewasmissing.B.Amanstolemoneyfromabank.C.Awomanranawayfromhome.20.Whywasthewomanattheairport?A.Shewastravelingonbusiness.B.Shewasseeingthemanoff.C.ShewasleavingforGreece.第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWarwickSummerSchoolJoinusforourWarwickSummerSchool,Sunday17July-Saturday6August2022.TheUniversityofWarwickSummerSchool（WSS）hasbeenrunningsince2014andwe'redelightedtobebackfor2022!WhyApply?Ourthree-weekSummerSchoolprovidesauniquecombinationoflearninganddebatingwithfamousacademicsandhigh-profileguestspeakers,livingalongsideyourpeersonourbeautifulWarwickcampusandenjoyingafunandengagingsocialandculturalprogrammeintheheartofEngland.TherearemanyexcellentreasonstoapplyfortheWarwickSummerSchoolincludingthefactthatWarwickisatoptenRussellGroupUniversityandover98%ofourSummerSchoolAlumnirecommendtheprogramme.TheUniversityofWarwickisaworldleadingRussellGroupUniversitywidelyrecognizedasaworldleaderinresearchandeducationranked6thintheUK（TheGuardian2022LeagueTable）.OurexcitingSummerSchoolenablesstudentstobenefitfromexcellentteachingandacademicexpertise.Courses.Studentscanapplytostudyonecourseforthreeweeks-ourvarietyofexcitingcourseoptionsincludeEconomics,EnglishLanguage,Psychology,DataScience,Business,Leadershipandmore.Toapplyforanyofourcoursesonoffer,youmustbeaged18+andhaveagoodunderstandingoftheEnglishlanguage.TheExperience.FindoutwhatyoucanexpectfromourWarwickSummerSchoolbyseeingwhatpreviousstudentshaveexperiencedincludingguestlecturesfromNobelPrizewinners,excitingtrips&top-qualityteaching.Alongsideourprogrammeofexcellentguestspeakers,anunforgettablesocialprogrammeisavailabletostudentswhowishtoparticipate.Excitingactivitiesandday-tripsallowyoutoexperienceBritishcultureandindependentlyexploretheUKthroughoutthethree-weekprogramme.In2019wewelcomed361studentsfrom46differentcountriestoourSummerSchool;ourparticipantsareself-selected,intellectuallycuriousandself-drivenwhichcreatesafascinatingmulticulturallearningenvironment.1.WhatisanadvantageoftheWarwickSummerSchool?A.Ithasahistoryofmorethantenyears.B.Studentscanenjoyanattractivesocialandculturalprogramme.C.ThecoursesintheSummerSchoollastlongerthanonemonth.D.Itprovidesacombinationoflearningandteachingwithprofessors.2.WhatcanwelearnaboutthecoursesintheWarwickSummerSchool?A.Avarietyofcoursescanbechoseninonetime.B.Noagelimitisnecessaryforstudentstochoosethecourses.C.Onlyscienceandtechnologycoursescanbeappliedfor.D.AgoodcommandoftheEnglishlanguageisrequired.3.WhatexperiencearestudentsexpectedtogetfromtheWarwickSummerSchool?A.Tohavepeersfromdifferentcultures. B.ToexploretheUKonlyingroups.C.Tobeintellectuallycuriousabouttheenvironment. D.ToenjoyeverydaytripsintheBritishcountryside.【答案】1.B2.D3.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，是WarwickSummerSchool的招生廣告?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)WhyApply?部分的“Ourthree-weekSummerSchoolprovidesauniquecombinationoflearninganddebatingwithfamousacademicsandhigh-profileguestspeakers,livingalongsideyourpeersonourbeautifulWarwickcampusandenjoyingafunandengagingsocialandculturalprogrammeintheheartofEngland.