2025年大學(xué)《大學(xué)英語》專業(yè)題庫(kù)——英語專業(yè)學(xué)生的翻譯實(shí)踐教學(xué)考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______第一部分：英譯漢directions:ReadthefollowingpassagescarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.(每小題2分，共20分)1.Thelocalgovernment,facingaseverebudgetdeficit,announcedaseriesofausteritymeasureslastweek.2.Culturalrelativismholdsthatthevaluesandmoralstandardsofoneculturecannotbejudgedbythestandardsofanother.3.Withtheadventoftheinternet,globalcommunicationhasbeenacceleratedbeyondimagination.4.Thenovel,setintheVictorianera,offersasharpcritiqueofsocialinequality.5.Despitenumerouschallenges,theteammanagedtocompletetheprojectontime.6.Climatechangeposesanexistentialthreattoecosystemsaroundtheworld,scientistswarn.7.TheartistdrewinspirationfromthevibrantstreetlifeofParisforhislatestseriesofpaintings.8.Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatregularexerciseisbeneficialtophysicalandmentalhealth.9.Thelegaldocumentrequiresbothpartiestosignbeforethedeadline.10.Alackoffundinghasseverelyhamperedtheresearchproject'sprogress.第二部分：漢譯英directions:ReadthefollowingpassagescarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoEnglish.(每小題2分，共20分)1.中國(guó)政府致力于構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體，促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展。2.這家公司以其創(chuàng)新的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)在市場(chǎng)上享有盛譽(yù)。3.經(jīng)過多年的艱苦努力，這個(gè)山區(qū)小鎮(zhèn)終于擺脫了貧困。4.文化差異不應(yīng)成為溝通的障礙，而應(yīng)被視為豐富彼此視野的機(jī)遇。5.他對(duì)于這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的貢獻(xiàn)是不可或缺的，沒有他就無法取得成功。6.隨著科技的飛速發(fā)展，人工智能正在改變我們的生活方式。7.盡管面臨諸多質(zhì)疑，這位年輕導(dǎo)演的處女作依然獲得了評(píng)論界的高度評(píng)價(jià)。8.保護(hù)環(huán)境已經(jīng)成為全人類的共同責(zé)任。9.只有通過持續(xù)的教育和培訓(xùn)，我們才能提升勞動(dòng)者的技能水平。10.這家博物館收藏了大量的古代藝術(shù)品，為研究歷史提供了寶貴的資源。第三部分：翻譯理論簡(jiǎn)答directions:Answerthefollowingquestionsbriefly.(每小題3分，共15分)1.Brieflyexplainthedifferencebetween"translation"and"interpretation".2.Whatis"culturalloadword"andhowshoulditbehandledintranslation?3.Describeonecommontranslationtechniqueandprovideanexample.4.Whatarethethreebasicprinciplesofgoodtranslationaccordingto"信達(dá)雅"?5.Whyisitimportantfortranslatorstohaveagoodcommandofbothsourceandtargetlanguages?第四部分：翻譯實(shí)踐directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglish.(共25分)TheancientcityofKyoto,withitswell-preservedtemples,shrines,andtraditionalwoodenhouses,isalivingmuseumofJapaneseculture.Everyyear,millionsofvisitorsflocktothiscitytowitnessitsstunningbeautyandexperienceitsrichculturalheritage.Thecity'shistoricdistricts,suchasGionandArashiyama,areparticularlypopular,offeringvisitorsaglimpseintothetraditionalwayoflifeinJapan.Kyoto'scuisine,knownforitsemphasisonseasonalingredientsanddelicateflavors,isalsoamajordrawforfoodies.Fromkaisekimeals,whicharemeticulouslypreparedmulti-coursefeasts,tostreetfoodliketakoyakiandmatchaicecream,thereissomethingtosatisfyeverypalate.Beyonditsaestheticandculinarydelights,Kyotoisalsoacityofspirituality,withnumerousBuddhistandShintositesdottingitslandscape.Thecity'sabilitytoblendtraditionandmodernityinaharmoniouswaymakesitatrulyuniquedestination.試卷答案第一部分：英譯漢1.地方政府面臨嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政赤字，上周宣布了一系列緊縮措施。*解析：翻譯時(shí)需準(zhǔn)確理解"budgetdeficit"為“財(cái)政赤字”，“austeritymeasures”為“緊縮措施”。