（英語）高二英語閱讀理解(教育文化)解題技巧講解及練習題(含答案)含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解教育文化類1．閱讀理解DearMom,

Thebigquestionwhichshockedparentsoftenasktheirchildafteraconfrontational(沖突)momentis,"Wheredidyougetthisattitudefrom?"Iknowyouhatetoadmitit,butIgetmuchofmydeterminedandstrong-willednaturefromyou.

Mom,Iknowit'sharddealingwiththeteenageanxietyandtheever-changingmoodsthatcomewithraisingachild.ButyoushouldalsomarvelatthefactthatI'vemadeitthisfar,thatI'mhealthyandhappy.

WhenIwassmall,Iwouldattendbarbecuesandfamilyeventsandwanderawayfrommyparents.Itwouldn'tbelongbeforesomeonewouldstopmetoaskwhetherIwasmymother'sdaughter.

"YourmomisMelissa,"they'dsay,awarmsmileontheirfaces."IsthatTight?"Iwouldnod.Ithinkparentsfeelmuchhurtwhentheirchildtalksbackordefiesthem,Iwasshockedatthisstatement.Tome,Iactednothinglikeyou,Mom.

Noonesays,"Iknowyou'reMelissa'sdaughterbecauseofyoureyesandnose".It'sthecharactertraits(特點)thatsealthedeal.Drywit,intelligence,andyes,maybealittlebitofattitude-thesearethethingsIamgratefulIhavereceivedfromyou.There'snothingwrongwithhavingattitude.

Likeformostblackindividuals,attitudeiswhatdefinesyouandme,andit'swhatkeepsusfrombeingmentallyoppressedanddefeated.Attitudeisanon-violentformofprotectionandconfrontation-wherewouldwebeintheworldwithoutthistool?Surelynotwhereweare.

Mom,whenpeopleaskmewhereIgetmyattitudefrom,Itellthem:you.AndwhentheyaskmewhereIgotmydrive,myworkethic,mygoodhair,andmysenseofhumor,Isayyouaswell.Iwillalwayssaythis.

WhenI'maskedwhyIamthewayIam,whyIrefusetoallowotherstohurtmewiththeirwordsoractionsandwhyIthinkandspeakaboutthingsopenlyandwithoutfear.I'lltellthemit'sbecauseofyou.

I'llcomplaintoyouabouttheargumentsbetweenusthatleavemewonderingabouthowGodmadeussomuchalikethatwehardlyevennoticed.ButI'lltellthemaboutyou.Love,Malahni（1）Inthisletter,Malahnimainlyexpressedher

tohermother.A.complaintB.loveC.argumentD.anxiety（2）PeoplerecognizedMalahniasMelissa'sdaughtermainlybecauseofher

.A.appearanceB.behaviorC.charactertraitsD.race（3）Theunderlinedword"defies"inthe4thparagraphmostprobablymeans

.A.refusestoobeyB.agreeswithC.takesprideinD.triestounderstand（4）Malahnicanbeawoman

.A.easytobeoppressedanddefeatedB.hardtogetalongwithC.withapositiveattitudetowardslifeD.withviolentconfrontation【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了作者母親對于作者的人生態(tài)度的影響。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Iknowyouhatetoadmitit,butIgetmuchofmydeterminedandstrong-willednaturefromyou.”我知道你不愿意承認這一點，但我從你身上學到了很多我的堅強意志；以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“WhenI'maskedwhyIamthewayIam,whyIrefusetoallowotherstohurtmewiththeirwordsoractionsandwhyIthinkandspeakaboutthingsopenlyandwithoutfear.I'lltellthemit'sbecauseofyou.”當我被問及為什么我是現(xiàn)在的我，為什么我拒絕讓別人用他們的言語或行動傷害我，為什么我公開地、毫無畏懼地思考和談?wù)撌虑?。我會告訴他們是因為你?？赏浦谶@封信中，Malahni主要表達了她對母親的愛。故選B。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“It'sthecharactertraitsthatsealthedeal.Drywit,intelligence,andyes,maybealittlebitofattitude-thesearethethingsIamgratefulIhavereceivedfromyou.There'snothingwrongwithhavingattitude.”是性格特征讓他們達成了共識。機智、智慧，是的，也許還有一點態(tài)度——這些是我從你那里得到的東西，我很感激。態(tài)度并沒有錯?？芍藗冋J出Malahni是Melissa的女兒主要是因為她的性格特點。故選C。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“parentsfeelmuchhurtwhentheirchildtalksbackor”可知父母在他們的孩子頂嘴或反抗他們時感到很受傷，故劃線單詞意思為“反抗；拒絕服從”故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“ButyoushouldalsomarvelatthefactthatI'vemadeitthisfar,thatI'mhealthyandhappy.”但你也應(yīng)該驚訝于我已經(jīng)走了這么遠，我很健康，很快樂。以及下文Malahni說明自己如何用自己的態(tài)度來使自己免于精神上的壓迫和失敗，可推知Malahni是一個對生活有積極態(tài)度的女人。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.