（我們?yōu)槠谌艿氖钇趯W(xué)校提供了與著名學(xué)者和知名演講嘉賓的獨(dú)特的學(xué)習(xí)和辯論，與您的同齡人一起生活在我們美麗的Warwick校園，在英國的心臟享受有趣和迷人的社會(huì)和文化課程。）”可知，WarwickSummerSchool的一個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)是學(xué)生可以享受到吸引人的社會(huì)和文化課程。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Courses部分的“Toapplyforanyofourcoursesonoffer,youmustbeaged18+andhaveagoodunderstandingoftheEnglishlanguage.（要申請我們提供的任何課程，你必須年滿18歲，并具有良好的英語語言理解能力。）”可知，要讀WarwickSummerSchool的課程，良好的英語能力是必要的。故選D。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“In2019wewelcomed361studentsfrom46differentcountriestoourSummerSchool;ourparticipantsareself-selected,intellectuallycuriousandself-drivenwhichcreatesafascinatingmulticulturallearningenvironment.（2019年，我們迎來了來自46個(gè)國家的361名學(xué)生來到我們的暑期學(xué)校;我們的參與者都是自我選擇的，求知欲強(qiáng)，自覺性強(qiáng)，這創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)迷人的多元文化學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境。）”可知，學(xué)生們可以從WarwickSummerSchool得到的體驗(yàn)是有來自不同文化背景的同齡人，故選A。B"Christmaswon'tbeChristmaswithoutanypresents,"saidJodisappointedly."It'ssoawfultobepoor!"agreedMeg,lookingatherolddress."It'snotrightforsomegirlstohaveprettythings,andotherstohavenothingatall,"saidlittleAmy."We'vegotFatherandMother,andeachother,"saidBethgently.Thefouryoungfacesroundthefirecheeredupastheythoughtofthis,butthenJosaidsadly,"Wehaven'tgotFather,andwewon'thavehimforalongtime."Shedidn'tsay"perhapsnever",buteachsilentlythoughtit,rememberingthathewasawayatthewarintheSouth.ThenMegsaid,"Mothersaysweshouldn'tspendmoneyonpresentswhenourmenarefightingawar.""Wecan'texpectanythingfromMotheroreachother,"saidJo,"butweonlyhaveadollareach.Let'seachbuyourselveswhatwewantandhavealittlefun.Weworkhardtoearnit.""Ido,teachingthoseawfulchildren,"saidMeg."Whataboutme?"saidJo."I'mshutupalldayworkingforaterribleoldlady,whogivesmedifferentorderseveryfiveseconds!""Ithinkwashingcupsandplatesandkeepingthingstidyistheworstworkintheworld,"saidBeth."Myhandsgettootiredtoplaymymusic.""Ihavetogotoschoolwithgirlswholaughatmydressesandsaycruelthingsbecausemyfatherisn'trich,"saidAmy.Megwassixteenandverypretty,withlargeeyesandsoftbrownhair,andwhitehands.Fifteen-year-oldJowasverytallandthin.Bethwasthirteen,averyshygirlwhoseemedtoliveinahappyworldofherown.Amywastheyoungestbutthoughtherselftobethemostimportant.Atsixo'clock,BethputapairofslippersbythefiretowarmandMeglitthelamp.“Theseareold,"Josaid."Motherneedsanewpair.”“I'llgethersome,"saidBeth."No,Ishall!"criedAmy."I'mtheoldest!"beganMeg.“I'mthemanofthefamilynow.Fatherisaway,andIshallbuythem,"saidJo."Let'seachgethersomethingandnotgetanythingforourselves,"saidBeth."That'sakindidea!"saidJo.4.Whywerethegirlsunhappyatthebeginningofthestory?A.Theycouldn'thavedecentpresents. B.Theyhadtoworkhardtomakemoney.C.TheirfatherhadjustdiedintheSouth. D.Theirmotherabandonedthemforthewar.5.Whatcanweknowaboutthegirlsaccordingtotheirowndescriptions?A.Jowasgettingwellwiththeoldlady. B.Megenjoyedbeingaschoolteacher.C.Bethpreferredplayingmusictowashing. D.Amydidn'tcareaboutherappearance.6.