2025年大學(xué)《阿非利卡語(yǔ)》專業(yè)題庫(kù)——阿非利卡語(yǔ)文化交流考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、名詞解釋（每題5分，共20分）1.Afrikanernationalism2.Verwoerdpolicy3.CapeColouredculture4.SepediinfluenceonAfrikaans二、簡(jiǎn)答題（每題10分，共40分）1.BrieflydescribethehistoricalcontextthatledtothedevelopmentofAfrikaansasadistinctlanguage.2.ExplaintheroleoftheDutchReformedChurchinshapingAfrikaans-speakingidentity.3.DiscusssomekeycharacteristicsofAfrikaansvocabularythatreflectitsculturalhistory.4.IdentifyandbrieflydescribetwomajorAfrikaansculturalfestivalsortraditions.三、論述題（每題15分，共45分）1.Analyzehowtheconceptof"reconciliation"hasplayedoutinthepost-apartheidculturallandscapeofSouthAfrica,focusingontheroleofAfrikaans.2.DiscussthechallengesandopportunitiesfacingtheAfrikaanslanguageandcultureinthecontextofglobalizationandmultilingualisminSouthAfrica.3.ImagineyouareaconsultantforamultinationalcompanylookingtoestablishapresenceinSouthAfrica.ArguefororagainsttheimportanceofproficiencyinAfrikaansfortheiremployees,providingspecificexamplestosupportyourposition.試卷答案一、名詞解釋1.Afrikanernationalism:AnideologyandpoliticalmovementamongAfrikaans-speakingwhitesinSouthAfrica,emphasizingtheiruniqueculturalidentity,historicalgrievances(especiallyunderBritishruleandperceivedthreatsfromblackmajorities),andoftenadvocatingforsegregationorapartheidtopreservetheirpoliticalpower,economicadvantages,andculturaldistinctiveness.Itcenteredonconceptslikevolkskap(people'scommunity)andAfrikanervolksstaat(Afrikanerpeople'sstate).**解析思路：*要求解釋“阿非利卡人民族主義”這一核心概念。答案需涵蓋其定義、核心群體（阿非利卡語(yǔ)白人）、主要特征（文化認(rèn)同、歷史grievance、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)訴求）、核心理念（volkskap,volksstaat）以及最終目標(biāo)（維護(hù)權(quán)力、優(yōu)勢(shì)、文化獨(dú)特性）。解析時(shí)需點(diǎn)明其歷史背景（與南非種族隔離政策密切相關(guān)）和本質(zhì)（一種白人至上和民族主義的意識(shí)形態(tài)）。2.Verwoerdpolicy:Thesetof種族隔離（apartheid）policiesimplementedinSouthAfricabyPrimeMinisterHendrikVerwoerdfrom1948untilhisassassinationin1966.Thesepolicieslegallyinstitutionalizedracialsegregationanddiscriminationagainstnon-whiteSouthAfricans,aimingtomaintainwhiteminorityrule.KeyaspectsincludedthePopulationRegistrationAct(categorizingcitizensbyrace),GroupAreasAct(forcedrelocationbasedonrace),BantuEducationAct(separateandinferioreducationforblackAfricans),andprohibitionsoninterracialmarriageandsexualrelations.Itrepresentedthehardeningandinstitutionalizationofearliersegregationpractices.**解析思路：*要求解釋“維沃德政策”。答案需明確指出這是南非的“種族隔離政策”，與總理維沃德相關(guān)。必須涵蓋政策的核心目標(biāo)（維護(hù)白人統(tǒng)治）、關(guān)鍵立法（人口登記法、區(qū)域法、班圖教育法等）及其主要特征（法律化、系統(tǒng)化、種族歧視）。解析時(shí)需強(qiáng)調(diào)其殘酷性和對(duì)南非社會(huì)的深遠(yuǎn)影響。3.CapeColouredculture:TheculturalidentityandpracticesoftheColouredcommunityintheWesternCaperegionofSouthAfrica,primarilydescendantsofmixed-racerelationshipsbetweenEuropeansettlers,enslavedAfricans,andindigenousKhoisanpeoples.Theircultureischaracterizedbyauniquelinguisticrepertoire(includingCapeMalaylanguagesanddialects,andEnglish),distinctreligioustraditions(especiallyIslamicandChristiandenominationswithuniquepractices),vibrantmusicalforms(likembaqanga,marabi,andlaterkwaito),richculinaryheritageblendingAfrican,Asian,andEuropeaninfluences,andspecificsocialcustomsanddressstyles.Itrepresentsasyncreticandresilientculturalformation.