人教版七年級英語上冊詞匯與語法匯編前言七年級上冊英語是初中英語學習的啟蒙與奠基階段。本匯編旨在系統(tǒng)梳理該學期核心詞匯與基礎語法知識，為同學們構建清晰的知識框架，助力大家夯實基礎，穩(wěn)步提升英語語言運用能力。詞匯是語言的基石，語法是語言的規(guī)則，二者相輔相成，缺一不可。希望本匯編能成為同學們學習路上的得力助手。第一部分：核心詞匯分類與用法詞匯的學習不僅在于記憶，更在于理解和運用。以下按話題和功能對本學期核心詞匯進行分類整理，并輔以簡要用法提示。一、問候與介紹(GreetingsandIntroductions)*用法提示：*"Goodmorning/afternoon/evening"分別用于上午、下午、晚上見面時的問候。*"Nicetomeetyou."初次見面時使用，回答常用"Nicetomeetyou,too."*"What'syourname?"詢問對方姓名，答語為"Mynameis.../I'm..."*"Spellit,please."用于請求對方拼寫單詞。二、數字與顏色(NumbersandColors)*核心詞匯：number,zero,one,two,...,twenty,thirty,...,ninety,hundred;color,red,yellow,green,blue,black,white,purple,brown,pink,orange*用法提示：*基數詞用于表示數量，注意"十幾"(teen)和"幾十"(ty)的拼寫區(qū)別。*顏色詞可作表語(Thepenisred.)和定語(aredpen)。三、學校生活(SchoolLife)*核心詞匯：school,pen,pencil,book,eraser,ruler,pencilbox,schoolbag,dictionary,map,desk,chair,classroom,teacher,student,pupil,friend,classmate,in,on,under,behind,where,yes,no*用法提示：*"in/on/under/behind"是表示方位的介詞。*"Where's...?"用于詢問物品或人的位置，答語常用"It'sin/on/under/behind..."或"Theyare..."四、家庭與朋友(FamilyandFriends)*核心詞匯：family,father,dad,mother,mom,parent,parents,brother,sister,son,daughter,grandfather,grandma,grandmother,grandpa,uncle,aunt,cousin,me,he,she,it,this,that,these,those,who,they*用法提示：*人稱代詞"he,she,it"分別指代男性、女性和事物/動物，對應的be動詞用"is"。*"this/that"指代單數近/遠處的人或物；"these/those"指代復數近/遠處的人或物。*"Who'she/she?/Whoarethey?"用于詢問身份。五、食物與飲料(FoodandDrinks)*核心詞匯：food,rice,egg,hamburger,bread,milk,juice,water,apple,banana,orange,pear,strawberry,vegetable,carrot,tomato,potato,chicken,fish,meat,breakfast,lunch,dinner,eat,drink,like*用法提示：*部分名詞的復數形式：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,strawberry-strawberries。*"like"表示喜歡，后可接名詞或動詞-ing形式（初步接觸）。六、能力與喜好(AbilitiesandHobbies)*核心詞匯：can,can't,sing,dance,draw,swim,run,play,basketball,football,ping-pong,tennis,ride,bike,read,write,speak,English,Chinese,favorite,subject,music,art,P.E.,math,science,history*用法提示：*情態(tài)動詞"can"表示"能，會"，否定形式"can't"。其后接動詞原形。*"favorite"可作形容詞"one'sfavorite+名詞"，也可作名詞"one'sfavorite"。七、時間與日期(TimeandDates)*核心詞匯：time,whattime,o'clock,clock,morning,afternoon,evening,day,week,month,year,Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday,January,February,...,December,birthday,date,when*用法提示：*"Whattimeisit?/What'sthetime?"詢問時間，答語"It's...o'clock."或"It's...(分鐘)past/to...(小時)."*星期和月份的首字母需大寫。八、衣物與天氣(ClothesandWeather)*核心詞匯：clothes,coat,shirt,T-shirt,skirt,dress,pants,trousers,socks,shoes,cap,hat,color,red,yellow,...(顏色詞),weather,sunny,rainy,cloudy,windy,warm,hot,cool,cold*用法提示：*一些衣物名詞常用復數形式，如pants,trousers,socks,shoes。*描述天氣："It'ssunny/warmtoday."第二部分：基礎語法知識語法是組織語言的規(guī)則，掌握基礎語法能幫助我們更準確、規(guī)范地運用英語。一、名詞(Nouns)1.定義：表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱。2.分類：*專有名詞：表示特定的人、地方、機構等的名稱，首字母通常大寫。如：China,Beijing,Tom,September。*普通名詞：表示一類人或事物的名稱。*可數名詞：可以用數目來計算的名詞。有單數和復數形式。*單數：表示一個人或事物。abook,anapple。*復數：表示兩個或兩個以上的人或事物。*規(guī)則變化：*一般在詞尾加-s。如：book-books,pen-pens。*以s,x,ch,sh結尾的詞加-es。如：bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches。*以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，變y為i再加-es。如：family-families,strawberry-strawberries。*以o結尾的有生命名詞加-es(如：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes)；無生命名詞加-s(如：photo-photos,radio-radios)。*不規(guī)則變化：如：man-men,woman-women,child-children,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,fish-fish。*不可數名詞：不能直接用數目計算的名詞。沒有復數形式，前面不能直接加a/an。如：water,milk,rice,bread,meat,music。3.名詞所有格：表示所屬關系。*單數名詞和不以s結尾的復數名詞加's。如：Tom'sbook,thechildren'stoys。*以s結尾的復數名詞加'。如：theteachers'office,thestudents'books。二、代詞(Pronouns)1.人稱代詞：*主格：I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they(作主語)*賓格：me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them(作賓語)*例句：Heismyfriend.Ilikehim.2.物主代詞：*形容詞性物主代詞：my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their(后接名詞)*名詞性物主代詞：mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs(后不接名詞，相當于"形容詞性物主代詞+名詞")*例句：Thisismybook.Thatisyours.(yours=yourbook)3.指示代詞：this(這個),that(那個),these(這些),those(那些)*this/that指代單數；these/those指代復數。*打電話時，常用this介紹自己，用that詢問對方。三、Be動詞(am,is,are)的用法1.基本形式：*I用am。(Iamastudent.)*He,She,It用is。(HeisTom.Sheishappy.Itisacat.)*You,We,They用are。(Youaremyfriend.WeareinClassOne.Theyarebooks.)2.否定句：在am,is,are后加not。*Iamnot.../I'mnot...*Heisnot.../Heisn't...*Theyarenot.../Theyaren't...3.一般疑問句：將am,is,are提到句首。*Areyouateacher?Yes,Iam./No,I'mnot.*Isthisyourpen?Yes,itis./No,itisn't.*簡略回答時，Iam不可縮寫，其他可以。四、情態(tài)動詞can的用法1.表示"能，會"，后接動詞原形。*Icanswim.Shecansing.2.否定形式：cannot/can't。*Ican'tfly.3.一般疑問句：將can提到句首。*Canyoudance?Yes,Ican./No,Ican't.五、冠詞(a,an,the)1.不定冠詞a/an：表示泛指"一個"。*a用于輔音音素開頭的單詞前。abook,apen。*an用于元音音素開頭的單詞前。anapple,anegg,anEnglishbook。2.定冠詞the：表示特指"這個，那個，這些，那些"。*Thebookonthedeskismine.(特指桌上的那本書)*也用于世界上獨一無二的事物前，如：thesun,themoon。3.零冠詞：三餐、球類運動、學科名稱前通常不加冠詞。*havebreakfast,playbasketball,learnEnglish。六、數詞(Numerals)1.基數詞：表示數量。one,two,three...twenty,thirty...ninety,onehundred。2.序數詞：表示順序。first(1st),second(2nd),third(3rd),fourth(4th),fifth(5th)...tenth(10th),twentieth(20th),twenty-first(21st)。（初步接觸，了解1-10序數詞）七、介詞(Prepositions)1.表示時間的介詞：in,on,at。*in:inthemorning/afternoon/evening,in+月份/年份/季節(jié)。*on:onMonday,onJune1st,onChildren'sDay。*at:at6o'clock,atnoon,atnight。2.表示方位的介詞：in,on,under,behind,nextto,infrontof,between...and...*Thebookisonthedesk.Theballisunderthechair.八、形容詞(Adjectives)1.用法：修飾名詞，表示人或事物的特征。*放在名詞前：aredapple,mygoodfriend。*放在be動詞后作表語：Theappleisred.Iamhappy.2.反義詞：big-small,tall-short,long-short,happy-sad,new-old,young-old。九、副詞(Adverbs)-初步接觸主要學習表示頻率的副詞：always(總是),usually(通常),often(經常),sometimes(有時),never(從不)。*通常放在行為動詞之前，be動詞之后。*Heoftenplaysfootball.Iamalwayslate.十、動詞(Verbs)-基本用法1.實義動詞：表示具體動作或狀態(tài)的詞。如：like,play,eat,run,have。*在一般現(xiàn)在時中，當主語是第三人稱單數(he,she,it)時，動詞要加-s或-es。*Helikesapples.Sheplaysbasketball.Iteatsfish.2.系動詞：be動詞(am,is,are)，感官動詞(look,sound,taste,smell,feel)等。后常接形容詞作表語。*Youlookhappy.Themusicsoundsgood.十一、基本句型1.主系表：主語+be動詞+表語(名詞/形容詞/介詞短語等)*Iamastudent.(名詞)*Theflowersarebeautiful.(形容詞)*Theyareintheclassroom.(介詞短語)2.主謂(賓)：主語+謂語動詞(+賓語)*Istudy.(主謂)*Heplaysfoo