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJo?A.Tolerantandcurious. B.Selflessandresponsible.C.Sensitiveandhumorous. D.meanandunconcerned.7Whatmaythegirlsdecidetodointheendofthispart?A.Theymayquittheirjobsoastosupportthefamily.B.Theymayusetheirmoneytobuythemselvesfavoritepresents.C.Theymayusetheirownmoneytobuypresentsfortheirmother.D.Theymaypretendtobetheboystofightwiththeirfatheratthewar.【答案】4.A5.C6.B7.C【解析】【分析】本文為一篇記敘文，是《小婦人》的選段，描述了四姐妹商量圣誕節(jié)禮物的故事?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“"Christmaswon'tbeChristmaswithoutanypresents,"saidJodisappointedly.”（“沒有禮物，圣誕節(jié)就不叫圣誕節(jié)了，”喬失望地說。）及文章第二段“"It'ssoawfultobepoor!"agreedMeg,lookingatherolddress.”（“貧窮真可怕！”梅格看著自己舊衣服表示贊同。）和文章第三段“"It'snotrightforsomegirlstohaveprettythings,andotherstohavenothingatall,"saidlittleAmy.”（“有些女孩擁有漂亮的東西，而另一些什么也沒有，這是不對的，”小艾美說。）可知，在故事開始，女孩們不開心是因?yàn)樗齻儧]有像樣的禮物。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第六段“"Ithinkwashingcupsandplatesandkeepingthingstidyistheworstworkintheworld,"saidBeth."Myhandsgettootiredtoplaymymusic."”（“我認(rèn)為洗杯子和盤子，保持東西整潔是世界上最糟糕的工作，”貝思說?！拔业氖掷鄣脽o法演奏音樂了?！保┛芍?，相比清洗東西，Beth更喜歡演奏音樂。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段““Theseareold,"Josaid."Motherneedsanewpair.””（“這些是舊的，”喬說。“媽媽需要一雙新的?！保┘白詈笠欢侮P(guān)鍵句““I'mthemanofthefamilynow.Fatherisaway,andIshallbuythem,"saidJo.”（“現(xiàn)在爸爸不在，我就是家里的男子漢了，我來把它們買下來，”喬說。）可知，Jo是無私且有責(zé)任心的。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段關(guān)鍵句“"Let'seachgethersomethingandnotgetanythingforourselves,"saidBeth."That'sakindidea!"saidJo.”（“我們每個(gè)人都給她買點(diǎn)東西吧，別給我們自己買了，”貝思說?！昂弥饕?！”喬說。）可知，女孩們最后決定用她們自己的錢給媽媽買禮物。故選C項(xiàng)。CGreatBritain'selectricitysystemrecordeditsgreenesteverdayovertheEasterholidayassunshineandwindyweatherledtoasurge（激增）inrenewableenergyThepowerplantsgeneratingelectricityinEngland,ScotlandandWalesproducedonly39gofcarbondioxideforeverykilowatt-hourofelectricityonMonday,accordingtoNationalGrid's（國家電網(wǎng)）electricitysystemoperator,thelowestcarbonintensityrecordedsinceNationalGridrecordsbeganin1935.Thenewlowbrokethegrid'spreviousrecordof46gon24Maylastyear,duringthecountry'sgreenestevermonthforelectricitygeneration.OnEasterMonday,windturbines（渦輪機(jī)）andsolarfarmsgenerated60%ofallelectricityashouseholdsenjoyedaholidaylunch.At.thesametimetheUK'snuclearreactorsprovided16%oftheelectricitymix,meaningalmost80%ofthegridwaspoweredfromlow-carbonsources.Thelow-carbonpowersurge,combinedwithlowerthanaveragedemandforelectricityoverthebankholiday,keptgas-firedpowerinGreatBritainto10%oftheelectricitymixandcausedthe"carbonintensity"oftheelectricitysystemtoplummettoitslowestonrecord.FintanSlye,adirectoratthesystemoperatoratNationalGrid,saidthelatestrecordwasanotherexampleofhowBritain'senergysystemwastransforming"atanastonishingrate"astheindustrymovesawayfromfossilfuelsandbeginstoharnessrenewableenergysources."It'sanexcitingtime,andtheprogresswe'reseeingwiththeserecordsunderlinesthesignificantstepswe'retakingtowardsourambitionofbeingabletooperatethesystemcarbonfreeby2025,"Slyesaid.8.WhatcanwelearnaboutNationalGridrecords?A.There'sbeen3recordsofcarbonintensityinelectricityproductionsincel935.B.NationalGridrecordsareaboutcarbonemissioninpeople'sdailylifeC.Therecordon24Maylastyearwasthelowestuntilthisyear.D.7gofcarbondioxideforeverykilowatt-hourofelectricityisreducedeveryyear.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"plummet"inParagraph5mean?A.Surge. B.Boost C.Crash. D.Balance.10.WhatcanweknowaccordingtoSlye?A.Britain'senergysystemdevelopsfastinfossilfuelsB.Renewableenergysourceshavebeentransformed.C.It'shopefulforthesystemtobeoperatedcarbonfreeinthenearfuture.D.GreatBritain'selectricitysystemstillhasalongwaytogoincarbonfootprint.11.What'sthepurposeofthetext?A.ToinformusofthegreenerelectricitysystemintheUK.B.TospeakhighlyofthefirstdevelopingtechnologyintheUKC.Toarousepeople'sawarenessofclimatechange.D.TocallonothercountriestofollowtheUK'sexample.【答案】8.C9.C10.C11.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是復(fù)活節(jié)假期期間，陽光和大風(fēng)天氣推動(dòng)了可再生能源的發(fā)展，英國電力系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)下了有史以來最環(huán)保的記錄?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Thenewlowbrokethegrid'spreviousrecordof46gon24Maylastyear,duringthecountry'sgreenestevermonthforelectricitygeneration.（這一新的低點(diǎn)打破了去年5月24日電網(wǎng)46克的記錄，當(dāng)時(shí)是該國最環(huán)保的發(fā)電月。）”可知，去年5月24日的記錄是到今年為止最低的，故選C?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段的“Thelow-carbonpowersurge,combinedwithlowerthanaveragedemandforelectricityoverthebankholiday,keptgas-firedpowerinGreatBritainto10%oftheelectricitymixandcausedthe"carbonintensity"oftheelectricitysystem（低碳電力的激增，加上銀行假期期間低于平均水平的電力需求，使得英國的燃?xì)怆娏φ茧娏偭康?0%，并導(dǎo)致了電力系統(tǒng)的“碳強(qiáng)度”）”及“toitslowestonrecord（至歷史最低水平）”可知，句子表示“電力系統(tǒng)的“碳強(qiáng)度”跌至歷史最低水平”，因此劃線詞plummet的意思是“暴跌”，即crash，故選C?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“"It'sanexcitingtime,andtheprogresswe'reseeingwiththeserecordsunderlinesthesignificantstepswe'retakingtowardsourambitionofbeingabletooperatethesystemcarbonfreeby2025,"Slyesaid.（“這是一個(gè)令人興奮的時(shí)刻，我們在這些記錄中看到的進(jìn)展強(qiáng)調(diào)了我們朝著2025年實(shí)現(xiàn)系統(tǒng)無碳運(yùn)行的雄心邁出的重要一步，”Slye說。）”可知，根據(jù)Slye所說，該系統(tǒng)有望在不久的將來實(shí)現(xiàn)無碳運(yùn)行。故選C?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“GreatBritain'selectricitysystemrecordeditsgreenesteverdayovertheEasterholidayassunshineandwindyweatherledtoasurge（激增）inrenewableenergy.（復(fù)活節(jié)假期期間，陽光和大風(fēng)天氣推動(dòng)了可再生能源的發(fā)展，英國電力系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)下了有史以來最環(huán)保的記錄。）”可知，本文主要講的是復(fù)活節(jié)假期期間，陽光和大風(fēng)天氣推動(dòng)了可再生能源的發(fā)展，英國電力系統(tǒng)創(chuàng)下了有史以來最環(huán)保的記錄，因此本文的目的是向我們介紹英國更環(huán)保的電力系統(tǒng)。故選A。