The2015ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(評估)(PISA)showsmathsscoresintheUSgettinglowerandnoimprovementinscienceorreading.PISAtests15-year-oldsfromdifferentcountriesandregionsintheirmaths,scienceandreadingskills.About540,000studentsfrom72countriesandregionstookpartintheassessmentin2015.

USscoresinreadingandsciencewereaboutthesameasthreeyearsago,leavingAmericansnearthemiddleofthebiggergroup.Butthesituationinmathsismuchmoreworrying.TheUSaveragescorewas470,belowtheOECD(經(jīng)合組織)testaverageof490,meaningtheUSwasNo.40amongthe72countriesandareas.Itwas12pointslowerthanin2012and18pointslowerthanin2009.So,whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents'mathsskills?

OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth."StudentsareoftengoodatansweringthefirstpartofaproblemintheUnitedStates,"saidAndreasSchleicher,directorofeducationandskillsatOECD."Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties."Incomparison,manyhigh-performingcountriesandregionsinmathsteachalotlessbutfocusinmuchgreaterdepth,especiallywhenyoulookatEastAsia,JapanandSingapore,accordingtoSchleicher.

AnotherreasonmaybethefactthatmanypeopleintheUSareunwillingtotraveltoforeigncountriestolearnbetterteachingpractices."OneofourbiggestchallengesintheUSisthattheteachersarenotgoingoutandseeingwhathigh-performingcountriesdodifferently,"saidWendyKopp,whostartedTeachforAmerica,inanewsprogramme.（1）Whenitcomestothe2015PISAresults,peopleintheUSeducationaremoreconcernedabout

.A.

theUSaveragescoreB.

thedifferencesfromthepreviousPISAC.

Americanstudents'performanceinmathsD.

Americanstudents'situationinscienceandreadingskills（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Americanstudentsarenotinterestedinsimplemathsproblems.B.Americanstudentsareunwillingtogoabroadforfurtherstudy.C.Americanmathsteachersenvyhigh-performingcountriesbetterteachingskills.D.Americanmathsteachersseldomteachstudentshowtosolvecomplicatedproblems.（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToinformpeopleofAmericanstudents'2015PISAresults.B.ToanalysethecausesofAmericanstudents'problemswithmaths.C.TostresstheimportanceoflearningmathswelltoAmericastudents.D.TogiveAmericanmathsteacherssomeadviceonhowtoteachmaths.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了2015年P(guān)ISA評估結(jié)果顯示美國學生的數(shù)學成績較之以前有明顯下降,進而分兩方面闡述了造成這一結(jié)果的原因。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.”可知美國的教育界人士最近非常擔心的是美國學生在數(shù)學上的表現(xiàn),“anewreport”指的正是下文的2015年的PISA,故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth.”可知美國的數(shù)學教學深度不夠,導致；以及“Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties.”美國學生在復雜問題的求解上有很大的困難。故選D。（3）考查主旨大意。由PISA評估引出問題“…whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents’mathsskills?”,美國學生的數(shù)學技能怎么樣了?接著下文的兩段分別列出了“Onereason…”和“Anotherreason…”,分析了美國學生在數(shù)學上出現(xiàn)問題的原因,故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Inordertolearnaforeignlanguagewell,fourthingsarenecessary.First,wemustunderstandthelanguagewhenwehearitspoken.Secondly,wemustbeabletospeakitourselves,withconfidenceandwithouthesitation(猶豫).Thirdly,wemustdomuchreading.Finally,wemustbeabletowriteit.Wemustbeabletomakesentencesthatarecorrectingrammar.

Therearenoshortcutstosuccessinlanguagelearning.Agoodmemoryisagreathelp,butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.Itisnotmuchlearningbyheartlonglistsofwordsandtheirmeanings,studyingthedictionaryandsoon.Wemustlearnbyusingthelanguage.

Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized,wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.（1）Themostimportantthingstolearnaforeignlanguageare

.A.

understandingandspeaking

B.

Listening,speaking,readingandwritingC.

writingandunderstanding

D.

memorizingandlistening（2）SomeonehearsandwritesEnglishverywell,buthespeaksitverybadly.Thisisbecause

.A.hedoesn'tunderstandthelanguagewhenhehearsitspokenB.hedoesn'thaveagoodmemoryC.healwaysrememberslistsofwordsandtheirmeaningsD.heoftenhesitates(猶豫)topractisespeakingit（3）Onecanneverlearnaforeignlanguagewellby

.A.doingmuchpracticeB.studyingthedictionaryC.learningthroughuseD.usingthelanguage（4）Whichisthemostimportantinlearningaforeignlanguage?A.goodmemory.B.Speaking.C.Practice.D.Writing.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了學習一門語言的基本方法和根本方法。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的”Inordertoknowaforeignlanguagethoroughly（完全地），fourthingsarenecessary.“為了完全了解一門外語，要做好四個方面的準備，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的”Secondly，wemustbeabletospeakitourselves，withconfidenceandwithouthesitation.“第二，我們必須要自己會說，帶著自信而且毫不猶豫。推斷有些人說不好，是因為在說這方面，他有猶豫要不要練習說這門語言，故選D。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的”Agoodmemoryisagreathelp，butitisnotenoughonlytomemorizetherulesfromagrammarbook.“好的記憶力是會很有幫助，但是光從語法書上記憶語法規(guī)則是不夠的；以及第三段中的”Ifwearepleasedwithafewruleswehavememorized，wearenotreallylearningthelanguage.Wemust"learnthroughuse."Practiceisimportant.“如果我們對于記點語法規(guī)則就很滿足，但在并不是真正在學語言。我們必須通過使用它來學這門語言。所以選B。（4）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Practiceisimportant.Wemustpractisespeakingandwritingthelanguagewheneverwecan.“練習非常重要。我們必須盡可能地練習說和寫一門語言，故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確掌握細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Whenitcomestolearningaforeignlanguage,manypeoplewonderiftheywillbeabletomemorizeenoughvocabulary.Butthisquestionneverhappensabouttheirmothertongue,andyet,itwasaforeignlanguageonce.However,amongallthequestionsthatnewparentsask,nodoctorhaseverheard:"Willmybabybeabletolearnmylanguage?"Behonest,doyouknowallthewordsofyourmothertongue?Theansweris:"no".

Newwords,andnewwaysofusingoldwords,appeareveryday.Twentyyearsago,whocouldhavebeenabletounderstandasentencelikethis:"Clickheretodownloadyourdigitalbook."?Nobody.Youneverstoplearningnewvocabularyandyouneverknowhowlongyouwillneedit.

Sometimes,youhavethewordonthetipofyourtongue...anditsticksthere!Butyoudoknowthisphenomenon(現(xiàn)象)anddon'tthinkthatitisbecauseofabadmemory.Youshouldnotgivethisphenomenonmoreimportanceinthelanguageyouarelearningthaninyourmothertongue.

Youneedtolearnonly2000orsobasicwordstobeabletocreateanyphraseyouneed.Youcan'tavoidsomeworkinordertolearnthesenecessarywordsandallthemoreifyouwanttolearnquickly.Andbeforeyouconsiderbuyingintoanymethod,besureitisrightforyou.Itisnotwisetodependonanymethodbaseduponmnemonics(記憶群).Thefirstfewwordsseemveryeasytolearn,soyoubuythecourse,butthenyoudiscoverquickly,thoughtoolate,thatadozenwordslater,itisallthemoredifficulttolearnanewwordwhenyouhavealsotolearnthetricktomemorizeit.（1）Fromthefirstparagraph,wecaninferthat______.A.

thereisnoneedtoknowallthewordsofaforeignlanguageB.

itishonesttoanswer"no"toaquestionyoudon'tknowC.

ababycanknowallthenewwordsofitsmothertongueD.

peoplefindithardtomemorizevocabularyoftheirlanguage（2）Tolearnaforeignlanguage,theauthoradvisesyou______.A.toremembernewwordsappearingeverydayB.tokeepupwithnewwaysofusingoldwordsC.tolearnatleast2,000necessarywordsD.topaymoreattentiontoyourbadmemory（3）Theauthor'sattitudetomnemonicsis________.A.supportiveB.neutralC.opponentD.indifferent（4）Thepassageismainlyabout______.A.usingoldwordsinanewwayB.learningnewwordsfromthecontextC.findingamethodtomemorizevocabularyD.learningvocabularyofaforeignlanguage【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，很多學習外語的人都有一個困惑是否要記憶足夠多的單詞，作者的回答是"不"，文章告訴人們應(yīng)該掌握多少個基本單詞，且不能為了學習這些必要的單詞而逃避一些工作，以及依靠任何基于助記法的方法都是不明智的。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Tobehonest，doyouknowallthewordsofyourmothertongue？Theansweris‘No’．“說實話，你知道你母語的所有單詞嗎?"答案是:"不"?？芍?，一個人既然連自己的母語的詞匯都不可能全部認識，那么在學習外語時，也就沒有必要記住所有的詞匯。故選A。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Youneedtolearnonly2，000orsobasicwordstobeabletocreateanyphraseyouneed.”你只需要學習2000個左右的基本單詞就能創(chuàng)造出任何你需要的短語。可知為了學習一門外語，作者建議你至少學習2000個必要的單詞。故選C。（3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Itisnotwisetodependonanymethodbaseduponmnemonics.”依靠任何基于記憶術(shù)的方法都是不明智的。可知作者對記憶術(shù)的態(tài)度是反對的。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Whenitcomestolearningaforeignlanguage,manypeoplewonderiftheywillbeabletomemorizeenoughvocabulary.”當談到學習一門外語時，許多人想知道他們是否能記住足夠的詞匯。以及文章主要內(nèi)容圍繞學習外語時的詞匯量問題，所以短文主要是關(guān)于學習一門外語的詞匯量。故選D。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Afriendisbetterthanfortune.Afriendisworsethanpoisoninsomecases.

Thetwosentencesabovehaveoppositemeaningsandseemtobeunreasonable

buttheycanbeexplainedasfollows:thefirstreferstoallgoodfriendswhodriveustowardsgoodwhilethesecondallbadoneswholeadusintobadways.

Myidealfriendisofcourseagoodfriendwhosegoodnessisshownbelow—hehasnobadhabits

suchassmokinganddrinking.Helivesinfrugality(節(jié)儉).Hestudieshardsoasnottowastehisgoldentime.Athomehehonorshisparentsandloveshisbrothers;atschoolherespectshisteachersandsharesthefeelingsofhisclassmates.Hetreatsthosetrulywhoaretruetohim.Inaword,hehasallthegoodcharacteristicsthatIdon'thave.Icanfollowhimasamodel.WithhishelpIcanbefreefromalldifficulties.

Indeed,ifIhavesuchapersonasmyfriend,IshallneverfeardifficultyandIshallneverknowtheexistenceoftheword"failure".（1）Thispassagetellsus____.A.

howtomakefriendswithothersB.

howtohelpfriendsC.

whatkindofpersonthewriter'sfriendisD.

whatkindofpersonweshouldmakefriendswith（2）Accordingtothewriter,anidealfriendrefersto_______.A.afriendwithoutbadhabitsB.afamousmanC.aperfectmanD.arespectableman（3）Fromthepassagewecanlearnthat________.A.thewriterandhisidealfriendhavealottolearnfromeachotherB.thewriterhasalottolearnfromhisidealfriendC.thewriter'sidealfriendhasalottolearnfromhimD.thewriterhasonlyalittletolearnfromhisidealfriend（4）Fromthesecondparagraph,wecaninferthewriterissurethat_______.A.friendshipmeansagreatdealtohimB.nothingcanbedonewithoutfriendsC.hewhodoesnotsmokeordrinkmustbeagoodfriendD.goodfriendsshouldalwayshelpeachother【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了我們應(yīng)該交哪種朋友。我們應(yīng)該交那種在學校尊敬老師，在家愛戴父母認真學習，珍惜時間的朋友。（1）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文講述的是我們應(yīng)該交哪種朋友。我們應(yīng)該交那種在學校尊敬老師，在家愛戴父母認真學習，珍惜時間的朋友。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段可知理想的朋友就是那些完美的人。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Icanfollowhimasamodel."他是我的楷模，我能從他身上學習到很多東西。故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。從文章內(nèi)容可知我很看重生命中的好朋友，一位友誼對我來說意義重大。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀。考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Youprobablyknowthebasicsofhowcomparatives(比較級)andsuperlatives(最高級)workintheEnglishlanguage.Whencomparingsomething,youoftenaddan"-er"totheendofthecomparativeadjective.Thegeneralruleisthatone-syllable(音節(jié))wordsgetthesuffix(后綴),andpolysyllabicwordsget"more"or"most."Thatis,unlessthetwo-syllablewordendsina"y";ifthat'sthecase,youwilladdthesuffixesandchangethe"y"toan"i".