**解析思路：*要求解釋“開(kāi)普馬來(lái)人文化”。答案需定義“開(kāi)普馬來(lái)人”的出身背景（混合種族）。必須描述其文化特征，涵蓋語(yǔ)言（多種語(yǔ)言和方言）、宗教（獨(dú)特性）、音樂(lè)、飲食（融合性）、社會(huì)習(xí)俗和服飾。解析的關(guān)鍵在于突出其“混合性”（syncretism）和“多元文化融合”的特點(diǎn)，以及作為邊緣群體的文化韌性。4.SepediinfluenceonAfrikaans:ThesignificantlinguisticandculturalimpactoftheSepedilanguage(aSotholanguagespokenprimarilyintheNorthWestandGautengprovincesofSouthAfrica)onAfrikaans,particularlyevidentintheNorthernCapeprovinceandamongcertainAfrikaans-speakinggroups.Thisinfluenceismostpronouncedinvocabulary,wheremanySepediwordswereborrowedintoAfrikaans,oftenrelatedtodailylife,nature,andlocalgeography(e.g.,'maak'fromSepedi'make'meaning'tomake','kaffie'from'khafe'meaning'coffee',varioustermsforplantsandanimals).Somephoneticandgrammaticalfeaturesmayalsoshowsubtleinfluence.**解析思路：*要求分析“塞佩迪語(yǔ)對(duì)阿非利卡語(yǔ)的影響”。答案需指出影響的存在（尤其在北開(kāi)普）和主要方面。重點(diǎn)闡述詞匯借用（舉例說(shuō)明，如“制造”、“咖啡”等常用詞的來(lái)源），并可以提及可能存在的語(yǔ)音和語(yǔ)法影響。解析時(shí)需定位影響的地域范圍（北開(kāi)普）和文化背景（語(yǔ)言接觸），強(qiáng)調(diào)其作為“借詞”的主要形式。二、簡(jiǎn)答題1.ThedevelopmentofAfrikaansasadistinctlanguagewasprimarilyaresultofthelinguisticisolationofDutchsettlersintheCapeColonyduringthe17thand18thcenturies.ConfinedtotheCapePeninsulaandlatertheinterior,thesesettlersmaintainedDutchlanguagepracticeswithlittlecontactwiththeDutchhomeland.Overtime,theirDutchevolvedindependently,influencedbyAfricanlanguages(KhoisanandBantu)andlaterEnglish.Socialfactors,suchastheestablishmentofAfrikaansasthelanguageoftheDutchReformedChurch(whichcateredtothesettlers)anditsuseineverydaycommunitylife,helpedsolidifyitsdistinctidentity.KeymilestonesincludedthepublicationofthefirstAfrikaansBible(1859)andthefirstAfrikaansnewspaper(AfrikaansWeekly,1897),whichfurtherstandardizedandpromotedthelanguage.**解析思路：*要求簡(jiǎn)述阿非利卡語(yǔ)發(fā)展的歷史背景。答案需從隔離（地理、社會(huì)）出發(fā)，解釋為何在南非獨(dú)立發(fā)展。必須提及關(guān)鍵影響因素（非洲語(yǔ)言、英語(yǔ)的接觸）、社會(huì)文化因素（教會(huì)、社區(qū)生活）以及標(biāo)志性事件（圣經(jīng)、報(bào)紙）的推動(dòng)作用。解析應(yīng)清晰勾勒出從早期荷蘭語(yǔ)到獨(dú)立語(yǔ)言演變的過(guò)程。2.TheDutchReformedChurch(DRC)playedaprofoundlyinfluentialroleinshapingAfrikaans-speakingidentity,particularlyduringandaftertheapartheidera.Fromitsinception,theDRCwasestablishedastheofficialchurchoftheDutchsettlersandbecamecloselyintertwinedwithAfrikanernationalism.Itprovidedareligiousframeworkthatjustifiedandlegitimizedsegregationandwhitesupremacy,interpretingscripturethroughthelensofAfrikanerstruggleanddestiny(e.g.,the"chosenpeople"narrative).Thechurchservedasacentralinstitutionforcommunitycohesion,socialcontrol,andthepreservationofAfrikaanslanguageandculturaltraditionsthroughitsservices,schools,andorganizations(liketheDRCYouthLeague).Evenafterthetransitiontodemocracy,theDRCremainsapowerfulvoicewithinAfrikaans-speakingcommunities,thoughinternaldebatesanddivisionshaveemergedregardingitshistoricalroleandfuturedirection.**解析思路：*要求解釋荷蘭改革教會(huì)塑造阿非利卡人身份的作用。