DSpacetravelersfaceanumberofhealthrisks.Astronautshavereportedlossofbonesandmuscleandsomeevenhavedevelopedimmunedisordersandheartproblems.Anewstudyfindsthatenergy-producingnewstructuresincellsmightbetoblameformanyoftheseproblems.Asystemsbiologist,AfshinBeheshti,whostudieshowdifferentpartsofthebodyworktogether,alsoamemberofateamofresearchersthatwanttoknowhowspaceflightmightaffectcellsandtissues,notes,"It'sabasicquestion."TheteamlookedatNASAGeneLab'scollectionofdatafrompastspacebiologyexperimentsandstudiedcellsandtissuesfrommiceandpeopleandcomparedspacetravelerswithothersthathadremainedonEarth."Theideaisnotonlytolookatonetypeofchemical,"Beheshtisays.Rather,theywantedto"lookatthelivingsystemasawhole".Andindoingthat,theyfoundacommontheme.Aftersometimeinspace,mitochondria,theenergypowerhousesofcells,oftendidn'tworkaswellastheyshould.ThosefindingsareconsistentwithsamplesfromNASA'sTwinStudy.Beforeretiring,astronautScottKellyspentnearlyayearaboardtheInternationalSpaceStation.Histwin,Markremainedontheground.Afterward,bloodsamplesfromthetwoshoweddifferentmitochondrialactivities.Forthelateststudy,BeheshtiandhisteamstudiedGeneLabdataformanytypesofcellsandtissues.Anotherfocuswasrelatedtometabolism.Thatprocessincludesamixofchemicalactivitiesthatsupportslifeincells,organsandthewholebody.Damagetomitochondriamaybeacommonfactorinspaceflighthealthrisks,theteamnowconcludes.Findingsimilarchangesinsomanyastronautsindeedpointstosomegeneraleffect,agreesMichaelSnyder,asystemsbiologistatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia,whoworkedonScottandMarkKelly'sTwinStudybutwasnotpartofthenewanalysis.Ifmitochondriaarethecause,dealingwithproblemsofthemcouldhelpprotectfutureastronauts.Somediseasescausemitochondrialdefects,Dealingwithsuchdiseasesindifferentwaysmayhelpreduceastronauts'healthrisks.Futurestudiescouldtestifexistingdrugspreventmitochondrialproblemsincells,animalsandpeopleonlongdeep-spacetravels.12.Whatmightcauseastronautstohavehealthproblemsaccordingtothenewstudy?A.Temperaturedifference. B.Heartcellincrease C.Tiringwork. D.Cellproblems.13.WhichmethoddidBeheshti'steamemploytodotheresearch?A.Theyreferredtosomeexistinginformation.B.TheydidallkindsoftestsonastronautScottKelly.C.Theyfollowedsomeastronautsformanyyears.D.Theyobservedbehaviorsofastronautsinperson14.Whatmaycontributetothedecreaseofastronauts'healthrisks?A.Takingmedicinetotreatcertaindiseases. B.Performingfewerlongdeep-spacetravelsC.Lettingnewstructureincellsgrowquickly D.Makingastronautseatashealthilyaspossible.15.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Astronautsfacegreatdangerinthespacestation.B.Spacetravelsarereallydangeroustoastronauts'healthC.Scientistshavefoundwaystoreduceastronauts'healthrisks.D.Spacetravelsmayharmhealthbydamagingmitochondria【答案】12.D13.A14.A15.D【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，太空旅行可能會(huì)破壞細(xì)胞中的線粒體，從而損害宇航員的健康。文章介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程以及解決措施?