句子結(jié)構(gòu)采用中文常見的主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。2.文化相對(duì)主義認(rèn)為，一種文化的價(jià)值觀和道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不能用另一種文化的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評(píng)判。*解析：關(guān)鍵短語"holdsthat"譯為“認(rèn)為”，"valuesandmoralstandards"譯為“價(jià)值觀和道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”，“cannotbejudgedbythestandardsofanother”譯為“不能用另一種文化的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來評(píng)判”。注意保持理論術(shù)語的準(zhǔn)確性。3.隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的興起，全球交流已被加速到難以想象的程度。*解析："adventoftheinternet"譯為“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的興起”，“acceleratedbeyondimagination”譯為“被加速到難以想象的程度”。注意時(shí)態(tài)和語氣的把握。4.這部小說以維多利亞時(shí)代為背景，對(duì)社會(huì)不平等進(jìn)行了尖銳的批評(píng)。*解析："setintheVictorianera"譯為“以維多利亞時(shí)代為背景”，“offersasharpcritiqueof”譯為“對(duì)...進(jìn)行了尖銳的批評(píng)”。注意歷史背景詞的準(zhǔn)確翻譯。5.盡管面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)，團(tuán)隊(duì)還是按時(shí)完成了項(xiàng)目。*解析："Despitenumerouschallenges"譯為“盡管面臨諸多挑戰(zhàn)”，“managedtocomplete...ontime”譯為“還是按時(shí)完成了”。注意讓步狀語從句的翻譯。6.科學(xué)家警告說，氣候變化對(duì)全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成生存威脅。*解析："existentialthreattoecosystemsaroundtheworld"譯為“對(duì)全球生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成生存威脅”。注意專業(yè)術(shù)語的翻譯和被動(dòng)語態(tài)的處理。7.這位藝術(shù)家從巴黎充滿活力的街頭生活那里汲取了靈感，用于他最新的繪畫系列。*解析："drewinspirationfrom"譯為“從...汲取了靈感”，“vibrantstreetlifeofParis”譯為“巴黎充滿活力的街頭生活”，“forhislatestseriesofpaintings”譯為“用于他最新的繪畫系列”。注意介詞和名詞短語的翻譯。8.人們普遍認(rèn)為定期鍛煉有益于身心健康。*解析："Itiswidelyacknowledgedthat"譯為“人們普遍認(rèn)為”，“beneficialtophysicalandmentalhealth”譯為“有益于身心健康”。注意固定句型和名詞短語的翻譯。9.該法律文件要求雙方在截止日期前簽字。*解析："requiresbothpartiestosign"譯為“要求雙方簽字”，“beforethedeadline”譯為“在截止日期前”。注意動(dòng)詞短語和介詞短語的翻譯。10.缺乏資金嚴(yán)重阻礙了研究項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)展。*解析："Alackoffundinghasseverelyhampered"譯為“缺乏資金嚴(yán)重阻礙了”，“theresearchproject'sprogress”譯為“研究項(xiàng)目的進(jìn)展”。注意名詞短語和動(dòng)詞短語的翻譯。第二部分：漢譯英1.TheChinesegovernmentiscommittedtobuildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankindandpromotingworldpeaceanddevelopment.*解析："致力于"譯為"committedtodoingsth."，"構(gòu)建人類命運(yùn)共同體"譯為"buildingacommunitywithasharedfutureformankind"，"促進(jìn)世界和平與發(fā)展"譯為"promotingworldpeaceanddevelopment"。2.Thiscompanyenjoysagoodreputationinthemarketforitsinnovativeproductsandservices.*解析："以其...在市場(chǎng)上享有盛譽(yù)"譯為"enjoysagoodreputationinthemarketforits..."，"創(chuàng)新的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)"譯為"innovativeproductsandservices"。3.Afteryearsofhardwork,thismountainoustownhasfinallyshakenoffpoverty.*解析："經(jīng)過多年的艱苦努力"譯為"Afteryearsofhardwork"，"擺脫了貧困"譯為"shakenoffpoverty"。4.Culturaldifferencesshouldnotbebarrierstocommunication,butopportunitiestoenricheachother'shorizons.*解析："不應(yīng)成為...而應(yīng)被視為..."譯為"shouldnotbe...but..."，"溝通的障礙"譯為"barrierstocommunication"，"豐富彼此視野的機(jī)遇"譯為"opportunitiestoenricheachother'shorizons"。5.Hiscontributiontothisprojectisindispensable;withouthim,successcouldnothavebeenachieved.*解析："不可或缺的"譯為"indispensable"，"沒有他就無法取得成功"譯為"withouthim,successcouldnothavebeenachieved"，使用分號(hào)連接表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。6.Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,artificialintelligenceischangingourwayoflife.