答案需涵蓋其與民族主義的結(jié)合、在種族隔離時(shí)期的作用（意識(shí)形態(tài)工具、合法性來(lái)源）、作為社區(qū)中心的功能（凝聚力、語(yǔ)言文化保存），以及其在當(dāng)代的地位和變化。解析應(yīng)強(qiáng)調(diào)其作為宗教、社會(huì)和文化機(jī)構(gòu)的復(fù)合影響力。3.Afrikaansvocabularyexhibitsseveralkeycharacteristicsreflectingitsculturalhistory.Firstly,asignificantportionofthevocabularyisderivedfromDutch,oftenwithmodifiedpronunciationandspelling,preservingetymologicallinks.Secondly,thereisasubstantialnumberofwordsborrowedfromAfricanlanguages,particularlyKhoisanandBantulanguages,reflectinghistoricalcontactandtheprocessofcreolizationearlyinthelanguage'sdevelopment(e.g.,wordsforfood,animals,actions,andsocialconcepts).Thirdly,EnglishhasheavilyinfluencedAfrikaansvocabularysincethe19thcentury,especiallyintechnical,scientific,andgeneralterms,mirroringthepoliticalandeconomicdominanceofBritaininlatercolonialperiods.Additionally,Afrikaanshasdevelopeditsownuniquewordsandexpressions(neologismsandidioms)oftenreflectingitsspecificculturalcontext,values,andsocialrealities.**解析思路：*要求討論阿非利卡語(yǔ)詞匯的文化歷史特征。答案需分類說(shuō)明詞匯來(lái)源：荷蘭語(yǔ)（繼承與變化）、非洲語(yǔ)言（早期接觸與creolization）、英語(yǔ)（后期影響），以及本土創(chuàng)造（新詞習(xí)語(yǔ)）。解析的關(guān)鍵在于通過(guò)詞匯來(lái)源的分析，揭示語(yǔ)言接觸的歷史、社會(huì)變遷的影響以及文化身份的印記。4.TwomajorAfrikaansculturalfestivalsortraditionsincludethe*Braai*(barbecue)andthe*Saterdagklok*(SaturdayClock).The*Braai*isfarmorethanjustasocialgathering;it'sacornerstoneofAfrikaanssocialculture,symbolizinghospitality,camaraderie,andcommunity.Ittypicallyinvolvescookingmeatoutdoors,oftenonabraaigrid,accompaniedbymusic,dancing,games,andsocialinteraction.Ittranscendsclassandpoliticaldividesandiscelebratedonvariousoccasions,fromcasualget-togetherstomajornationalevents.The*Saterdagklok*referstothetradition,particularlystrongamongoldergenerations,ofwatchingaspecificAfrikaanstelevisionprogram,mostnotablythelong-runningmorningshow*OomKoms*(later*KomsvirKommissie*),typicallystartingat9:00AMonSaturdays.Thisritualprovidedasenseofroutine,community,andsharedculturalexperience,oftenbecomingafocalpointforfamilyinteractionandreinforcingAfrikaansidentity,althoughitspopularityhasdeclinedwithchangingmediaconsumptionhabits.**解析思路：*要求識(shí)別并簡(jiǎn)述兩個(gè)阿非利卡文化節(jié)日或傳統(tǒng)。答案需選擇兩個(gè)有代表性的例子（如“燒烤”和“周六鐘”）。對(duì)每個(gè)例子，需解釋其定義、核心意義（文化象征、社交功能）、典型活動(dòng)內(nèi)容、慶祝場(chǎng)合以及文化價(jià)值。解析應(yīng)側(cè)重于描述這些習(xí)俗如何體現(xiàn)阿非利卡文化的生活方式、價(jià)值觀和社會(huì)凝聚力，并可以簡(jiǎn)要提及其歷史變遷或現(xiàn)狀。三、論述題1.Reconciliationinpost-apartheidSouthAfrica,particularlyconcerningtheroleofAfrikaans,hasbeenacomplexandoftencontentiousprocess.Ononehand,theofficialstatepolicyemphasizesreconciliation,aimingtohealthewoundsofapartheidandbuildaunifiednation.Afrikaans,asthelanguageofasignificantportionoftheformerrulingclassbutalsoofmanyordinarycitizensacrossdifferentracialgroups,becameafocalpointinthisprocess.InitiativesliketheTruthandReconciliationCommission(TRC)heardtestimonyinAfrikaans,acknowledgingthelanguage'sroleinthepastwhilealsoseekingtoaddresspastharmscommittedinitsname.SomeAfrikaans-speakingcommunitiesactivelyparticipatedinreconciliationefforts,fosteringdialogueandunderstanding.However,skepticismandresistancepersisted.ManyAfrikaansspeakers,particularlythosewhobenefitedfromapartheid,werereluctanttofullyengagewiththeprocessorfacedaccusationsofwhitewashing.Simultaneously,someblackSouthAfricansviewedthecontinuedprominenceandperceiveddefensivenessofAfrikaansasanobstacletogenuineequalityandreconciliation.Thelanguagethusbecameintertwinedwithbroaderdebatesaboutjustice,memory,andnationalidentity,makingreconciliationacontinuousandoftenchallengingnegotiationratherthanasimpleoutcome.**解析思路：*要求分析后種族隔離時(shí)期南非“和解”進(jìn)程中阿非利卡語(yǔ)的角色。答案需首先界定和解的目標(biāo)。然后從正反兩方面分析阿非利卡語(yǔ)的作用：作為和解進(jìn)程中的工具（官方政策、TRC）、參與者的態(tài)度（積極與消極），以及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)（來(lái)自白人和黑人社群的阻力）。解析應(yīng)關(guān)注語(yǔ)言與政治、歷史、社會(huì)情感之間的復(fù)雜關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)和解的艱巨性和持續(xù)性。2.ThefutureoftheAfrikaanslanguageandcultureinthecontextofglobalizationandSouthAfrica'smultilingualismpresentsbothsignificantchallengesandopportunities.ChallengesincludethestrongdominanceofEnglishininternationalbusiness,academia,andtechnology,whichcanmarginalizeAfrikaansinglobalspheresandcreatepressureforlanguageshiftamongyoungergenerationsseekingeconomicopportunities.SouthAfrica'sofficialmultilingualism,whilepromotingequality,alsomeansAfrikaansmustcompeteforresourcesandvisibilityalongsidenumerousotherlanguages,potentiallyleadingtoreducedsupportineducationandgovernment.Deep-seatedhistoricalassociationswithapartheidcanalsocreateprejudiceorindifferencefromnon-AfrikaansspeakersbothwithinandoutsideSouthAfrica.However,opportunitiesexisttoo.Afrikaanshasadedicatedandrelativelyeducatedspeakerbase,arichliteraryandculturalheritagewithgrowinginternationalrecognition(especiallyinliterature),andstrongcommunityinstitutionssupportingitsuse.TheinternetandsocialmediaoffernewplatformsforAfrikaansexpressionandconnection,potentiallyreachingglobalaudiences.Thereisalsoagrowingglobalawarenessoflinguisticdiversity,whichcanfosterappreciationforAfrikaansculture.Furthermore,thelanguage'shistoricalresilienceanditsroleinexpressingauniqueSouthAfricanidentitycanprovideongoing動(dòng)力foritspreservationandevolution,especiallyasSouthAfricansengagemoremeaningfullyintheglobalcommunity.**解析思路：*要求討論在全球化和南非多元語(yǔ)言背景下阿非利卡語(yǔ)文化的挑戰(zhàn)與機(jī)遇。答案需明確區(qū)分挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇兩大類。挑戰(zhàn)方面可從全球化（英語(yǔ)優(yōu)勢(shì)）、國(guó)內(nèi)政策（多元語(yǔ)言競(jìng)爭(zhēng)）、歷史包袱（種族隔離遺留問(wèn)題）等角度論述。機(jī)遇方面可從文化底蘊(yùn)（文學(xué)藝術(shù)）、數(shù)字時(shí)代（網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播）、身份認(rèn)同（獨(dú)特性）等角度展開(kāi)。解析應(yīng)全面、辯證地看待語(yǔ)言文化在現(xiàn)代社會(huì)變遷中的處境，既看到困難也看到希望。3.ArguingfortheimportanceofproficiencyinAfrikaansforemployeesofamultinationalcompanyestablishingapresenceinSouthAfricarequireshighlightingspecificstrategicadvantages.Firstly,operatingeffectivelywithintheWesternCape,particularlyCapeTown,requiresAfrikaanslanguageskills.Asignificantportionofthelocalpopulation,includingbusinessprofessionals,communityleaders,andserviceprovidersinthisregion,communicateprimarilyinAfrikaans.Profi