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Spacetravelersfaceanumberofhealthrisks.Astronautshavereportedlossofbonesandmuscleandsomeevenhavedevelopedimmunedisordersandheartproblems.Anewstudyfindsthatenergy-producingnewstructuresincellsmightbetoblameformanyoftheseproblems.(太空旅行者面臨著許多健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。據(jù)報(bào)道，宇航員的骨骼和肌肉受損，有些人甚至出現(xiàn)了免疫紊亂和心臟問題。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，細(xì)胞中產(chǎn)生能量的新結(jié)構(gòu)可能是造成這些問題的原因)”可知，根據(jù)這項(xiàng)新研究，細(xì)胞的問題可能導(dǎo)致宇航員出現(xiàn)健康問題。故選D?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“TheteamlookedatNASAGeneLab'scollectionofdatafrompastspacebiologyexperimentsandstudiedcellsandtissuesfrommiceandpeopleandcomparedspacetravelerswithothersthathadremainedonEarth.(該團(tuán)隊(duì)研究了NASA基因?qū)嶒?yàn)室從過去的太空生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中收集到的數(shù)據(jù)，研究了老鼠和人類的細(xì)胞和組織，并將太空旅行者與留在地球上的其他人進(jìn)行了比較)”可知，Beheshti的團(tuán)隊(duì)參考了一些現(xiàn)有的資料來進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究。故選A?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Futurestudiescouldtestifexistingdrugspreventmitochondrialproblemsincells,animalsandpeopleonlongdeep-spacetravels.(未來的研究將測試現(xiàn)有的藥物是否能防止細(xì)胞、動(dòng)物和人類在長時(shí)間的深空旅行中出現(xiàn)線粒體問題)”可知，服藥治療某些疾病可能有助于減少宇航員的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選A。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Spacetravelersfaceanumberofhealthrisks.Astronautshavereportedlossofbonesandmuscleandsomeevenhavedevelopedimmunedisordersandheartproblems.Anewstudyfindsthatenergy-producingnewstructuresincellsmightbetoblameformanyoftheseproblems.(太空旅行者面臨著許多健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。據(jù)報(bào)道，宇航員的骨骼和肌肉受損，有些人甚至出現(xiàn)了免疫紊亂和心臟問題。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，細(xì)胞中產(chǎn)生能量的新結(jié)構(gòu)可能是造成這些問題的原因)”以及第四段中“Aftersometimeinspace,mitochondria,theenergypowerhousesofcells,oftendidn'tworkaswellastheyshould.(在太空中待了一段時(shí)間后，線粒體，細(xì)胞的能量之源，往往不能發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的作用)”結(jié)合文章說明了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，太空旅行可能會(huì)破壞細(xì)胞中的線粒體，從而損害宇航員的健康。文章介紹了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程以及解決措施?？芍?，文章的主旨是太空旅行可能通過破壞線粒體損害健康。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Emptynestsyndromereferstothefeelingsoflonelinessandgriefthatparentsexperiencewhenchildrenleavehomeforcollege,workorjusttoliveontheirown.Itcanbeadifficultexperienceforaparent.____16____PrepareforthetransitionManyparentsareshockedthat17or18yearscanpassbysoquickly,andoftenfeellostwhenthey'refacedwiththeirchildrenleavingthenestforgood.Soit'snecessaryforyoutostartpreparingforthistransitionasearlyaspossible.____17____Theymayincludefamilyvacations,longtalks,andtakingtimeofffromworktomakespecialmemories.RediscoveryourselfCultivateahobbyyouloveandgetinvolvedinmeaningfulwork.