*解析："隨著...發(fā)展"譯為"Withthedevelopmentof..."，"飛速發(fā)展"用"rapiddevelopment"表達(dá)，"改變我們的生活方式"譯為"changingourwayoflife"。7.Althoughfacingmuchskepticism,thisyoungdirector'sdebutfilmstillreceivedhighpraisefromthecritics.*解析："盡管面臨諸多質(zhì)疑"譯為"Althoughfacingmuchskepticism"，"處女作"譯為"debutfilm"，"獲得了評(píng)論界的高度評(píng)價(jià)"譯為"receivedhighpraisefromthecritics"。8.Protectingtheenvironmenthasbecomeacommonresponsibilityforallhumanity.*解析："保護(hù)環(huán)境"譯為"Protectingtheenvironment"，"已經(jīng)成為全人類的共同責(zé)任"譯為"hasbecomeacommonresponsibilityforallhumanity"。9.Onlythroughcontinuouseducationandtrainingcanweimprovetheskilllevelofworkers.*解析："只有通過..."譯為"Onlythrough..."，"提升勞動(dòng)者的技能水平"譯為"improvetheskilllevelofworkers"。10.Thismuseumhousesalargecollectionofancientartworks,providingvaluableresourcesforthestudyofhistory.*解析："收藏了大量的古代藝術(shù)品"譯為"housesalargecollectionofancientartworks"，"為研究歷史提供了寶貴的資源"譯為"providingvaluableresourcesforthestudyofhistory"。第三部分：翻譯理論簡(jiǎn)答1.Translationreferstothewrittenororalconversionoftextorspeechfromonelanguage(sourcelanguage)toanother(targetlanguage),whileinterpretationinvolvestheoralrenderingofspokenlanguagefromonelanguagetoanother,withoutnecessarilyproducingawrittentext.*解析：簡(jiǎn)潔區(qū)分翻譯和口譯的定義，強(qiáng)調(diào)書面/口頭轉(zhuǎn)換與僅口頭轉(zhuǎn)述的區(qū)別。2.Aculturalloadwordisaterminthesourcelanguagethatcarriesculturalconcepts,historicalbackground,orsocialmeaningsthatdonothavedirectequivalentsinthetargetlanguage.Itshouldbehandledbyexplanation,description,substitutionwithasimilarconcept,orsometimesomissionifthecontextallows.*解析：解釋文化負(fù)載詞的定義，并列舉常見的處理方法（解釋、描述、替換、省略）。3.Onecommontranslationtechniqueis"omission,"whichinvolvesleavingoutunnecessarywordsorinformationinthesourcetextthatdonotcarrysignificantmeaningordonotmakesenseinthetargetlanguagecontext.Forexample,intranslating"Hewenttothebanktodepositmoney,"omitting"the"before"bank"mightbeappropriateinChinese:他去銀行存錢。*解析：選擇“省略”技巧，解釋其含義，并給出中英例句說明在目標(biāo)語中無需或不恰當(dāng)表達(dá)的處理。4.Accordingto"信達(dá)雅,"thethreebasicprinciplesofgoodtranslationarefaithfulness(信),whichmeansthetranslationshouldbeaccurateandtruetotheoriginaltext;expressiveness(達(dá)),whichmeansthetranslationshouldbefluentandnaturalinthetargetlanguage;andelegance(雅),whichmeansthetranslationshouldbestylisticallygracefulandartisticallyrefined.*解析：解釋“信達(dá)雅”三個(gè)原則的具體含義。5.Translatorsneedagoodcommandofbothsourceandtargetlanguagesbecauselanguageisthecarrierofcultureandmeaning.Proficiencyinthesourcelanguageenablesaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginaltext,whileproficiencyinthetargetlanguageallowsfortheproductionofnaturalandappropriatetranslationsthatconveytheintendedmeaningandstyleeffectively.*解析：闡述雙語能力對(duì)于理解原文和產(chǎn)出地道譯文的重要性。第四部分：翻譯實(shí)踐TheancientcityofKyoto,withitswell-preservedtemples,shrines,andtraditionalwoodenhouses,isalivingmuseumofJapaneseculture.Everyyear,millionsofvisitorsflocktothiscitytowitnessitsstunningbeautyandexperienceitsrichculturalheritage.Thecity'shistoricdistricts,suchasGionandArashiyama,areparticularlypopular,offeringvisitorsaglimpseintothetraditionalwayoflifeinJapan.Kyoto'scuisine,knownforitsemphasisonseasonalingredientsanddelicateflavors,isalsoamajordrawforfoodies.Fromkaisekimeals,whicharemeticulouslypreparedmulti-coursefeasts,tostreetfoodliketakoyakiandmatchaicecream,thereiss