Butwhatabouttheword"fun"?Thissimpleadjectiveonlyhasonesyllable,soyou'dthinkyou'daddsuffixesonittocreatesuperlatives.Butifyouweretosay"IthinkMagicKingdomisafunnerparkthanEpcot."or"DisneyWorldwasthefunnestvacationever!"youmightgetsomestrangelooks.Itdoesn'tsoundquiteright.But…why?"Fun"isonesyllable,sowhydowechoose"morefun"asthecomparative—especiallyconsideringthatthesimilarword"funny,"whichhasmoresyllablesthan"fun,"usesthesuffixeswithnoproblem?

Well,theproblemcomesfromthefactthattheword"fun"wasnotoriginallyanadjective.Untiltheearly19thcentury,itwasmostlyjustanoun,anditgaineditsmeaningas"amusement"inthe18thcentury.Butasearlyasthe1800s,peoplebeganusingitasanadjective,thewaywe'ddescribe"afuntime"or"afunplace"today.

Basically,languageisstilldeveloping.Grammarianshavemostlycomearoundtotheuseof"fun"asanadjective(thoughsomedictionariesstillcallitinformal).Therewas(andremains)anagreementof"Fine,youcanuse‘fun'asanadjective…but,like,it'snotreallyone,soitcan'tfollowtherulesofrealadjectives."Sotheyalsoagreethattheanswerto"isfunneraword?"isyes.Ifyouwanttoconsider"fun,"asanadjective,then"funner"isindeedaword,asis"funnest".Butthisdoesn'tmeanthat"morefun"and"mostfun"areincorrect,though;infact,informalwriting,you'llprobablystillwanttousethoseinsteadof"funner"and"funnest."

TheEnglishlanguageischock-fullofuncertaingrammarrules;there'snoneedtoinsistthatawordbreaksthecommonrulesoflanguagejustbecausewedidn'tusedtouseitinawaywedonow.（1）HowdocomparativesandsuperlativesworkintheEnglishlanguage?A.

Put"more"or"most"beforeone-syllableadjectives.B.

Add"-er"or"-est"tomostpolysyllabicadjectives.C.

Put"more"or"most"beforepolysyllabicadjectives.D.

Add"-er"or"-est"straighttotwo-syllablewordsendingina"y".（2）Peopledidn'tusedtouse"funner"or"funnest"partlybecause______________.A.

itsoundedstrangetogrammarians

B.

theEnglishlanguagechangedalittleC.

thewordwasoriginallyusedasanoun

D.

somedictionariesconsidereditincorrect（3）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.

Is"funner"aword?B.

AgeneralruleofEnglishgrammar.C.

ThedevelopmentofEnglishlanguage.D.

Thecomparativesandsuperlativesofadjectives.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了英語形容詞比較級和最高級中，單詞fun的比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則而展開。告訴了我們單詞fun詞性的歷史演變，英語充滿了不確定的語法規(guī)則;沒有必要僅僅因為我們過去不像現(xiàn)在這樣使用一個詞就認為它違反了語言的一般規(guī)則。（1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thegeneralruleisthatone-syllablewordsgetthesuffix,andpolysyllabicwordsget'more'or'most.'"一般規(guī)則是單音節(jié)單詞詞尾添加后綴，多音節(jié)單詞則需要添加"more"或"most"?？芍谟⒄Z比較級和最高級中，在多音節(jié)形容詞前加"more"或"most"。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的”Untiltheearly19thcentury,itwasmostlyjustanoun,anditgaineditsmeaningas"amusement"inthe18thcentury.Butasearlyasthe1800s,peoplebeganusingitasanadjective,thewaywe'ddescribe"afuntime"or‘a(chǎn)funplace“today.”直到19世紀早期，它還只是一個名詞，到了18世紀才有了"娛樂"的含義。但早在19世紀，人們就開始把它用作形容詞，我們今天用它來形容"有趣的時間"或"有趣的地方"?？芍^去的人們不習慣使用"funner"或"funnest"，部分原因是這個詞最初用作名詞。故選C。（3）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Butwhatabouttheword"fun"?Thissimpleadjectiveonlyhasonesyllable,soyou'dthinkyou'daddsuffixesonittocreatesuperlatives.”但是"樂趣"這個詞呢?這個簡單的形容詞只有一個音節(jié)，所以你會認為你應(yīng)該在它上面加上后綴來創(chuàng)造最高級。以及倒數(shù)第二段中的“Sotheyalsoagreethattheanswerto"isfunneraword?"isyes.”所以他們對"funner是一個詞嗎?"的說法是肯定的。本文主要內(nèi)容都是圍繞著fun的比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則展開論述，故A選項"funner是一個詞嗎？"符合文章主旨。故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化知識類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Yousignedupforsoccer,andplayedeverygameoftheseason.Sure,you'renotthebestplayerontheteam,butmostdaysyougaveityourall.Doyoudeserveatrophy(獎杯)?