____18____Whatdidyouhavetosacrificewhenyoudevotedallyourenergiestoparenting?Reawakenthatpartofyourlife.Youcanmakethebestoftheopportunitiesthistransitionbringstoenrichyourlife.ReconnectwithyourspouseandfriendsYourprimaryfocusmayhavebeenparentingformanyyears,butwhenyourchildrenleavethehome,youhaveanopportunitytoreconnectwithyourspouseandbecomemoreinvolvedineachother'slivesagain.____19____Forsingleparents,thiswillbeagreattimetoreachouttofriends,connectwithyourcommunity,getinvolvedinlocalclubs,tryabookcluborvolunteer.____20____Intoday'sworld,itcanbemucheasiertostayintouchwithyourchildrenmoreregularlythroughtechnology.Youcantalktothemonthephone,textthemandscheduleregularSkypesessions.It'salsoimportanttorememberthatthehappinessyouseekiswithinyourself.Consideryouremptynestasanopportunitytorediscoverandreconnectwithyourself,yourpartnerandyourcommunity.A.Makeuseoftechnology.B.Schedulearegularphonecall.C.Howdidyougetinvolvedinemptynestsyndrome?D.Whatdidyouliketodobeforeyoubecameamotherorfather?E.Itisanewopportunitytoimprovethequalityofyourmarriage.F.Hereareseveralwaystohelpyoulovethenextchapter,insteadoffearingit.G.Youcanmakeplanswiththefamilywheneveryoneisstillunderthesameroof.【答案】16.F17.G18.D19.E20.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一些父母在子女離家后重新熱愛上生活的方法。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Emptynestsyndromereferstothefeelingsoflonelinessandgriefthatparentsexperiencewhenchildrenleavehomeforcollege,workorjusttoliveontheirown.Itcanbeadifficultexperienceforaparent.(空巢綜合癥指當(dāng)孩子離開家去上大學(xué)、工作或獨(dú)自生活時(shí)，父母所感受到的孤獨(dú)和悲傷。對于父母來說，這可能是一個(gè)艱難的經(jīng)歷)”結(jié)合后文說明了熱愛生活的方法，故F選項(xiàng)“下面有幾個(gè)方法可以幫助你熱愛下一篇章，而不是害怕它”符合語境，故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Soit'snecessaryforyoutostartpreparingforthistransitionasearlyaspossible.(所以你有必要盡早開始為這個(gè)過渡做準(zhǔn)備)”以及后文“Theymayincludefamilyvacations,longtalks,andtakingtimeofffromworktomakespecialmemories.(他們可能包括家庭度假，長談，從工作中抽出時(shí)間制造特殊的回憶)”可知，本句應(yīng)承接上文，進(jìn)一步說明如何為這個(gè)過渡做準(zhǔn)備的：當(dāng)大家還在同一個(gè)屋檐下的時(shí)候，你可以和家人一起制定計(jì)劃。故G選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)大家還在同一個(gè)屋檐下的時(shí)候，你可以和家人一起制定計(jì)劃”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Cultivateahobbyyouloveandgetinvolvedinmeaningfulwork.(培養(yǎng)一個(gè)你喜歡的愛好，參與到有意義的工作中去)”以及后文“Whatdidyouhavetosacrificewhenyoudevotedallyourenergiestoparenting?Reawakenthatpartofyourlife.Youcanmakethebestoftheopportunitiesthistransitionbringstoenrichyourlife.(當(dāng)你把所有的精力都投入到養(yǎng)育孩子上時(shí)，你犧牲了什么？重新喚醒你生命中的那一部分。你可以充分利用這一轉(zhuǎn)變帶來的機(jī)會(huì)來豐富你的生活)”可知，本句與后文并列，都是在對喜歡從事的愛好進(jìn)行設(shè)問。故D選項(xiàng)“在你成為母親或父親之前，你喜歡做什么？”符合語境，故選D?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Yourprimaryfocusmayhavebeenparentingformanyyears,butwhenyourchildrenleavethehome,youhaveanopportunitytoreconnectwithyourspouseandbecomemoreinvolvedineachother'slivesagain.(多年來，你主要關(guān)注的可能是養(yǎng)育子女，但當(dāng)你的孩子離開家時(shí)，你有機(jī)會(huì)與你的配偶重新建立聯(lián)系，并再次更多地參與到彼此的生活中)”以及后文“Forsingleparents,thiswillbeagreattimetoreachouttofriends,connectwithyourcommunity,getinvolvedinlocalclubs,tryabookcluborvolunteer.(對于單身父母來說，這將是一個(gè)結(jié)交朋友、聯(lián)系社區(qū)、參加當(dāng)?shù)鼐銟凡?、嘗試讀書俱樂部或做志愿者的好時(shí)機(jī))”可知，本段的主旨是將這視為一個(gè)和配偶重新建立聯(lián)系的機(jī)會(huì)，從而提高婚姻質(zhì)量。故E選項(xiàng)“這是一個(gè)提高婚姻質(zhì)量的新機(jī)會(huì)”符合語境，故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Intoday'sworld,itcanbemucheasiertostayintouchwithyourchildrenmoreregularlythroughtechnology.Youcantalktothemonthephone,textthemandscheduleregularSkypesessions.(在當(dāng)今世界，通過科技更容易與孩子保持經(jīng)常性的聯(lián)系。你可以打電話給他們，發(fā)短信給他們，安排定期的Skype會(huì)面)”可知，本段的主旨是通過科技和孩子保持聯(lián)系，A選項(xiàng)中technology對應(yīng)后文中technology。故A選項(xiàng)“利用科技”符合語境，故選A。第三部分：語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AnOhiomanisnowthe____21____parentoffivebrothersandsisterswhowereseparatedindifferentfosterhomes（收養(yǎng)家庭）.RobertCarterofCincinnati____22____Marionna,10,Robert,9,Makayla,8,Giovanni,5,andKiontae,4.Hewas____23____tokeepthechildrentogether."Iwasn'twithmysiblings（兄弟姐妹）.Aftermyyoungestbrotherturned2,Ididn'tseehimagain____24____hewas16."Cartersaid.Carteristhethirdoldestofninechildren.At12,hewas____25____infostercareaswell.Cartersaidhisexperiencemadehimwantto____26____childrenwithasafehome.Carterbecamea____27____fosterparentpermittedbythegovernmentin2017.InDecember2018,thethreeboys,Robert,GiovanniandKiontae,cameintohis____28____.Later,MarionnaandMakaylajoined."OnceI____29____theyhadsisters,Istartedadvisingtovisitthem."Cartersaid.Thesiblingswere____30____afternotseeingeachotherforsixmonths."Mr.Carterwastheonlyfosterparentwillingandabletoadoptallofthechildren."saidBarton,anadoptionworker,"Hischildhoodbackgroundhasmadehim____31____oftheimportanceofkeepingsiblingstogether.Hesaysthathe____32____beingtheirfather.Hislifeisbusy,withalotoflove,____33____andhappiness."Withallthe____34____hisfamily'sstoryisgetting,hewantspeopletoknowhowimportantfosteringandadoptionare."Aslongasyouhavethemeansandlovetogivetokids,____35____,anybodycandoit."saidCarter.21.A.desperate B.sensitive C.tough D.proud22.A.educated B.promoted C.adopted D.accompanied23.A.determined B.reduced C.adjusted D.addicted24.A.after B.until C.since D.while25.A.trapped B.placed C.occupied D.absorbed26.A.give B.treat C.provide D.equip27.A.heartbroken B.considerate C.adorable D.licensed28.A.care B.rescue C.instruction D.career29.A.foundout B.putout C.handedout D.gaveout30.A.recovered B.refused C.reunited D.returned31.A.guilty B.aware C.capable D.suspicious32.A.permits B.endures C.imagines D.enjoys33.A.dilemma B.laughter C.reputation D.pressure34.A.relation B.sufferings C.attention D.confidence35.A.undoubtedly B.unlikely C.unusually D.uncertainly【答案】21.D22.C23.A24.B25.B26.C27.D28.A29.A30.C31.B32.D33.B34.C35.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是RobertCarter收養(yǎng)了五個(gè)兄弟姐妹，使他們能夠團(tuán)聚在一起的故事。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：俄亥俄州的一名男子現(xiàn)在是五個(gè)兄弟姐妹的驕傲的父親，他們被不同的寄養(yǎng)家庭分開。A.desperate絕望的；B.sensitive敏感的；C.tough困難的；D.proud驕傲的。由“fivebrothersandsisters