IfthedecisionisuptoCarolDweck,theanswerwouldlikelybeno.She'sapsychologyprofessoratStanfordUniversity,California.Shesaysaplayerdoesn'thavetobethebesttogetatrophy.Butthosewhoreceiveanawardshouldhavetoworkforit.Shesuggeststrophiesgotothemostimprovedplayer,ortheonewhocontributedmosttotheteamspirit,aswellastothosewhoplaythebest.

"Thetrophyhastostandforsomething,"DwecktoldTFK."Ifwegiveatrophytoeveryone,thentheawardhasnovalue."Dweckarguesthatgivingkidstrophiesforparticularreasons,suchasimprovinginasport,teacheskidsthatadultsvaluehardworkandtryingourbest.

Otherssaythatthere'snoharmingivingawardstoallkidswhoplayasport,regardlessofhowtheyplayedorwhetherornottheyimproved.

"Ithinkweshouldencouragekids'participationinsports,"saysKennethBarish,apsychologyprofessoratWeillCornellMedicalCollege,inNewYorkCity."Atrophyisonewaytoencouragekids'efforts."

Barisharguesthatwhenwesingleoutonlythebestoreventhemostimprovedplayerswithatrophy,weareteachingkidsthewronglesson.Wearesendingthemessagethatwinningiseverything."Winningisonlypartoftheequation(等式),"BarishtoldTFK."Playingsportsalsoteacheskidsaboutteamworkandtheimportanceofexercise."

Therewillbeplentyofopportunitiesforkidstolearnaboutcompetitionastheygetolder,saysBarish.They'llsoonrealizethatonlyonesoccerteamwinstheWorldCupandonlyonefootballteamwinstheSuperBowl.Fornow,hethinksthere'snothingwrongwithlettingallkidswhoplayasportfeellikewinners.Thatmeanstrophiesforeveryone.（1）AccordingtoCarolDweck,whichplayershouldreceiveatrophy?A.Tony,themostattractiveplayerofthesoccerteam.B.David,asoccerplayerwhoisbothcleverandfunny.C.Peter,whoisreadytohelphispartnerstoscoregoals.D.Jim,asoccerplayerwhotrieshisbesttowinthegame（2）WhichofthefollowingstatementswouldKennethBarishagreewith?A.Thereisnosenseingivingatrophytoeveryone.B.Kidsfondofplayingsportsshouldberewarded.C.Kidsshouldbegiventrophiesfortryingtheirbest.D.Itisnecessarytoencouragekids'participationinsports.（3）Theunderlinedphrase"singleout"inParagraph6probablymeans"________"．A.honorB.chooseC.valueD.stress（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Whodeservesatrophy?B.AllkidsdeserveatrophyC.Whatdoesatrophydeserve?D.Bestplayerdeservesatrophy【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文。如果孩子參加體育比賽，那么是不是每個人都該得到獎杯呢？作者就這個問題給出了兩種不同的看法。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Shesuggeststrophiesgotothemostimprovedplayer,ortheonewhocontributedmosttotheteamspirit,aswellastothosewhoplaythebest.”可知，斯坦福大學的心理學教授CarolDweck認為，進步最大的、對團隊精神貢獻最多的和表現(xiàn)最佳的運動員都應(yīng)獲獎。故選C。（2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Ithinkweshouldencouragekids'participationinsports,”saysKennethBarish,apsychologyprofessoratWeillCornellMedicalCollege,inNewYorkCity.“Atrophyisonewaytoencouragekids'efforts.”可知，紐約市威爾康乃爾醫(yī)學院的心理學教授KennethBarish認為，我們應(yīng)該鼓勵孩子參加體育活動，頒發(fā)獎杯就是一種激勵方式。故選D。（3）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第六段中的“Barisharguesthatwhenwesingleoutonlythebestoreventhemostimprovedplayerswithatrophy,weareteachingkidsthewronglesson.Wearesendingthemessagethatwinningiseverything.”可知，Barish認為，當我們挑選出最佳球員或進步最大的球員并授予他們獎杯的時候，我們給孩子們傳遞了一個錯誤的信號：獲勝就是一切。因此劃線詞組singleout意為“挑出”。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段“Yousignedupforsoccer,andplayedeverygameoftheseason.Sure,you'renotthebestplayerontheteam,butmostdaysyougaveityourall.Doyoudeserveatrophy(獎杯)?”你報名參加了足球比賽，參加了本賽季的每一場比賽。當然，你不是隊里最好的球員，但大多數(shù)時候你都是全力以赴。你應(yīng)該得到一座獎杯嗎?；和最后一段中的“Fornow,hethinksthere'snothingwrongwithlettingallkidswhoplayasportfeellikewinners.Thatmeanstrophiesforeveryone.”現(xiàn)在，他認為讓所有參加體育運動的孩子都感覺自己是贏家并沒有什么錯。這意味著每個人都有獎杯，可知，本文主要論述了是不是每個參加比賽的人都該得到獎杯。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Whatdopeopleintheoutsideworlddowhentheywanttolearnsomething?Theygotosomebodywhoknowsaboutit,andaskhim.Theydonotgotosomebodywhoissupposedtoknowabouteverything—except,whentheyareveryyoung,totheirparents:andtheyspeedilybecomedissatisfiedwiththatvarietyofknowledge.Theygotosomebodywhomightreasonablyexpectedtoknowabouttheparticularthingtheyareinterestedin.Whenamanbuysamotor-car,hedoesnotsaytohimself:"WherecanIfindsomebodywhocanteachmehowtorunamotorcar?"HedoesnotlookinthetelephonedirectoryunderT.Hejustgetsanexperienceddrivertoteachhim.Hejustpaysattentionandasksquestionsandtriestodothethinghimself,untilhelearns.

Butthiscase,ofcourse,assumesaninterestofthepupilinthesubject,awillingnessandevenadesiretolearnaboutit,afeelingthatthematterisofsomeimportancetohimself.Andcometothinkofit,thesemotivesaregenerallypresentinthelearningthatgoesonintheoutsideworld.Itisonlyinschoolthatthepupilisexpectedtobeunwillingtolearn.

Whenyouwereachild,andpassedthedoorofthevillageblacksmith(鐵匠)shop,andlookedin,dayafterday,youadmiredhisskill,andstoodinaweofhisstrength;andifhehadofferedtoletyoublowthebellowsforhimandshownyouhowtomakeared-hotpenny,thatwouldhavebeenaproudmoment.Itwouldalsohavebeenaneducationalone.Butsupposetherehadbeenanewshopsetupinthetown,andwhenyoulookedinattheopendooryousawamanatworkpaintingapicture;andsupposeabellrangjustthen,andthemanstoppedpaintingrightinthemiddleofabrush-stroke,andstartedtoreadaloud“HowTheyBroughttheGoodNewsfromGhenttoAix";andsupposewhenhewashalfwaythrough,thebellrangagain,andhesaid,"Wewillgoonwiththattomorrow,"andstartedtochiselthesurfaceofapieceofmarble;andthen,afteralittle,somewhatexhaustedly,startedintoplay"TheRockofAges"onaflute,interruptingthetunetoorderyoutostandupstraightandnotwhispertothelittleboybesideyou.There'snodoubtwhatyouwouldthinkofhim;youwouldknowperfectlywellthathewascrazy;peopledon'tdothingsinthatwayanywhereintheworld,exceptinschool.

Andevenifhehadassuredyouthatwhatweretaughtwerelaterinyourlifegoingtobemattersofthedeepestimportanceandinterest,andthatyoushouldstartinnowwiththedeterminationofbecomingproficientinthem,itwouldnothavehelpedmuch.Notverymuch.It'snonsensethatchildrendonotwantto